Inkcazo yoQeqesho lweZakhono zoLuntu
Uqeqesho lwezakhono zentlalo (SST) luhlobo lonyango lokuziphatha olusetyenziswa ukuphucula izakhono zentlalo kubantu abaneengxaki zengqondo okanye ukukhubazeka. I-SST ingasetyenziselwa ootitshala, iiphrothera, okanye abanye abaqeqeshi ukuba bancede abo banenkinga yokuxhalaba, ukukhathazeka kwemizwelo, ukuphazamiseka komntu kunye nezinye izifo.
Ikhutshwa ngabanye okanye kwifomathi yeqela, ngokuqhelekileyo kanye kanye okanye kabini ngeveki, kwaye isetyenziswa rhoqo njengenxalenye enye yenkqubo yokwelapha ehlangeneyo.
Ukukhathazeka kweNtlalo
Ukuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle kunokuchaphazela izakhono zentlalo ngezindlela ezahlukeneyo. Abantu abanenkinga yokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle (SAD) abanamathuba amaninzi okubandakanyeka ekusebenzisaneni kwezentlalo, banike ithuba elincinane lokwakha izakhono nokufumana ithemba.
I-SAD ingaba nefuthe ngqo kwizenzo zentlalo kungakhathaliseki ukuba liphi izinga lobuchule. Ngokomzekelo, unokwazi ukuba ukubonana kwamehlo kubalulekile kodwa uzive ungakwazi ukuwugcina ngexesha lentetho ngenxa yokwesaba.
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Izinyathelo ezibalulekileyo zokujongana nokukhathazeka kweNtlalo kwiqela
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Indlela yokulibala iMemori engalunganga
I-SST iboniswe ukuba isebenze ekuphuculeni izakhono zentlalo kulabo abane-SAD kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni umcimbi woluntu. Ukuba kukho ulwaphulo lwezakhono, ungafunda indlela yokuphatha kakuhle intsebenziswano yoluntu.
Ukuba uxhalabuntlalo lweentlalo luye lugxininise ubuchule bakho bezenhlalakahle, ukuzisebenzisa kunye nokubonakaliswa ngexesha le-SST kunokukunceda ukuphucula ukuzithemba kwakho nokuzithemba nokunciphisa uxhalaba lwakho malunga neemeko zentlalo. Kulabo abaneengxaki zokuxhalabisa abantu, i-SST isoloko isetyenziswa ngokudibanisa namanye amachiza afana ne- ctnitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) okanye amayeza .
Iinkqubo zoQeqesho
I-SST ngokubanzi iqalisa ngokuvavanywa kwamanqanaba akho okwexeshana kunye nokukhubazeka.
Ingcali yakho ingakubuza ukuba yiyiphi intsebenziswano yentlalo ofumana inzima kakhulu okanye izakhono ozivelayo zinokuphuculwa. Injongo yale nkqubo kukuchonga iithagethi ezifanelekileyo zokuqeqeshwa kwezakhono zentlalo kwiimeko ezithile.
Xa kukho iinkalo ezithile ezijoliswe kuzo, iinjongo zokuphucula izakhono zentlalo ziyaziswa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, utshintsho lwenziwe kwindawo enye ngexesha ukwenzela ukuba ungaqiniseki. Iindlela ze-SST ziquka ezi zilandelayo:
- Imiyalelo yinkalo yezemfundo ye-SST equka ukufaniswa kweendlela ezifanelekileyo zokuziphatha kwezentlalo. Ingcali ingachaza isakhono esithile, ichaze indlela yokuyiqhuba ngayo, kwaye imodeli yokuziphatha. Izimo ezinzima ezifana nendlela yokuqhubela incoko zingaphulwa zibe ziincinci ezincinci njengokuzifaka, ukwenza intetho encinci, kwaye ushiye intetho. Iingcali ziza kuxoxwa ngeendlela zokuziphatha nezenzo ezingenanto.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwendlela yokuziphatha okanye indima yokudlala iquka ukuqhuba izakhono ezintsha ngexesha lotyando kwiimeko ezifanayo.
