Yiyiphi indima echaphazela iimpawu zendalo kunye nokusingqongileyo ekuqaliseni i-intelligence? Lo mbuzo ungomnye wezihloko eziphikisana kakhulu kwiimbali zengqondo kunye nokuhlala isicatshulwa sempikiswano kuze kube namhlanje.
Ukongezelela ukungavumelani malunga nesiseko esisiseko seengcaphephe, iingqondo zengqondo ziye zachitha ixesha elininzi kunye namandla okuxubusha iimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo kwiinkcukacha zengqondo.
Ingxoxo ijolise ngenye yemibuzo ebalulekileyo kwingqondo: Yiyiphi ebaluleke kakhulu - uhlobo okanye ukunyusa ?
I-Genetics kunye noBulumko: Yiyiphi idlala indima enkulu ekunqumeni ubulumko?
Namhlanje, izazi zengqondo ziyaqaphela ukuba zombini i-genetics kunye nendalo ibambe indima ekuqaliseni i-intelligence.
Ngoku iba ngumba wokumisela ngqo ukuba unempembelelo ngayiphi into. Izifundo ze-Twin zibonisa ukuba phakathi kwama-40 no-80 ekhulwini kwimihluko e-IQ idibaniswa nemfuza, iphakamisa ukuba i-genetics ingadlala indima enkulu kunemeko yokusingqongileyo ekuqaliseni i-IQ nganye.
Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqaphele ngokuphathelele i-genetics yengqondo kukuba ayilawulwa yinto enye "ye-gene gene". Esikhundleni salo, kuba ngumphumo wokusebenzisana okunzima phakathi kwamajeni amaninzi.
Emva koko, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i- genetics kunye nokusingqongileyo kudibanisa ukuchonga ngokucacileyo ukuba izakhi zegesi ezizuzwe njengefa zibonakaliswe njani.
Umzekelo, ukuba umntu unomzali omude, mhlawumbi umntu uya kukhula ukuba abe mde. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphakama ngokuthe ngqo komntu kufinyelelekayo kunokuchaphazelwa yimimandla engqongileyo ezifana nesondlo kunye nezifo.
Umntwana unokuzalwa wazala i-gene ukuze ukhanyise, kodwa ukuba loo mntwana akhula kwindawo engabikhoyo apho engenasondlo kwaye engenako ukufikelela kumathuba emfundo, akanako ukubeka amanqaku kakuhle kwiimilinganiselo ze-IQ.
Ubu bungqina beeMpawu zoGenesis
- Izifundo ze-Twin zibonisa ukuba amawele angama-IQ afanayo afana nalawo amawele omzalwana (uPlomin & Spinath, 2004).
- Abantakwabo bakhuliswa ndawonye kwikhaya elifanayo banee-IQ ezifanayo kakhulu kunezo zabantwana abakhethiweyo abaphakanyiswe ndawonye kwindawo enye (McGue & others, 1993).
Ukongezelela kwiimpawu ezizuze njengefa, ezinye izinto eziphilayo ezifana nobudala bomntwana, ukukhulelwa kwangaphambi kokubeleka kwezinto ezinobungozi kunye nokungondleki kokubeleka kungaphinda kuthintele ingqondo.
Ubu bungqina beZingqongileyo
- Amawele athile ahlukeneyo anamaqela e-IQ awancinci kunamawele afanayo aphakanyiswe kwindawo enye (McGue & others, 1993).
- Ukuya esikolweni kunempembelelo kwizikolo ze-IQ (Oku, 2001).
- Abantwana abancinciweyo kwiinyanga zokuqala ezintathu ukuya ezintlanu zobomi bemilinganiselo ephakamileyo kwiimvavanyo ze-IQ kwiminyaka engama-6 ubudala kunabantwana abaneminyaka engama-6 abangazange banamabele (i-Kramer kunye nabanye, 2008).
Ngoko ke zeziphi iimpembelelo ezingqongileyo ezinokuthi zilandele ukuhlukahluka kobunzima? Izinto ezifana neentsapho, imfundo, ukuphucula iindawo zentlalo, kunye neentanga zontanga ziye zadibana nokungafani kwe-IQ. Ngokomzekelo, uphando lufumene ukuba abantwana bokuqala bavame ukuba ne-IQ eziphezulu kunezizukulwane ezizalwe emva koko.
Ngoba? Iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba oku kuba abantwana bokuqala bafumana ingqalelo ngakumbi kubazali. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abazali balindele ukuba abantwana abadala bakwazi ukwenza ngcono kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ngoxa abantakwabo abazalwa emva koko bajamelana nokulindela okuncinane.
Imithombo:
Oku, S. (2001). Ubulumko: Inyaniso Eyamangalisa. I-Psychology namhlanje, 34 (4 ), 46.
Kramer, MS, malunga, F., Mironeva, E., Vanilovich, I., Platt, RW, Matush, L., ... Shapiro, S. (2008). IiNgcaciso zeeNgcaciso zengqondo, 65 (5), 578-584. i-doi: 10.1001 / archpsyc.65.5.578.
McGrue, M., Bouchard, TJ, Iacono, WG, & Lykken, DT (1993). I-Genetics yoBomi beZakhono zeCognitive: I-Life-Span Perspective. Ku-R. Plomin no-GE McClearn (u-Ed.), Uhlobo, ukuLondolozwa, kunye neNzululwazi. IWashington, DC: uMbutho wezeNgqondo waseMerika.
Plomin, R., & Spinath, FM (2004). Ubulumko: i-Genetics, iGenesis, neGenomics. I-Journal of Personality and Psychology, 86 (1) , 112-129.