Ukuqonda ukusilela kwengqalelo / ukungabikho kwempilo
Ingqalelo yokulahleka / ukuxhatshazwa kweengxaki (okubizwa ngokuba yi-ADD okanye i-ADHD-nangona i-ADHD isicatshulwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokwemigaqo-nkqubo) yimeko esekelwe kwi-neurologically ebonakalayo ngeengxaki ezinokuqwalaselwa, ukulawulwa kwefuthe kunye nokunyaniseka.
Iimpawu ze-ADHD ziphuhliswa ebuntwaneni kodwa zinokuqhubeka zisakhula kwaye zikhulile. Ngaphandle kokuchongwa okufanelekileyo kunye nonyango, i-ADHD ingaba nemiphumo emibi equka ukungafezeki okungapheliyo, ukungaphumeleli kwesikolo / ukusebenza, ubunxulumano obuyingxaki kunye nobunzima, ukunciphisa ukuzithemba kwaye kungabangela ingozi eyongeziweyo yokudakumba , ukuxhalabisa nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi.
Ngokutsho kweZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo zeNgqondo, i-ADH ichaphazela ukuqikelelwa kwe-3 ukuya kwe-5 ekhulwini yabantwana abasesikolweni nabantwana besikolo e-United States. Ukubeka ezi manani ngokubonakalayo, kwiklasi labafundi abangama-25 ukuya ku-30, mhlawumbi ubuncinane umfundi uya kuba ne-ADHD. Uninzi lwaba bantwana baya kuqhubeka befumana iimpawu ekufikeni kwentsha kunye nokudala.
Ipesenteji yabantwana abaxilongwa nge-ADHD ngumniki-nkonzo wabo wezempilo kuninzi, i-11 ekhulwini yabantwana abaneminyaka yesikolo ukususela ngo-2011, ngokwe-CDC.
Amakhwenkwe afunyaniswa ukuba aphindwe kathathu ngokuphindaphindiweyo njengamantombazana, nangona lo mdahluko kwisantya sokuxilongwa kwabesilisa kunye nabasetyhini kubonakala ukuba ukhulile kunye nabesilisa abadala kunye nabafazi abadala ukuba bafumane ingxaki elinganayo.
UkuFunda okuFanayo:
- I-Kids Outgrow ADHD?
- Ngaba Unokuphuhlisa i-ADHD njengoMdala?
- Ngaba kukho ukungafani phakathi kwe-ADD ne-ADHD?
Iimpawu
Iimpawu ze-ADHD zingabonisa ngokuhlukileyo kakhulu kumntu ukuya kumntu wonke.
Iindlela ezi mpawu zichaphazela ngayo umntu unokuqala ukusuka kumnxeba ukuya kumonakalo omkhulu. Ukunikezelwa kweempawu kuyahlukahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwiimeko zendawo. Kukho ezintathu zentsimi eziphambili ze-ADHD ezichongwa ngokuxhomekeke kwimpawu zomntu. Ukunikezelwa kwezi ngqamana akusiyo.
Ngamanye amagama, umntu unokunyuka ukusuka kwelinye i-subtype ukuya kwelinye kuye kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu eziphambili azibonisayo njengamanje.
Ngezantsi uluhlu lwamacandelo kunye neziphathamandla ezibonakalayo nganye.
