Imbali ephethwe igama iguquka
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uvile i- ADD kunye ne-ADHD esebenzisana ngokufanelekileyo. Ukukhathazeka kwengxaki (i-ADD) kunye neengxaki-ingxaki / ingxaki yokuxhatshaza (ADHD) ngokwenene imeko efanayo, i-ADHD inegama elininzi elinguqu kumashumi amathathu adlulileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba uphando oluninzi lwenziwe, ukuqonda kukhula kwaye igama liye latshintshwa ukuze libonise olo lwazi.
I-ADH yiGama elisemthethweni
U-ADHD ngoku ligama elisemthethweni le ngxaki. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abantu basasebenzisa igama elithi ADD, eli ligama elisemthethweni ukususela ngo-1980 ukuya ku-1987.
Abanye abantu bacaphuke okanye badidekile xa beva ukuba i-ADD kunye ne-ADHD iyafana. Bavakalelwa kukuba "H," okubhekiselele ekungcoleni, ayichazi kakuhle okanye umntwana wabo. Ukuqonda ukuguquka kweenguqu kwigama kunokunceda.
Isikhathi esifutshane segama lokutshintshwa kwe-ADHD
I-Manual Diagnostic and Statistical of Mental Disorders (DSM) ishicilelwe nguMbutho wezeMpilo waseMelika. Yisikhokelo esipheleleyo sokuba oogqirha, iingcali zempilo yengqondo kunye nabakliniki basebenzise xa bavavanya kwaye baxilonga i-ADHD kunye neminye imiba yempilo yengqondo. Uhlaziyo olutsha olutsha kunye nokuhlaziywa kwe-DSM lukulindeleke ngokulangazelela, njengoko kunokuthetha utshintsho olukhulu okanye oluncinane kwimeko nganye ebizwa ngayo, kunye neendlela zokuzifumanisa ngazo, kuquka i-ADHD.
1980
Inkqubo yesithathu ye-DSM (DSM-III) yakhululwa kwaye igama elisemthethweni le meko laba ngqalelo-ingxaki yokulahleka (ADD). Ngeli xesha, ukungaxhatshazi into kwakucatshangelwa ukuba yimiqondiso edla rhoqo. Amacandelo amabini e-ADD achongwa:
- ADD nge-hyperactivity
- ADD ngaphandle kokungcola
1987
Inguqulo ehlaziyiweyo ye-DSM-III ikhishwe.
Igama elisemthethweni liye laqwalaselwa-ukungaphumeleli kweengxaki ze-disorder (ADHD). Oku kwakuthetha ukuba ukuxhatshazwa kwengqondo kubonwa njengento ebalulekileyo ye-ADHD.
1994
I-DSM-IV yashicilelwe, kunye neenguqu ezincinane zenguqu kwigama. Igama elisemthethweni lalisetyenziswa ngokungenakucaluleka / ukungenwa kwempilo. Ukuxhatshazwa phakathi kokunqongophala kweengxaki kunye nokuxhatshazwa komzimba kubonisa into enentsingiselo. Unokuba kunye okanye zombini. Awudingi ukuba uphelelwe kakubi ukuba ufumane i-ADHD. La ma-subtypes amathathu abizwa:
- Inkcazo-ukusilela / ukugula ngengxaki, uhlobo oludibeneyo
- Ukukhathazeka-ukungaphumeleli / ukungabikho komonakalo, uhlobo olungaqhelekanga
- Ukukhathazeka-ukungaphumeleli / ukungabikho kwempilo yokugula, uhlobo oluthile lokungachukumisi
2013
Inkqubo yesihlanu ye-DSM ikhishwe (DSM-5). Ezi zintathu ze-ADHD zihlala zifana, kodwa ngoku zibizwa ngokuba yizethulo endaweni yeengqungquthela. Ziquka:
- Inkcazo-ukusilela / ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki, ukuhanjiswa okuhlangeneyo
- Ukukhathazeka-ukungaphumeleli / ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki, ukungenakulinganisela
- Ukukhathazeka-ukungaphumeleli / ukungabikho kokuxhalabisa, okuyiyona nto ingabonakaliyo.
I-DSM-5 iqwalasela indlela iimpawu ezikhoyo kubini nakubantu abadala.
Ezi ziindaba ezilungileyo, njengoko kwakucatshulwa ukuba i-ADHD emdala yayinganakwa kwi-DSM yangaphambili.
Ukusebenzisa i-Term ADD
Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa i-ADD yekota kwaye abantu baya kuqonda ngokuqinisekileyo. Oogqirha abaninzi, oogqirha kunye nabalobi basebenzisa i-ADD ukuba bathethe ukungathobeli kwaye basebenzise i-ADHD ukuchaza umntu onobungcali. Abanye abantu basebenzisa i-ADD kunye ne-ADHD ngokungafaniyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unokwenza ukutshintsha kwengqondo ukusuka kwi-ADD ukuya kwi-ADHD, kuya kunceda ukuphepha ukudideka okungenzeka kwaye ugcine ufikeleleke kumagama amaninzi.
Icandelo lokuKhathazeka
Abantu abaninzi abane-ADHD abangenakunyameko bavakalelwa kukuba ukusebenzisa ukunyanzeliswa egameni lemeko abaye bawaphulukisa iimfuno zabo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo xa abantu be-ADHD beva, ngokuzenzekelayo bacinga "ukungacatshulwa" kwaye abaziqondi ubuqili beentetho ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, akufanele ukwabelana ngesifo sakho kunye nabani na, kodwa ukuba ukhetha, unokwenza okucacileyo kwaye uchaze ukuba yi-ADHD engayithobeliyo, enceda ukucacisa ngokukhawuleza.
Abantu abaninzi abadala abanomdla-abangenakho ukukhupha i-ADHD abavakalelwa kukuba "H" ichaza ngokuchanekileyo. Xa sicinga ngokungahambi kakuhle, umntwana osebenza ngamandla kwaye engakwazi ukuhlala eseklasini uya engqondweni. Njengomntu omdala, ukunyaniseka kungabonakalisa iindlela ezingekho phantsi. Ngokomzekelo, unokuba neentlobo eziphathekayo, uxoxe kakhulu, uhlale uhlala, okanye uqhube ngokukhawuleza. Kwakhona kungenzeka ukuba awukho nje ngokunyaniseka njengokuba wawukho. Inkqubo yesihlanu ye-DSM iyaqaphela ukuba inkcazo ye-ADHD yomntu ingatshintshwa ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe.
> Umthombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (5th ed.). EWashington, DC; 2013.