IZIMBONO

Ukuqonda iimpawu neempawu ze-ADHD

Iimpawu eziphambili zokunqongophala kweengxaki / ingxaki yokuxhatshazwa komzimba (ADHD) zibandakanya ukungalindelekanga, ukunyanzeliswa, nokungafuneki. Ubunzima bokugxininisa, ukugxilwa kwengqondo kunye nokuvinjelwa kweempembelelo kunye nokuziphatha kungapheli kwaye kuphazamisekile kwaye kuphazamise ukusebenza komntu ngamnye kwimiqathango eyahlukeneyo - ikhaya, isikolo okanye umsebenzi kunye nolwalamano nabanye.

Iimpawu ze-ADHD zibonakala ngokukhawuleza ebomini bomntwana, kaninzi xa engena kwisikolo. Ukuze uhlangabezane neendlela zokuxilonga ze-ADHD, iimpawu kufuneka zibe zigqithise ngakumbi kunokuba zifanelekile kumgangatho womntu kunye nenqanaba lophuhliso. Izimo ezinengxaki ezinxulumene ne-ADHD zinokuqhubeka zikhula kwaye zikhulile .

• Ukuqonda iiMpawu zokuqala ze-ADHD

• Ngaba idibanisa into efanayo ne-ADHD?

Ezi ziThathu ziMpawu eziPhambili ze-ADHD ziquka:

Inattention

Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abangenakunzima banokuhlala begxile kwaye bajonge kwimisebenzi. Bakhankanywa ngokulula ngezinto ezingabalulekiyo kunye nezandi, ukuhamba ukusuka komnye umsebenzi ukuya kwelinye kwaye kubonakala ngathi uthuthuka kalula. Bangabonakala belibale kwaye badidekile okanye badideke ngokungathi "kwintlaka." Ukulungiswa nokugqiba imisebenzi kudla kunzima kakhulu, njengoko kukhetha ukuba yeyiphi ingcaciso echaphazelekayo ngokungahambisani nayo.

Umntu onempawu ezingalindelekanga unokuba nobunzima bokugcina izinto, ngokulahlekelwa yizinto kunye nokuphila ubomi ngendlela engalungelekanga. Ulawulo lwexesha luhlala lukhupha. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo kukunyanzelwanga ngenxa yokuba kaninzi kunzima ukuchonga kunye nokuphazamiseka okungakumbi kunokuziphazamisa.

Umntu onohlobo olungapheliyo lwe-ADHD unokubonakalisa enesidenge, e-lthargic kwaye ekhawuleza ukuphendula nokucwangcisa ulwazi.

• Ukuqonda i-ADHD kwabasetyhini

Ukungasebenzi

Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abakhubazekayo banamazinga aphezulu kakhulu okwenza umsebenzi, onokuthi bangabonakali njengokwenyama. Bangabonakala behlala behamba ngokunyanzela, ngokukhawuleza "ekuhambeni" njengokungathi baqhutywe ngumqhubi. Banobunzima bokugcina umzimba wabo usalokhu - ukuhamba ngokugqithiseleyo, ukuxhamla okanye ukutshisa. Abantu abanobuchopho bahlala beziva bengenasiphelo, banokuthetha ngokugqithiseleyo, baphazamise abanye, baze baxoxise iingxoxo ngaphandle kokuvumela abanye ukuba bangene kwigama. Akuqhelekanga kumntu onempawu ezinobungozi ukubandakanya ukuphawula okuqhubekayo kwimisebenzi ehamba kuyo. Izenzo zabo ziba zivakala kwaye ziphazamisayo. Olu bunzima obulawula umgangatho wabo wezenzo luvame ukudala iingxaki ezinkulu kwiimeko zentlalo, zesikolo kunye nomsebenzi.

• Ungayichazela njani Ukwahlukana phakathi kwe-ADHD kunye noMntwana Olula nje?

• Ngaba ukunyaniseka kungabonakalisa njani abantu abadala abakwi-ADHD v. Abantwana?

Impulsivity

Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abakhathazekayo banenkinga yokuvimbela ukuziphatha kwabo kunye nezimpendulo.

Bahlala besenza kwaye bethetha ngaphambi kokucinga, ukusabela ngendlela ekhawulezayo ngaphandle kokuqwalasela imiphumo. Basenokuphazamisa abanye, baphendule izimpendulo, baze baphumelele kwizabelo ngaphandle kokufunda ngokucophelela okanye ukuphulaphula imiyalelo. Ukuguquka ukulinda kwaye ukunyamezela kunzima kakhulu kumntu onomdla. Zikhetha ukukhawuleza ngokuchaneka kwaye ngokukhawuleza zigqibe imisebenzi ngokukhawuleza kodwa zingakhathali. Baya ngokuzenzekelayo kwiimeko kwaye banokuzibeka kwiimeko ezinobungozi ngaphandle kokucinga. Ukungabikho kolawulo lokunyanzelisa kungabi yingozi kuphela kodwa kunokudala uxinzelelo esikolweni / emsebenzini nakubusano nabanye.

Ukunciphisa ukunyaniseka okanye ukulinda imivuzo emikhulu kunzima kumntu ongenomdla.

• Ndingayifumana njani uNyana wam ukuba ayeke ukuthetha kakhulu nokuthetha izinto ezingafanelekanga?

Kukho iincinci ezintathu ze-ADHD:

• I-ADHD, Uhlobo Oludibeneyo - Uboniso ngabanye bobabini abangenakunyameko kunye neempembelelo ezingabonakaliyo.
• I-ADHD, Uhlobo oluthile lokunyamekela -Izibonakaliso zihambelana nokungafanelanga. Umntu akanakubonakalisa iimpawu eziphathekayo ezingathandekiyo.
• I-ADHD, Inokwenene engaxhamliyo-Uhlobo olushukumisayo- Iimpawu zihambelana nokuxhatshazwa nokungahambi. Umntu akabonakali ingqalelo ingxaki enkulu.

Iimeko ezihambelanayo

Uninzi lwesithathu kwisithathu sabantwana abane-ADHD banesimo esinye okanye ngaphezulu. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yilezi ziingxaki zokuziphatha, ukuxhalaba, ukuxinezeleka, ukufunda nokukhubazeka kolwimi. Abantu abadala abane-ADHD babonisa iziganeko eziphezulu nakongezelelweyo zezifo ezongezelelweyo okanye ezihamba nazo. Laba bantu abadala bangaphinda baxineke, baxineke, baxakeke, baxakeke, baxakeke, baxakeke, bafumane iimeko zokuziphatha.

_Imithombo:

_{Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (Ingqungquthela yesine, Ukuhlaziywa kwembhalo) I-DSM-IV Washington, DC 2000}

_{URussell A. Barkley. Ukunqongophala kweNkcazo yokuHlukana nokuXhatshazwa komzimba: I-Handbook ye-Diagnosis kunye neNyango. Guilford Press. Inew york. 2006}