Iincinci
I-ADHD: Uhlobo oluthile lokunakwa
- ehluleka ukunikela ingqwalaselo esondeleyo kwiinkcukacha, yenza iimpazamo ezingakhathali emsebenzini wesikolo, umsebenzi okanye ezinye izinto
- kulula ukuphazamiseka, kunzima ukubeka ingqalelo kwimisebenzi, ingakumbi kwimisebenzi ede kwaye iyanzima
- ayibonakali ukuphulaphula xa kuthethwa ngqo, ingahle ihambe, ingqondo yabo ibonakala kwenye indawo nangona engekho nayiphi na ukuphazamiseka
- kunzima ukulandela imiyalelo kunye nokugqiba umsebenzi wesikolo, imisebenzi, okanye imisebenzi kwindawo yokusebenzela
- kunzima kunye nentlangano
- ugwema okanye angathandi izinto ezifuna umzamo wengqondo
- soloko elahlekelwa izinto
- i soloko i libala
I-ADHD: Kuninzi uhlobo olungapheliyo-Uhlobo olungapheliyo
- amafidgethi ngezandla okanye ngeenyawo okanye ukuxhamla kwisihlalo
- Ngokuqhelekileyo ushiya esihlalweni kwigumbi okanye ekwezinye iimeko apho uhlala khona kulindeleke, unokuziva ukhululekile ngexesha lemisebenzi okanye imeko apho kuhlala khona kulindeleke
- ligijima okanye likhuphuke ngokwemeko kwiimeko ezingalunganga (kwintsholongwane kunye nabantu abadala bangagqithwa kwiimvakalelo zokungazinzi)
- kunzima ukubandakanya imisebenzi ngokuthula
- ngokuqhelekileyo "ekuhambeni" okanye enze njengokuthi "uqhutywe ngumqhubi," akahlali ehlaziyekile ixesha elide
- ukuthetha ngokugqithiseleyo, ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo
- Uqala ukwenza ngaphandle kokucinga, njengokuqala kwimisebenzi ngaphandle kokulungiswa okwaneleyo (umzekelo, phambi kokuphulaphula okanye ukufunda ngokulandelelana) okanye ukuphazamisa iimpendulo ngaphambi kokugqitywa kwemibuzo, i-hyper-active
- Ungonwabi ukwenza izinto ngokukhawuleza nangokucwangcisekileyo zihamba ngokukhawuleza ngemisebenzi
- kaninzi kunzima ukulinda ukuguquka, ukungapheliyo (oku kungaboniswa ngeemvakalelo zokungazinzi)
- ukuphazamisa okanye ukungeniswa kwabanye, ukukhangela kwiingxoxo okanye imidlalo
- Unokwenza izigqibo ezingenangqondo ngaphandle kokucinga ngemiphumo, ukungakwazi ukuyeka, ukucinga, ukuvimbela, ukucwangcisa uze wenze
I-ADHD: Udidi oludibeneyo
- idibana neendlela ezingenakunyameko nezingenakuchukumisa
Njengomntwana uhamba kwiminyaka yobutsha kunye nabantu abadala, iimpawu ezigqithiseleyo ze-ADHD zinganciphisa okanye zenzeke ngeendlela ezifihlakeleyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuxhatshazeka kunokutshintshwa ngeemvakalelo zokungazinzi okanye umntu angalwa nexesha lokuziyeka , iingxaki ngokulawula ixesha , ukungahambisani nokuthatha isigqibo , ukuthetha izinto ngaphandle kokucinga , kunye nobudlelwane bomtshato
Funda ngakumbi malunga:
Ukuxilongwa
Akukho "vavanyo" oluchanekileyo lwe-ADHD njengoko kukho ezinye iimeko zonyango ezifana nesifo sikashukela okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi. I-ADH ifunyaniswa ukuba isekelwe kwisethi ekhoyo yendlela yokuziphatha okanye iimpawu - iimpawu zokuxilonga - ezipapashwe yi-American Psychiatric Association kwiNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities . Iimpawu kufuneka zibe khona ngokunyaniseka kangangokuthi ziphazamisa kakhulu umntu ukuba asebenze imihla ngemihla kwizicwangciso zezenhlalakahle, zezifundo okanye ezisebenzayo. Iimpazamo kufuneka ziqhubeke, zenzeke ngexesha elithile, kwaye akufanele zibangelwe ezinye izinto okanye imeko ekhoyo. Ezinye iimpawu ezingabonakaliyo okanye iimpawu ezingabonakaliyo ezibangele ukukhubazeka kufuneka zibe khona ebuntwaneni. Funda kabanzi malunga nokuhlolwa kunye nokuxilongwa kwe-ADHD , kwakunye nokuvavanywa kwe-ADHD yabantu abadala .
