Ngelixa i-ADHD yayingazange ihlale ihlonziwe, ifunyanwe, okanye iphathwe kangako njengoko ikhona ngoku, oogqirha bazi ngokwenene malunga ne-ADHD ixesha elithile.
Amagama kwi-ADHD
Abazange bahlale bebiza i- ADHD nangona kunjalo, endaweni yokusebenzisa amagama afana ne:
- ngqondweni
- umntwana owonakele ngengqondo
- ingxaki yokuxhamla
- i-hyperexcitability syndrome
- isifo somntwana esisisigxina
- isifo sengqondo esingumntwana
- ukuphendula ngokusesikweni kobuntwana
- ubuncinci bobuchopho
- izifo zengqondo
- umntwana oyikayo
- ingxaki yokukhathazeka
Kwanje, kukho ukudideka malunga nokuba uyibize i- ADD okanye i-ADHD .
Imbali ye-ADHD
Iingxelo zokuqala kwixesha le-ADH-like disorder date back to late-18th and Sir Alexander Crichton. Abanye baze bazame ukuthetha ukuba abantu abaninzi abadumileyo kunye nabalandeli beembali babengaba ne-ADHD, njengoMoart, uLeonardo da Vinci okanye uBen Franklin.
Ukusebenza kwi-ADHD kucingelwa ukuba kuqale ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, nangona kunjalo:
- Iinkcazo zokuqala zabantwana abaneempawu ze-ADHD zenziwa ekuqaleni kuka-1902 nguMongameli uGeorge Frederick Namanje kwaye bacinga ukuba '
- ngo-1908, u-Alfred F. Tredgold uchaza abantwana 'abanezinga eliphezulu' abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo eyabangela ukuba babe ne-ADHD-njengendlela yokuziphatha esikolweni
- uphando lupapashwe ngokusetyenziswa kukaBenedrine (i-amphetamine ehlengahlengayo) kubantwana abaneengxaki zokuziphatha ngo-1937 nguDkt. Charles Bradley, oye wafunda ngephutha ngeenzuzo ze-bencedrine xa ehambisa amayeza ukuba ancede abantwana abaneentloko ezinzima, kodwa bakuphawula bancedisa ukuziphatha kwabo nokusebenza kwesikolo
- Inkqubo yokuqala yeNgcaciso yeSifo kunye neSatistim of Disabilities (DSM) ishicilelwe yi-American Psychiatric Association (APA) ngowe-1952 kwaye ayiquki ukukhankanywa kwe-ADH-like disorder
- I-dispersion impulse disorder kuqala isetyenziswa ukuchaza abantwana abaneempawu ze-ADHD ngo-1957
- UHerbert Freed noCharles Peifer bafunda ukusetyenziswa kweTrazine (chlorpromazine) 'kwizingane ezinokukhathazeka ngokweengqondo' ngo-1957
- C. UKonners Conners ushicilela isifundo kwimiphumo yeRitalin (i-methylphenidate) 'kubantwana abaphazamiseka ngokomzwelo' ngo-1963
- Ngowe-1966, ubuncinane be-brain disysitive syndrome baba yinto eyaziwayo yokuchaza abantwana abaneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphazamiseka ekuboneni, ukucinga, ulwimi, imemori kunye nokulawulwa kwengqwalasela, umfutho, okanye umbane.
- Ngo-1967 no-1968, iNational Institute of Health mentals (NIMH) inika inani leemali kubaphandi ukuba bafunde ukuphumelela kwezinto ezikhuthaza abantwana abaneempawu ze-ADH
- Inkqubo yesibini yeNgcaciso yeSifo kunye neSatistim of Disabilities (DSM-II) ishicilelwe yi-APA ngowe-1968 kwaye ibandakanya iziphazamiso zokuphendula ngokusingqongileyo kwintsana okanye ebuntwaneni kunye nengqondo yengqondo yengqondo
- I-Conner's Rating Scale ishicilelwe nguC. Keith Conners ngo-1969, ekugqibeleni ekhokelela kwiinguqulo ezihlaziyiweyo ze-Conner's Rating Scales kubazali nootitshala
- Ngowe-1970, iWashington Post yashicilela ibali echaza indlela ama-5 ukuya kwe-10 ekhulwini kubo bonke abantwana besikolo e-Omaha, i-Nebraska befumana i-stimulants, njengoRitalin, ukulawula ukuziphatha kwabo, nangona i-statistics ibhekisela kubantwana kwiinkqubo ezikhethekileyo. Ibali lidala ingxabano malunga nokuxilongwa kwe-ADHD kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikhuthazayo, ingakumbi kuba kubonisa ukuba abazali abaninzi baphoqelelwa ukunyanga abantwana babo.
