Ukuxilongwa ngokusekelwe kwimiqathango ethile yokudibana nayo
Inkxalabo yokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle (SAD) , eyaziwa ngokuba yi-social phobia, ichazwa njengento eqhubekayo yokwenza izinto ezithile kuluntu (njengokuthetha okanye ukwenza) okanye ukujikeleza abantu ngokubanzi. Ukunikezelwa ngokubanzi kwenkcazo, kunokuba kubonakala kunzima ukuchonga ukuba ngubani na onayo ingxaki kwaye ufuna unyango.
Ingaba kukho umda ocacileyo phakathi komntu oye waba ne-SAD kunye nomntu onokubuhlungu?
Indlela yokuxilongwa ngayo
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle akunakwenziwa kunye naluphina uvavanyo lovavanyo okanye ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Njengokuba kukho konke ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuxilongwa kuxhomekeke ekubeni umntu uhlangabezana nemigangatho ethile emiselweyo eyenziwe yi-American Psychiatric Association (APA).
Kule ndlela, ingcali yezempilo yengqondo iya kubhekisela kwincwadi ebizwa ngokuba yiNcwadana yokuCatshulwa neSatisatisti yeengxaki zeNgqondo ezipapashwe yi-APA. Okwangoku, kwi-edition yesihlanu, ibizwa ngokuba yi-DSM-5 okanye i-DSM-V.
Ukuchonga i-SAD
Inkqubo yokuxilongwa iza kuqala ukuhlaziywa kwimbali yengqondo yengqondo kunye nodliwano-ndlebe ukuze kuhlolwe iingcamango zomntu kunye namava.
Ngokubhekisele kwi-SAD, injongo yovavanyo iya kuba kukujonga ukuba ukwesaba kunzima kakhulu ukuphazamisana nomsebenzi womntu wansuku zonke, umsebenzi wesikolo, umsebenzi, okanye ubudlelwane.
Phakathi kwezinye zezinto eziphambili ezichazwe kwi-DSM-5:
- Umntu uya kuba noloyiko olukhulu kwaye oluqhubekayo lweemeko zentlalo (okanye intsebenzo) kwaye uya kuba noloyiko lokuhlazeka okanye ukuthotywa
- Kuza kubakho phantse iimpawu zomzimba zokuxhalaba okanye ukuhlaselwa koyika.
- Umntu uya kuqonda ukuba ukwesaba akunangqiqo kodwa akakwazi ukuwuyeka.
- Umntu uya kuphesela iimeko ezinoyiko okanye azinyamezele ngokuxhalabisa okukhulu.
- Iimpawu ziya kuqhubeka zingaphi iinyanga ezintandathu.
Ukwenza ukuxilongwa ngokucacileyo, ubuchule bokuvavanya kuyakufuneka ukulawula zonke ezinye izizathu ezibangelwa zezi zimpawu, kubandakanya imithi, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ukuphazamiseka kwemizimba (njengesifo sika-Parkinson okanye ukugula komzimba) kunye nezinye izimo zengqondo (ezifana ne- bipolar disorder okanye i- schizophrenia ) . Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuhlula i-SAD kwezinye iimeko ezixhalabisayo ezifana neengxaki zokuphazamiseka .
Kwezinye iimeko, i-SAD inokubambisana kunye nezinye iimeko zengqondo kubandakanya ukuxinezeleka, ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokunyanzelisa (OCD) , kunye nesifo sengxaki yokuxinwa kwengxaki (post-traumatic disorder disorder) (PTSD) .
Nangona inkqubo ingabonakala ingezantsi, ukuxilongwa kwe-SAD yinyani ngakumbi kunokuba abanye bacinga ukuba bacinge. Kukho imimandla eyimimandla efuna iinguqulelo (kwaye, ngoko kunjalo, idala amandla okungaqondakali), kodwa, inxalenye enkulu, i-DSM-5 inika isikhokelo esomeleleyo esinokuyifumanisa.
Ufuna Uncedo
Ukuba unenkxalabo yokuba unobungozi obunzima bokukhathazeka kweentlalo, thetha kunye nentsapho yakho kwaye ucele ukuthunyelwa kwi-professional health professional kwingingqi yakho.
Ngaphambi kwentlanganiso, bhala amanqaku malunga naziphi na iziganeko okanye amava anokubangela ukuba uxinzelelo olubi kakhulu lwentlalo, kungakhathaliseki phakathi kwabaqhelana nabo, emsebenzini okanye naphandle kuluntu jikelele. Zama ukuqhathanisa ukulandelana kweziganeko ezinokubakho. Ingcaciso eyongezelelekileyo enokukwazi ukubonelela ngayo, ngokuthe xa kunjalo ukuxilongwa kunokufumana okanye kungabandakanywa.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association I-DSM-5 Task Force. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities: I-DSM-5. Arlington, eVirginia; papashwa ngoMeyi 18, 2013.
> Heimberg, R .; Hofmann, S .; Liebowitz, M. et al. "Ukukhathazeka Kwezenhlalakahle Zentlalo kwi-DSM-5." Ukuxinezeleka nokuxhalabisa . 2014; 31 (6): 472-479.