U kufunda:
- Izinto Ezi-6 Okufuneka Uzazi Ukuba Umntwana Wakho Ufumene I-ADHD
- Izinto Ezintshumi Ezinganeni Zakho Zifuna Ukwazi Nge-ADHD
Izizathu
I-ADH ayibangelwa ngokutya ishukela, ukubukela umabonwakude okanye ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo, ukunyamezela okanye ukukhathazeka kokutya (nangona ezinye izizathu ezinokubangela ukuziphatha zibukeka zifana ne-ADHD), kwaye akusiyo imbangela yokungabikho komzali okanye ukungabi qeqesho. Nangona iinjongo ezipheleleyo ze-ADHD aziwazanga, uphando lubonise ukuba ububele kunye nemfuzo kubonakala ngathi budlala indima enkulu ekuphuhliseni i-ADHD. Funda kabanzi malunga nezizathu ze-ADHD .
Unyango
Akukho "ukulungisa ngokukhawuleza" okanye "ukunyanga" kwi-ADHD; Kunoko unyango lwe-ADHD lithetha ukuphunyezwa kwezicwangciso kunye namanyathelo okunceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-ADHD ngempumelelo. Unyango lwe-ADHD luquka imfundo yomntu kunye nentsapho yakhe malunga nohlobo lwe-ADHD kunye nolawulo lwayo; ukungenelela kokuziphatha okulungileyo kunye nokusebenzayo okunika isakhiwo , ukuvumelana, ukuqikelela, nokufundisa izakhono ezifanelekileyo; Uqeqesho lwabazali ukufundisa nokuxhasa iindlela eziphumelelayo zabazali zomntwana one-ADHD; kunye nokuguqulwa, inkxaso, kunye nokuhlala ukunyusa impumelelo esikolweni okanye emsebenzini .
Kubantwana abaninzi kunye nabantu abadala abane-ADHD, amayeza - xa echongwa ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo-nayo idibeneyo kwisicwangciso socwangciso olunzulu. Amachiza akaphilisi i-ADHD kodwa isoloko isinceda ekunciphiseni ezininzi iimpawu ezibangela ukuphazamiseka komntu kwaye zinokuphucula ukusebenza kwansuku zonke. Ukongezelela, uqeqesho lwe-ADHD , uqeqesho lwezakhono zentlalo, kunye ne-psychotherapy (ukujongana nayiphi na imiba yokuzithemba, ukuxinezeleka, uxhalaba, okanye ukungaboni ngaso lentsapho ngenxa ye-ADHD) kaninzi luyinxalenye yonyango.
I-ADH iyinkqubo enzima kwaye engapheliyo engabonakalisa ngokuhlukileyo kumntu kumntu, ngemingeni emitsha enokuvela kwinqanaba ngalinye lophuhliso lobomi kunye neempawu ezingabonakalisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo njengomntu oneminyaka. Ukuze unyango lube luncedo kakhulu, izicwangciso kufuneka zenziwe kumntu ngamnye. Ukuqonda iindlela ezahlukileyo ze-ADHD zichaphazela ubomi bomntu kunye nokuphuhlisa izicwangciso zolawulo olufanelekileyo yinkqubo esebenzayo kunye neyodwa. Le nkqubo ithatha ixesha kunye nohlaziyo oluqhubekayo kunye nokwenza i-tweaking ukuze kufumane iindlela zokonyango ezisebenza kakuhle kulowo mntu. Funda ngokubanzi nge- ADHD unyango.
UkuFunda okuFanayo:
- Imiqathango encedisayo malunga neMilisi
- Unyango lwabafazi abane-ADHD
- Yintoni iChnitive Behavioral Treatment?
Umthombo:
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual yeengxaki zeengqondo (Uhlobo lwesihlanu, Ukuhlaziywa kwembhalo) I-DSM-5 Washington, DC 2013
> Ukunqongophala kweengxaki zokuxhatshazwa kweengxaki (ADHD): I-ADHD ifunyanwe njani? - Impilo ye-PubMed - ilayibrari yesizwe yonyango - impilo ye-PubMed. Septemba 2015. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0079175/.
> Ukunqongophala kwengxaki yokuxhatshazwa kweengxaki (ADHD): Ubume-nkqubela - Impilo ye-PubMed - ilayibrari yesizwe yonyango - impilo ye-PubMed. Septemba 2015. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0079174/.
> CDC. Idatha & manani. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html.