- Impendulo yokulungisa isetyenziselwa ukuphucula izakhono zentlalo ngexesha loqeqesho.
- Ukuqiniswa okufanelekileyo kusetshenziselwa ukuvuza ukuphucula izakhono zentlalo.
- Izabelo zeeveki zeeveki zinikezela ithuba lokusebenzisa izakhono zentlalo ngaphandle kwonyango.
Uphando no bungqina
Uphando malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-SST ekuphatheni i-SAD ibonisa ukuba isebenzayo nokuba yenziwe yedwa okanye enye indlela yokonyango. I-SST nayo iboniswe ukwandisa iziphumo zeqela le-CBT ye-SAD.
Ngokubanzi, i-SST iphumelele kakhulu xa isetyenziswe njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokhathalela eninzi ebandakanya izixhobo ezininzi. Ngoko ke, ukuba unenkxalabo enzulu yoluntu, uqeqesho lwezakhono zentlalo lunokuba luncedo kuwe-zombini kwezakhono zentlalo kunye nokuxhalaba malunga neemeko zentlalo.
Iindawo zoPhuhliso
Izakhono zentlalo yimiqobo yokwakha yentlalo. Ukuba u-SAD, usenakho ukuphulukana nokuphuhlisa ezinye zezi zakhono ezibalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, unokuhlala ufunda nabo kungakhathaliseki ubudala bakho.
Ukuqinisekiswa kukunceda uxoxe nabanye ngendlela elinganisa neemfuno zabantu bonke.
Ukuba unomdla wokumisela abanye, unokuziva ungonwabi xa uqala ukuzifakazela. Nangona kunjalo, ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuqinisekiswa kuya kunceda ukunciphisa ukuxhalabisa kwaye wenze ukuba wena kunye nabantu abakungeze bakhululeke ngakumbi.
- Indlela Yokufumana Eyona Ninzi Yokuqinisekisa
- Indlela Yokubuza Ngento Oyifunayo
- Indlela Yokuthi "Hayi"
Uqhagamshelwano olungabonakaliyo , nolwaziwa njengelwimi lomzimba, ludlala indima enkulu ekunxibelelaneni. Abantu abanenkinga yokuxhalaba kwintlalo banokuthi "bavaliwe" ulwimi lomzimba olubonakalisa kwabanye ukuba awunakufikeleleka okanye ungenasondelelo. Nangona oku kungumphumo wendalo wokuxhalaba, kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenze ekubeni neendlela ezininzi ezivulekileyo kunye nobungane.
- Indlela Yokungeneka Kakhulu
- Iilwimi zoLwimi lweeLwimi ezili-10 Uyakwenza
- Indlela Yokubonakala Ngakumbi Ukholo
- Ukuqonda iZiso zoBuso
Unxibelelwano lomlomo luyinye isakhono. Ubugcisa bencoko bungafana ne-puzzle xa unengxaki yokuxhalaba kwentlalo. Mhlawumbi unenkathazo ukwazi oko unokuthetha okanye uzive ungakhululekile ukuthetha ngawe.
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Iingcebiso ezili-10 zokufumana uLwimi lweZiko elithengekayo
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10 Iingcebiso ezilungileyo kakhulu zoLwimi lweeNkohlakalo zoLwimi
Kodwa, iingxoxo zisisiseko sokwakha ubudlelwane kunye nokwazi indlela yokuhamba kakuhle kuzo kukunceda uqhelane nalabo abakujikelezile.
- Iingcebiso Zengxoxo
- Imixholo emihle yeNtetho encinci
- Izihloko ezili-10 zokuPhepha ngexesha leNtetho encinci
- Indlela Yokujoyina Ingxoxo
- Indlela Yokushiya Ingxoxo
- Indlela yokwenza iNgcaciso : Iingcaciso zindlela yokwenza abantu bazive bekhululekile. Enoba ubizwa ukuba uvelise okanye uqaliswa, kubalulekile ukwazi imithetho yale ntlalo. Ukwazi ukwazi ukuzithemba ngokuzithemba kuyiluncedo oluntu luncedo kakhulu.
