Ukwahlula phakathi kweentlobo eziqhelekileyo zokuphazamiseka kwezixhala
Ziziphi iimpawu kunye nokwahlukana phakathi kokugula kwengxaki kunye nokukhathazeka kweentlalo? Makhe sibone iimpawu ezabelwana ngazo kwezi zimbini izimo kunye nokungafani kokucinga nokuziphatha ezizimeleyo kwimeko nganye.
Ukukhathazeka ngokuqhelekileyo Ukuxhalabisa (GAD) nxamnye neNtlalo yokuxhalabisa ngeNtlalo (SAD)
Nangona kukho utshintsho olwenziweyo olwenziwe kwi-classification of disturbing disorders kunye nokupapashwa kwenkcazelo yesihlanu ye- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (DSM-5 esifutshane), ingxaki yokukhathazeka kwentlalo (ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yi-social phobia) kunye neengxaki zokuxhalabisa (GAD) ) baqhubeke behlala phakathi kwoluhlu olufanayo lokuxilonga.
Nangona kunjalo, nangona babelana ngezinye iinkalo, i-GAD kunye neengxaki zengxwaba yentlalo (SAD) ziinkathazo ezahlukileyo.
Iimpawu ezabelwana ngazo - Ukufana phakathi kwe-GAD ne-SAD
Zombili ze-GAD kunye ne-SAD zibonakaliswe ngokuxhalaba okuqhubekayo okugqithisileyo okanye okungafaniyo nongozi. Kuthetha ntoni 'isongelo.' Noko ke, ihluke phakathi kwezi zibini (jonga ngezantsi.) Abantu abaneengxaki zokuxhalaba kwintlalo ngamanye amaxesha bafumana iimpawu zomzimba ezinxulumene nokuxhalaba kwabo, njengaye abo abane-GAD. Ukucinga ngokucetyiswayo-kwiimeko ezininzi eziphazamisayo (ukucinga izinto ezimbi kakhulu) -ziphambili zombini iintlobo zokuphazamiseka kwezixhala.
I-GAD ne-SAD inokuthi iqhutyane kunye, kwaye nokuba neyodwa kwezi meko kwandisa amathuba okuba umntu abe nokudakumba okanye ezinye iingxaki ezixhalabisayo ezifana neengxaki zokuxinzelela emva kokuphazamiseka kwengxaki okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki.
Ulwahlukileyo ekucingeni phakathi kwe-GAD kunye neNtlalo yokuxhalabisa
Nangona iintlobo zeengcamango zengcamango zingafana, yile cinga umxholo ohlula i-GAD kwimiba yokuxhalabisa abantu.
Abantu abane-GAD banokukhathazeka malunga neendidi zezihloko. Imiba enokuthi ibe yimiba ebalulekileyo yempilo-njengempilo okanye iimali-kodwa zibaninzi malunga nokunyanzeliswa kwemihla ngemihla abanye abangayithandi ukuba bangayiqondi. Iinkxalabo zentlalo aziqhelekanga kulabo abane-GAD; Nangona kunjalo, ukugxila kwabo kugxininisekile malunga nobudlelwane obuqhubekayo kunokuba noyiko lovavanyo.
Ngokomzekelo, umfana oseleGAD unokukhathazeka ngokungaqondakaliyo malunga neempembelelo zokulwa nentombi yakhe. Unina one-GAD unokukhathazeka ngokukrakra nokuba ngaba wenza isigqibo 'sokunene' sokuba umntwana wakhe atshintshe izikolo kwaye ukuba intombi yakhe iya kuba neenguqu elula.
Ngaphandle kolunye uhlangothi, abantu abanenkinga yokuxhalaba kwintlalo, bahlala bexhala malunga nokuhlangana nabantu abatsha, ukubonwa, nokuqhuba phambi kwabanye (umzekelo, ukuthetha eklasini okanye ukudlala isixhobo kwiqela). ngokuvavanya kakubi kunye nokukhanyela. Ngokomzekelo, umntu onenkinga yokuxhalaba kwintlalo unokuba nobunzima ukuqala ingxoxo emsebenzini ovuyayo iyure ngenxa yokwesaba ukuba uya kubonakala exhalabile, athi "into eyathayiyo," aze ahlekiswe ngabalingane bakhe. Umfazi ongatshatangayo onokukhathazeka kwentlalo unokuphephelela ukuthandana ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yokuxhalabisa ngokuhlazisa okanye ukuhlazisa ngosuku.
Umtya oqhelekileyo apha, kwakhona, ngumlinganiselo wexhala lokukhathazeka ochaphazela amandla omntu wokuhlakulela okanye ukugcina ubudlelwane, ukuzalisekisa uxanduva lwakhe, kunye nokuhlangabezana nomntu wakhe kunye nobuchule bakhe.
Ukwahlukana kokuziphatha phakathi kwe-GAD kunye neNtlalo yokuxhalabisa
Njengoko ezinye iinkalo zomjikelezo wokuxhalabisa-iingcamango kunye neengcamango-zihamba, kulandela ukuba ukungafani kokuziphatha phakathi kwe-GAD kunye neengxaki zokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle.