- UMthetho woKhuselo nokuLawulwa koPhathwa kakubi kweziyobisi zoLwabiwo-1970 wenza izikhuthazo, ezifana noRitalin (i-methylphenidate), imishanguzo yeShedyuli III kunye neShedyuli II imithi ngo-1971
- Icandelo 504 loMthetho wokuBuyiselwa kowe-1973 unokuvumela abafundi abane-ADHD abafanelekileyo ukufumana uncedo olongezelelweyo kunye neenkonzo ezikolweni ukubanceda baphumelele
- Intshukumo ye-anti-Ritalin yanda kakhulu ngowe-1975 njengoko iincwadi ezininzi zipapashwa ukunyusa inkolelo yokuba i-ADHD ayiyiyo i-diagnostic yangempela, yenziwe ngamakhamphani eziyobisi ukwenza imali, okanye ukuba ukuxhatshazwa kubangelwa kukutya kokutya kunye nezixhobo zokutya, njl njl. .
- I-AAP ishicilela isitatimende sayo sokuqala malunga ne-ADHD, iMithi ye-Hyperkinetic Children , ethi ngaphezu kokuqwalasela 'unyango lwezonyango kwiimeko apho indlela enjalo ifanelekileyo,' ukuba kukho indawo yezilwanyana ezinokunyanga kwiinkqubo zonyango olushushu. . '
- Inkqubo yesithathu ye- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disability Disabilities (DSM-III) ishicilelwe yi-APA ngowe-1980 kwaye ibandakanya ukuKhathazeka kweNkcazo yokuLungisa okokuqala, kuquka i-subtypes Yongeza nge-hyperactivity, ADD ngaphandle koxinzelelo, kunye no-ADD uhlobo oluthile
- UDkt. Russell A. Barkley ubhala iincwadi zakhe zokuqala ezi-17 malunga ne-ADHD ngo-1981 - Abantwana abangenabantwana: Iincwadi zokuxilonga kunye unyango .
- I-DSM-III-R (uhlaziyo oluhlaziyiweyo), olupapashwe ngo-1987, kwakhona lushintsha igama, ngeli xesha kwiNkcazo yokuThuthukiswa kweNgcaciso ye-Hydacactivity Disorder (ADHD), kodwa ayibandakanyi nayiphi na i-subtypes
- ingxelo ka-1987 evela kwi-AAP, iMicrosoft for Children With Attention Deficit Disorder , inikezela 'izibonakaliso zonyango lonyango ekwenzeni unyango lweengxaki,' njengeRitalin, Dexedrine, Cylert, kunye nezinye 'iziyobisi ezinobungozi,' kubandakanywa ne-tricyclic antidepressants
- UDkt. Barkley uqala ukupapasha i -ADHD Report newsletter ngo-1993
- Inkcazelo yesine ye- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) ipapashwe yi-APA ngo-2000 kwaye ichaza iintlobo ezintathu zeNkcazo yokuKhathazeka kweNgxaki yokuXhatshazwa kweMpilo (ADHD), kuquka i-ADHD, uhlobo oludibeneyo, i-ADHD, , kunye ne-ADHD, ekhokelela kakhulu kwi-Type-Impulsive Type
- UJoseph Biederman ushicilela enye yokuqala yeengcali zezokwelapha malunga nezingane ezine-ADHD ngo-1995
- ingxelo ebuyekeziwe ye-AAP, iMicrosoft for Children With Distress Disorders , eyapapashwa ngo-1996, igxininisa ukuba unyango lweyeza kufuneka ludibaniswe 'kunye nokuphathwa okufanelekileyo kwimeko yengingqi kunye nekharityhulam.'
- Isikhokelo seKliniki ye- 2000 : Ukuxilongwa kunye nokuVavanywa koNyana ngeNkcazo-Ukulahleka / ukuxhatshazwa kweengxaki ezivela kwi-AAP unikeza izikhokelo ezicacileyo kubahlengikazi kunye nabazali ekuhlolweni nasekunyango kwa bantwana abane-ADHD
- I-Strattera, unyango lokuqala olungakhuseliyo lwe-ADHD, luvunyiwe ngo-2002
- Iilebhile zokulumkisa kwii-ADHD zonyango zihlaziywa ngo-2007 ukubandakanya izilumkiso malunga nokuba kwenzeka kwingozi yengqondo (ukufa ngokukhawuleza kubantwana kunye nabantwana abaselula kunye neengxaki zesifo esiyingozi okanye ezinye iingxaki ezinzulu zentliziyo) kunye nobungozi beempawu ezibangelwa yimpilo yengqondo (ukucinga, ukucinga okungekho nto, okanye imania) .
