I-Social Phobia, iAgoraphobia, kunye neFibia ecacileyo
I-Phobias yinto eqhelekileyo yokugula ngengqondo kwabasetyhini kunye neyesibini exhaphakileyo kumadoda angaphezu kwama-25, ngokwe-American Psychiatric Association. Iingxelo zeZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo zeNgqondo zi-8-ekhulwini zabantu abadala eUnited States zijongene nale ngxaki yokuxhalabisa .
Ukufumana ukuxilongwa kwe-phobia , ukuxhalaba kwakho "kufuneka kungabikho kwimeko esongelayo" kunye nokugqibela kweenyanga ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu, ngokubhekiselele kwingcaciso yakutshanje evela kwi-American Psychiatric Association.
Ukongezelela, umntu onobungozi "akasayi kuqonda ukuba ukuxhalaba kwabo kuninzi okanye kunengqiqo."
I-Phobia yeNtlalo, i-Phobia ecacileyo kunye ne-Agoraphobia
Kukho amaqela amathathu e-phobias: i-phobia ye-social, i-agoraphobia, kunye ne-phobia ethile.
Ukuba unobungozi bentlalo , uloyiko lokuhlazeka xa wenza okuthile phambi kwabanye abantu . Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zentlalo yoluntu yinkxalabo yokuthetha koluntu okanye i-social media phobia apho uloyiko lwenu lukhulu kakhulu ukuphepha ukusebenzisana nabantu. I-social phobia inokukuthintela ekubeni uphile ubomi obuzeleyo kuba kukho uhambo olulula ukuya kwivenkile okanye ngosuku esikolweni kunzima.
Abantu abane- agoraphobia bayesaba ukuba bodwa baze bakwazi ukuphepha . Abayi kushiya ikhaya ukwenzela ukuphepha izitrato ezininzi, amabhuloho kunye nezinye iimeko. Le phobia ibonakala iphuhliswa emva kokufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kokuhlaselwa kwesohlwayo.
Xa unesifo esithile , ngakwesinye icala, uyika izinto okanye imeko ezithile. Ezi phobias zinokuba nefuthe elikhulu okanye elincinci ebomini bakho, kuxhomekeke ekubeni into oyikayo yinto ofuna ukusebenzisana rhoqo, njengamanzi okanye izinja.
Ubuninzi bePobia yeNtlalo
EUnited States, malunga ne-6,8 ekhulwini labantu, malunga nabantu abayizigidi ezili-15, banenkxalabo yezenzo zentlalo kunyaka owenziwe.
I-phobias yentlalo ikhula ngokubanzi malunga nama-13 ubudala ubudala.
Ehlabathini lonke, ukwanda komnyaka-nye we-phobia yoluntu kuqikelelwa yimithombo eyahlukeneyo kwi-4.5-pesenti, ngelixa ixesha lokuphila eliphakathi lilinganiselwa kuma-3.6 ekhulwini. Kwakhona, amaxabiso ayahluka ngokubanzi. Ngokomzekelo, kuphela ama-0.53 ekhulwini kwabaseMzantsi Korea abahluphekayo kwi-social phobias ngelixa inani labantu baseUdmurtia, iUdmurt Republic (iRiphabliki eyiNtloko ngaphakathi kweRussian Federation) lifikelela kuma-45.6%.
Iirhafu zentlalo zentlalo zibonakala zinciphisa kancane ukusuka kwiminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kuma-64, ngokulahla okuphawulekayo emva kweminyaka engama-65.
Ukwanda kweAgoraphobia
I-Agoraphobia ibonakala ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokuthe ngcembe, phakathi kwentsha kunye neyeshumi-ntathu. Phantse ezibini kwisithathu sezigulane ngabafazi.
IiRhafu azifani ngokuphawulekayo phakathi kwamazwe anjengezinye iintlobo ze- phobia . E-US, malunga ne-0.8 ekhulwini, okanye abantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.8, banzima ngenxa ye-agoraphobia.
Izinga lokusasazeka kwexesha lokuphila kwe-agoraphobia zibonakala zihlala zizinzile zisusela kwiminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kuma-64.
Ubuninzi bePhobia ecacileyo
I-phobia ecacileyo iqala ngokuqala ebuntwaneni, ecaleni kweminyaka elixhenxe. E-US, ukwesaba kwezilwanyana yiyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kakhulu, kunye nezinja, izinyoka, kunye nezimbungulu phezulu kwoluhlu.
E-US, malunga neepesenti ezingama-9 zabantu abadala banesiphelo esithile, kunye neepesenti ezingama-22 zala matyala abhalwe njengobunzima. Ipesenti ezilishumi elinesibhozo zabantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-13 neye-18 banama-specific phobia, kunye ne-0.6 ekhulwini kuphela abajongene nobunzima.
Kwakhona, amaxabiso ahluka kakhulu kumazwe ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwi-0.2 ekhulwini eNorthern Ireland ukuya kuma-8.8 ekhulwini eMelika.
Abasetyhini banamathuba amabini kunamaxesha angaphezu kwamadoda ukuphuhlisa i-phobia ethile. Amaxabiso avela kancinci ukususela kwi-18 ukuya ku-64 ubudala. Kubantu abadala abadala , nangona kunjalo, ukusabalalisa kwee-phobias ezithile (kunye nezinye iingxaki zokuxhalabisa) kubonakala kuhla kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yecala lokubhaliweyo kweempawu ngabantu abadala.
Unyango lwe Phobia
I-Phobias eyenza imisebenzi engenakwenzeka okanye ingaphazamise ubuhlobo bakho bemihla ngemihla kunye nobudlelwane obunxulumene nobuntu kufuna unyango. Ngaphantsi kwongamela umboneleli wezempilo, ezininzi izigulane ze-phobia zifumana ukuhlaziywa ngokupheleleyo kwaye zihlala zingenasifo seminyaka, kungekhona ngonaphakade.
Ingcali yokuziphatha kwengqondo ingumqeqeshi wezezempilo yengqondo onokukunceda uhlangabezane ngokukhawuleza kwaye unqobe i-phobia yakho. Emva kweeseshoni zeeseshoni, ekugqibeleni ujwayele into okanye imeko kwaye ukwesaba kwakho kunye nokwesaba kuyayichitha.
Amachiza okulawula ukwethuka kunye nokuxhalaba kuyaqheleke kakhulu ukuphatha i-phobia yoluntu kunokuba i-phobia ethile.
Imithombo:
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMelika: Masithethe iZiko NgeeFibias
Isiko seSizwe seMpilo yengqondo: Inani leenombolo: Izifo zengqondo eMelika (2013)
I-PsychCentral: I-DSM-5 Iinguqulelo - Ukukhathazeka kwezixhala kunye neFobias (2013)
Somers, et al., I-Canadian Journal ye-Psychiatry: IziPhumo eziPhambili kunye neZiphumo zoMngxakini okuxhalabisa: UkuHlola ngokuHlolo koLwazi (2006)
I-Pontillo, ne-al., I-Journal ye-Clinical Geriatrics: Ulawulo kunye noPhando lweengxaki zokuxhalabisa kwi-Older patient. (2008)