- Indlela yokuziphulaphula ngokukhawuleza : Ukuphulaphula ngokunyanisekileyo kubandakanya ukunikela ingqalelo, ukubuza imibuzo, nokucinga ngento umntu athethayo. Xa uqhuba ukuphulaphula ngokukhawuleza, omnye umntu kwingxoxo uvakalelwa. Ukuba uhlangabezana ne-SAD, ukuphulaphula ngokukhawuleza kunokukunceda ukuba ugxininise ngakumbi kwabanye kwaye ungaphantsi kwakho.
- Indlela yokufumana ngaphezu kweFowuni yeFowuni : Nangona ifowuni iyinxalenye yoqhagamshelwano, ineziganeko zayo ezinokubangela ukuba kunzima kulabo abanenkinga yokuxhalabisa abantu. Usenokuba noyika ukuphendula ifowuni, yenza iifowuni, okanye urekhode ilizwi lokubulisa. Ukuba unesiphelo sokusebenzisa ifowuni, kukho iinombolo kunye neengcebiso ongayisebenzisa ukuze unqobe ukwesaba kwakho. Ukongezelela, unokwenza ulwaphulo lwezonyango ngokwakho ukuzithintela ngokuzenzekelayo ukusebenzisa ifowuni.
- Indlela yokwamkela iincomelo kunye nendlela yokunika izibongozo: Ukuba uhlala kunye ne-SAD, mhlawumbi unenkathazo yokwamkela ukuncoma kwaye unganakho ukunika ukuncoma ngokulula. Ukufunda ezi zakhono zentlalo kubalulekile. Ukuncoma yindlela yokuqalisa nokuqinisa ubudlelwane. Baye baqala ukuxoxa nabaqalayo kunye nendlela enhle yokubonisa ukubonga kwabanye.
ILizwi
Ukwakha nokuphucula kwizakhono zakho zentlalo kubaluleke kakhulu kwindlela yokhathazeka kwengxaki yokuxhalabisa abantu kwaye kubalulekile ukuthetha ngokubhetele kwiimeko zoluntu. Ukuba ufumene unqongophala ubunzima bezentlalo, khuluma neengcali zonyango malunga noqeqesho okanye ezinye iindlela zokuphucula ubuchule bakho.
Ukuba ungakhange ufumane i-SAD , isinyathelo sokuqala kukutyelela ugqirha wakho. Ukusuka apho, unokusebenzisana kunye nokuyila isicwangciso sonyango esihlangabezana neemfuno zakho.
Imithombo
I-Beidel DC, u-Alfano CA, uKofler MJ, uRao PA, uScharfstein L, Wong Sarver N. Impembelelo yoqeqesho lwezentlalo zengxaki yokukhathazeka kwentlalo: ityala elilawulwa ngokungenamthetho. Ixhalaba. 2014 Dec; 28 (8): 908-18.
I-Encyclopedia yeMental Disorders. Uqeqesho lwezentlalo. Kufumaneka ngoJulayi 26, 2016.
UGreene JO, uBurleson GR. Incwadi yokunxibelelana kunye nezentlalo zokusebenzisana kwezakhono. INew Jersey: uLawrence Earlbaum; 2003.
UHerbert JD, uGaudiano BA, uRheingold AA, Myers VH, i-Dalrymple K, i-Nolan EM. Uqeqesho lwezakhono zentlalo luye lwabangela ukuphumelela kwengxaki yokuziphatha kwengqondo yokuziphatha kwengxaki yoluntu. Unyango lwezonyango. 2005; 36: 125-138.
Scaini S, Belotti R, Ogliari A, Battaglia M Uhlalutyo olubanzi lweendlela zokuncedisa ukukhathazeka kwentlalo kubantwana kunye nentsha. Ixhalaba . 2016; 42: 105-112.