Ziyintoni Iingonyango Zengxaki Yokukhathazeka Kwezenhlalakahle?

Ubume bemiSebenzi yeZonyango zokuxhalabisa kweNtlalo

Unyango lweengxaki zokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle (SAD) kuxhomekeke ekuqinikeleni kwempawu zakho zomzwelo kunye neempawu kunye nendlela osebenza ngayo imihla ngemihla.

Ubude bonyango buyehluka. Abanye abantu banokuphendula ngokufanelekileyo kunyango lokuqala kwaye bangabi nantoni na ngakumbi, ngelixa abanye bangadinga uhlobo lenkxaso kulo lonke ubomi babo.

Bobabini amayeza kunye neyeza ziye zaboniswa ngempumelelo ekuphatheni i-SAD.

Ingxaki yokuxhatshazwa kwezenhlalakahle eziqhelekileyo iphendula ngokufanelekileyo ekudibeneyo kwamachiza kunye nonyango, ngelixa unyango lodwa ludla ngokwaneleyo kwi-SAD ethile. Ngezantsi kunenkcazelo yonyango oluphambili lwe-SAD.

Iimpawu zokuxhalabisa ngeNtlalo

Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezimiselwe ukuphatha iSAD. Ngamnye unamathuba ayo kunye neentsikelelo kuye kuxhomekeke kwimeko ethile.

• Benzodiazepines

  I-Benzodiazepines zizolazo ezinokuthi zithinte okanye zinciphise iimpawu zokuxhalabisa. Zineempembelelo ezininzi kwiingqondo eziqhelekileyo. Eminye imizekelo yegama lomenzi we-benzodiazepines zilandelayo:

  • Xanax
  • Ativan
  • Valium
  • Klonopin

  Nangona i-fast-acting and tolerance-tolerated, i-benzodiazepines inokuthi ibe ngumkhwa kwaye ayifanele ibekwe kumntu onenkinga yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Eli nqanaba lala mayeza alithathwa njengoluhlu lokuqala lokunyangwa kwengxaki yokuxhalabisa abantu.

• Beta Blockers

  Iibet blockers yindlela yamayeza angathathwa ngomlomo kwiiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba usebenze ukunciphisa iimpawu zokuxhalaba ezifana nentlawulo yeentliziyo ezikhawuleza, ukuthungca izandla kunye "neengqungquthela zesisu". Iibet blockers zibhekwa njengendlela engcono kunokuba i-benzodiazepines kwiimeko zokusebenza kuba abanalo miphumo emibi ekubukhali kwengqondo. Amanye amagama egama lohlobo lwegama beta lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

  • Inderal
  • Tenormin

• I-Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

  Kuze kube kutshanje, ii-MAOI zacatshangelwa intsapho efanelekileyo kakhulu yeyeza kumayeza. Nangona kunjalo, eli klasi lamachiza linokuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu. Ngenxa yemingcipheko enxulumene nee-MAOI, ngokuqhelekileyo ayinakucingwa ukuba unyango lweengxaki zengxakini yentlalo ngaphandle kokuba ezinye iyeza zingakhange zibe luncedo, okanye ezinye izizathu zibonisa ukusebenzisa le klasi yamachiza . Nazi ezinye igama legama le-MAOI:

  • UNardil
  • Parnate
  • Marplan
• I-Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (i-SSRIs)

  I-SSRI ibe yinto ekhethiweyo yamachiza ekuphatheni i-SAD. I-SSRI ikhethwa ngenxa yokuba iziphumo zecala zixhomekeke kakuhle kwaye amayeza ngokuqhelekileyo akwazi ukukhupha nokubeka iliso. Eminye imizekelo yegama legama le-SSRI liquka oku kulandelayo:

  • Celexa
  • Paxil
  • Prozac
  • Lexapro
  • Luvox
  • Zoloft
• I-Serotonin ekhethiweyo i-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (i-SNRIs)

  I-SNRIs yiqela lama- antidepressants asetyenziselwa kunyango lwexhala , ukuxinezeleka kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nazo . I-SNRIs isenzo kokubili i-serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrin ebuchosheni; i-norepinephrin iye yaxhunyaniswa namandla kunye nokuqapha. Ngezantsi uluhlu lwe-SNRIs. U-Exexor kuphela uvunyiwe ukuba unyango lwengxaki yokuxhalabisa abantu.