Ezi zombini iimeko zibonakaliswa ngokuphezulu okukhuselekileyo, kodwa isizathu esiphezulu sokuphepha sinokuthi sihluke. Masithi indoda ibiza abantu abagulayo ngomhla wokunikezelwa komsebenzi. Ukuba le ndoda i-GAD, inokuthi iphephe intlanganiso ngenxa yokwesaba ukuba ayizange ibeke umgudu okwaneleyo ekulungiseleleni intetho yakhe kwaye ayiyi kuze iphele ixesha. Ukuba lo mntu unenkxalabo yokukhathazeka kwentlalo, unokuphephelela intlanganiso ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ukuba akukho mntu uya kuthanda iimbono zakhe okanye ukuba abanye baqaphele ukuba uyazikhupha ngelixa ethetha.
Uphuhliso noPhuculo oluPhuhliso kwiNkcazo yokuPhila
Umyinge weminyaka yobudala kudala kwi-GAD kunengxaki yokuxhalaba kwintlalo, iminyaka engama-31 yowokuqala kunye neminyaka eyi-13 yokugqibela.
Oko kwathiwa, abo abane-GAD kaninzi banempawu ngaphambi kokuba bafune unyango.
Abaxinzelelo bebuntutsha kunye nokukhula kwabantu abadala, xa abantu bafumana ukutshintshwa kweentlalo ezininzi (umzekelo, izikolo, ubuhlobo, okanye ubudlelwane obusondelene), kunokunyusa impawu zokuxhalabisa abantu. Iimbopheleleko zabantu abadala (umzekelo, iimali, umzali, okanye izigqibo zomsebenzi) zingakhuphula iimpawu ze-GAD.
Kubantu abadala, umxholo wokukhathazeka kunye nokuziphatha okuchaphazelekayo unokutshintsha kancane. Umzekelo, abantu asebekhulile abanenkinga yokuxhalaba kwintlalo banokuxhalabisa kunye neentloni malunga nokubonakala okanye ukuphazamiseka (umzekelo ukuva ukuva okanye ukunyakaza okukhulu) okubangela ukuba bagweme okanye bancitshise intsebenziswano yoluntu. Ukunikezelwa kwe-GAD kubantu abadala abadala ( eziqhelekileyo izixinzelelo ezixhalabisayo kweli qela leminyaka ) zibonakaliswa ngokubonakalisa iimpawu zomzimba ngokulula kunempawu zeengqondo. Kamva ebomini, abantu abane-GAD banokukwazi ukufumana ingxaki engalawulekiyo malunga nempilo yamalungu entsapho okanye impilo yabo.
Ngaba Ingaba ii-Co-Occur iingxaki?
Akuqhelekanga kubantu ngabanye abane-GAD ukuhlangabezana nemigqaliselo yesinye isifo sengqondo seengqondo ngexesha lokuphila kwabo, okanye kwangexesha elifanayo. Ingxaki ekhoyo ngokuqhelekileyo yinkxalabo . Nangona kunjalo, i-subset enkulu yabantu bajamelana ne-GAD echaphazelekayo kunye nokukhathazeka kweentlalo. I-GAD kunye ne-post-traumatic disorder stress (PTSD) iphinda iqhutyane kunye.
Ngethamsanqa, unyango lwe-GAD kunye neengxaki zokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle. Uninzi lwamachiza luncedo kwezo zombini iingxaki. I-psychotherapy yokuziphatha yengqondo yinkcazo ye-first-line ye-psychotherapy kule miqathango; Olu hlobo lonyango lunceda umntu ukuba ahlangabezane neengxaki ekucingeni nasekupheliseni ukuziphatha okukhuselekileyo kunokwenzeka.
Ngaphantsi kwindlela efana ngayo kunye nokwahlukana phakathi koxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lokuxhalabisa kunye nokukhathazeka kweNtlalo
Nangona i-GAD ne-SAD yabelana ngesimo soxhala, bahluke kwingcamango yengcamango enxulumene nokuxhala kunye nezizathu eziphathekayo ezibangelwa yi-disorder. Zombini iimeko zinokunciphisa kakhulu umgangatho wobomi, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba abantu abanezimo bafune unyango. Bobabini i-psychotherapy kunye namayeza kunokunciphisa iimpawu ezingenakunqweneleka kwaye zivumele abantu baphile ubomi babo ngokubanzi ngokusemandleni.
> Imithombo
- > I-American Psychiatric Association. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (Intetho yesihlanu). IWashington, DC: Umbutho wama-American Psychiatric; 2013.
- > Castonguay, L., kunye ne-T. Oltmans (eds). Ukukhathazeka okuqhelekileyo. 2013. eNew York, NY: I-Guilford Press.
- > Ruscio, A., Hallion, L., Lim, C. et al. Ukuqhathaniswa kweSigqeba-sigaba se-Epidemiology ye-DSM-5 Ingxaki yokuHlabalala ngokubanzi kwi-Globe. JAMA Psychiatry . 2017. 74 (5): 465-475.