I-ADHD yamayeza wexesha
Ucwaningo lukaDkt. Bradley olusetyenzisweni lukaBenstrine luye lwacatshangelwa nje ngokuba lugcino lwexesha lemihla ye-ADHD yonyango, kodwa loo nxaxheba iye yagqitywa ngoku kutsha, i-ADHD imithi eninzi inokuyithatha.
Nangona kubonakala ngathi uninzi lweemithi ezizahlukileyo ze-ADHD ziye zaphuhliswa kule minyaka, ngokukodwa kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, ininzi yazo isebenzisa izithako ezisisiseko ezisisiseko (i-methylphenidate kunye ne-amphetamine / dextroamphetamine) esetyenzisiweyo ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zophando lwe-ADD .
- Ngowe-1937 - uBenedrine (i-amphetamine ehlaselekileyo)
- 1943 - Desoxyn (methamphetamine hydrochloride)
- 1955 - Ritalin (methylphenidate)
- 1955-1983 - i-Biphetamine (i-amphetamine edibeneyo / dextroamphetamine resin)
- 1960 - i-Adderall (i-amphetamine edibeneyo / i-dextroamphetamine isalts)
- 1975-2003 - Cylert (pemoline)
- 1976 - iDxtrostat (dextroamphetamine)
- 1976 - I-Dexedrine (dextroamphetamine)
- 1982 - uRitalin SR
- 1999 - iMetadate ER (methylphenidate)
- 2000 - I- Concerta (i-methylphenidate)
- 2000 - i-Methylin ER (i-methylphenidate)
- 2001 - CD yeMetadate (methylphenidate)
- 2001 - Focalin (dexmethylphenidate)
- 2001 - i-Adderall XR (i-amphetamine i-salts exubileyo)
- 2002 - uRitalin LA
- 2002 - I-Methylin (i-methylphenidate) isisombululo somlomo kunye ne-tablet ehlaziwayo
- 2002 - iStrattera (i-atomoxetine)
- 2005 - I-Focalin XR (dexmethylphenidate)
- 2006 - Daytrana (i-methylphenidate patch)
- 2007 - iVivanse (lisdexamfetamine dimesylate)
- 2008 - Iprocentra (i-dextroamphetamine yamanzi)
- 2009 - Intuniv (guanfacine hydrochloride)
- 2010 - iKapvay (clonidine hydrocloride)
- 2012 - i-Quillivant XR (i-methylphenidate yamanzi)
- 2016 - i-Adzenys XR-ODT (i-tablet ye-amphetamine ye-tablet ehlukanayo)
- 2016 - i-Quillichew ER (i-methylphenidate enokutsha)
Zininzi zala mayeza e-ADHD, kunye neenguqulelo zokukhululwa ezongezelelweyo, ziyafumaneka njengama- generics .
> Imithombo:
> AAP. Amachiza aBantwana abaHloniphekileyo. Iipediatrics, ngoMatshi 1975; 55: 560 - 562.
> Bradley C. Ukuziphatha kwabantwana abafumana uBenstrine. Amer. J. Psychiar., 94: 577, 1937.
> C. uConners Conners. I-Symposium: Ukuziphatha kokuguqulwa ngamachiza: II. Impembelelo yengqondo yezilwanyana ezinomdla kubantwana abaneengxaki ezingekho phantsi kwengqondo. Izifo zonyango, ngoMeyi 1972; 49: 702 - 708.
> Ukucoca, uSam D. Ubuncinane Ubunzima Ubunzima kwabantwana; Isigama kunye nokuchonga. Isigaba I seProjekthi yeSithathu seSigaba. I-NINDB Monograph No. 3. 1966.
> Iingqungquthela, i-CK Imiphumo ye-methylphenidate kwiimpawu ze-symptomatology nokufunda kubantwana abaphazamisayo. IJ Psychiatry 120: 458-464, Novemba 1963
> Maurice W. Laufer, uEric Denhoff. I-Hyperkinetic behavior syndrome kubantwana. Umbhalo wePediatrics Vol. 50, Issue 4, iphepha 463-474.
> Palmer, ED Inkcazo yokuqala ye-ADHD (Intententive Subtype): > UDkt > Alexander Crichton kunye 'nokungazinzi kwengqondo' (1798). I-Psychology Child (Psychoatry Review) (2001), 6: 66-73
> R. Mayes no A. Rafalovich. Masihluphe abantwana abangenasiphelo: ukuguqulwa kwe-ADHD kunye > neyeza > usetyenziso olushukumisayo, 1900-80. Imbali ye-Psychiatry, Disemba 1, 2007; 18 (72 Pt 4): 435 - 457.