  • Effexor
  • Serzone
  • Cymbalta
  • Pristiq

• Amanye amayeza e-SAD

  Kukho amanye amachiza athile asetyenziswa ngaphandle kwileyibhile yokukhathazeka kwengxaki yoluntu engangeni kwiiklasi ezingentla. Ezinye imizekelo ziquka:

  • Vistaril
  • BuSpar

Unyango lweCognitive-Behavioral (CBT)

I-CBT yindlela ye- psychotherapy eyenzelwe ukuguqula iingcamango zakho kunye nokuziphatha ukuze uphumelele kakuhle iimvakalelo zakho. Izindlela ezintathu eziphambili zengqondo-zokuziphatha eziye zaboniswa ukunceda ukuphathwa kwe-SAD-exposure, ukulungiswa kwengqondo kunye nokuqeqeshwa kwezakhono zentlalo.

• Ukuboniswa

  Ukubonakaliswa kungenzeka nokuba ucinga ngokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo okanye imeko yentlalo , okanye kwi-vivo . Ukuba unenkxalabo enkulu yokukhathazeka kwezenhlalakahle, ingcali yakho inokuqala ngokucacisa ukugqithisa kwaye ekugqibeleni iqhubekele phambili kwi-vivo. Umgaqo osisiseko sonyango lokunyanga kukuba ngowokusebenza kunye namava, uya kuba ukhululekile kwiimeko apho uya kuziphepha.

  Ngezantsi zizinto ezithile zokuzibandakanya ozenzayo:

  • Ukuboniswa kokutya ukwesaba
  • Ukuboniswa kwintloni ye-bladder syndrome
  • Ukuvezwa kwesofowuni

• Ukulungiswa kwakhona kwengqondo

  Ukuhlengahlengiswa kwengcamango kugxile kwiimpawu zeengcamango ze-SAD: iingcinga ezizimbi, ukwesaba ukuvavanywa kakubi ngabanye kunye neengcamango ezingalunganga (ezibonisa iziphumo ezintle kumathuba kunye neziphumo ezingalunganga kwiimpazamo zakho).

  Ukulungiswa kwengcamango kubandakanya uchungechunge lwezifundo ezilungiselelwe ukuchonga iingcamango ezingekho phantsi , ukuvavanya ukuba zinyani, kwaye zakha ezinye iingcamango ukujongana nengcamango yokuqala. Ukulungiswa kwengcamango kubalulekile ukuba unyango lwengxaki yokuxhalabisa abantu ngenxa yenkxalabo eqinileyo yokukhathazeka kunye nenkqubo yokuphila engapheliyo.

• Uqeqesho lwezentlalo

  Uqeqesho lwezakhono zentlalo lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo okunjengomzekelo, ukuhlaziya nokudlala indima eyenzelwe ukunceda abantu bafunde ukuziphatha okufanelekileyo kwaye banciphise uxinzelelo kwiimeko zoluntu . Akuyena wonke umntu oya kufuna ukuqeqeshwa kwezakhono zentlalo njengenxalenye yonyango lwabo. Ezi zifundo zenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo abantu abaneengxaki ezingundoqo ekusebenzisaneni kwentlalo ngasentla nangaphandle kokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle . Ngezantsi ziindawo ezithile ezingabhekiselwa ekuqeqesheni izakhono zentlalo:

  • Uqhagamshelo lamehlo
  • Ingxoxo
  • Ukuqinisekiswa
  • Ifowuni

Ezinye i-Psychotherapies

I-Psychodynamic yonyango , apho umgqirha usebenza ukwenza ukuba umntu abe nempembelelo yakhe ukuze asebenze ngayo, inceda abanye abantu abane-SAD. Iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanesisombululo esingaphendululwanga sokukhathazeka kwabo.

Ulwaphulo lwe-Psychodynamic lunokukunceda ukujongana neempembelelo ezinokubakho kwezigulane zokuphila kwangaphambili, kunye nokuba luncedo kwezinye iziganeko ukuhlola ukunyanzelwa kokutshintsha.

Ezinye unyango

Ezinye unyango lweengxaki zentlalo yoluntu ziquka izinto ezinjengezondlo zokutya, i-aromatherapy kunye ne-hypnotherapy. Uninzi unyango oluthile alubonakali kwenzululwazi ukuba lusebenze kunyango lwe-SAD. Ukongezelela, unyango oluthile alukwazi ukulawulwa ngokungqinelana neendlela eziqhelekileyo zonyango. Ngezantsi ezinye zonyango zonyango yokukhathazeka kwentlalo:

• Zondlo
• Aromatherapy
• Hypnotherapy

_Umthombo:

_{Hales, RE, & Yudofsky, SC (Ed.). (2003). I-American psychiatry yokushicilela incwadi yeengqondo zonyango. I-Washington, DC: i-American Psychiatric.}