I-psychology yezemfundo iquka ukufunda indlela abantu abayifunayo ngayo, kubandakanywa izihloko ezifana neziphumo zabafundi, inkqubo yokufundisa, ukungafani kwamanye abafundi ekufundeni, abafundi abanesakhono kunye nokukhubazeka kokufunda.
Eli sebe lezengqondo alithinteli nje kwinkqubo yokufunda yobuntwaneni buntutsha kunye nolutsha kodwa luquka iinkqubo zentlalo, zengqondo kunye neenkqubelayo ezibandakanyekayo ekufundeni kulo lonke ixesha lokuphila.
Intsimi yeengqondo zezemfundo ibandakanya ezinye iindidi, ezibandakanya i- psychology yophuhliso, i-psychology yokuziphatha kunye neengqondo zengqondo .
Imiba Yomdla Kwi-Psychology yezemfundo
- Technology Technology
- Uyilo lo Myalelo
- Zemfundo ezizodwa
- Uphuhliso lweKharityhulam
- KwiZiko loFundo
- Abafundi abanezipho
Amanani abalulekileyo kwiMbali yezeNzululwazi yezeNgqondo
- UJohn Locke
- William James
- Alfred Binet
- UJohn Dewey
- UJean Piaget
- BF Skinner
Imbali yezeMpilo yePhysics
I-psychology yezemfundo yindawo encinane encinci eye yabona ukukhula okukhulu kakhulu kwiminyaka yamuva. I-Psychology ayizange ivele njengesayensi eyahlukileyo ukuya ngasekupheleni kwe-1800, ngoko ke izafilosofi zezemfundo zixhaphaza kakhulu inzala yezobugcisa.
Abaninzi bajonga ifilosofi uJohn Herbart njengo "ntata" weengqondo zezemfundo. U-Herbart wayekholelwa ukuba umdla wabafundi kwisihloko unempembelelo enkulu kwisiphumo sokufunda kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba ootitshala kufuneka baqwalasele lo mdla kunye nolwazi olungaphambili xa bekhetha uhlobo oluthile lomyalelo olufanelekileyo.
Kamva, isazi seengqondo kunye nefilosofi uWilliam James wenza iminikelo ebalulekileyo kwintsimi. Umxholo wakhe we-1899 wesicatshulwa uthetha kuTitshala kwi-Psychology ithathwa njengencwadi yokuqala yokufunda ngeengqondo. Kulo xesha, isazi sezengqondo saseFransi u-Alfred Binet sasikhulisa iimvavanyo zakhe ezidumileyo ze- IQ .
Iimvavanyo zenzelwe okokuqala ukunceda urhulumente waseFransi uchonge abantwana abanokulibaziseka kokuphuhlisa ukudala iinkqubo zemfundo ezizodwa.
EUnited States, uJohn Dewey wayenempembelelo enkulu kwimfundo. Iingcamango zikaDewe zaqhubeka, kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba isikolo kufuneka sigxininise kubafundi kunokuba zifundo. Wakhuthaza ukufunda okusebenzayo kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba amava ezandleni ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokufunda.
Ngoku kutshanje, isazi sezengqondo sezemfundo uBenjamin Bloom senze i-taxonomy ebalulekileyo eyenzelwe ukuhlenga, kwaye ichaze iinjongo zemfundo ezahlukeneyo. Iipolisi ezintathu ezisezantsi zichazwe ziinjongo zokufunda, ezichaphazelekayo kunye neengqondo zokufunda.
IiPhambili eziPhambili kwi-Psychology yezeMfundo
Njengaye kwezinye iindawo zengqondo, abaphandi ngaphakathi kwengqondo yezemfundo bathambekele ekuthathethweni kwimiba eyahlukileyo xa beqwalasela ingxaki.
- Umbono wokuziphatha ubonisa ukuba zonke iimpawu zifundwa ngokusebenzisa imeko. Iingcali zeengqondo ezithatha le ngcamango zixhomekeke ngokuqinile kwimigaqo yokusebenza kwimeko yokucacisa indlela ukufunda kwenzeka ngayo. Ngokomzekelo, ootitshala banganika iimpawu ezingatshintshaniswa izinto ezinqwenelekayo ezifana ne-candy kunye neetsys ukuvuza ukuziphatha okuhle. Nangona iindlela ezinokuba luncedo kwezinye iimeko, indlela yokuziphatha igxeka ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwizinto ezinjengesimo sengqondo , iingcinga kunye nezizathu zokufunda kwangaphakathi .
- Iinjongo zophuhliso zijolise kwindlela abantwana abafumana ngayo izakhono ezintsha nolwazi njengoko bahlakulelayo. Izigaba ezidumile zikaJean Piaget zokuphuhliswa kwengqondo ngumnye umzekelo weengcamango ezibalulekileyo zophuhliso ekujongeni indlela abantwana bakhula ngayo ngokwengqondo. Ngokuqonda indlela abantwana bacinga ngayo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuphuhliswa, iingqondo zezemfundo zingakwazi ukuqonda kangcono oko abantwana abakwaziyo ukukhula kuzo. Oku kunokunceda ootitshala ukuba benze iindlela zokufundisa kunye nezinto ezijoliswe kuzo kwiindawo ezithile zeminyaka.
- Iimbono zokuqonda ziye zagqithisa kakhulu kwiminyaka emashumi amva nje, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba zichaza indlela izinto ezinjengemikhumbuzo, iinkolelo, iimvakalelo kunye neenjongo ezichaphazela kwinkqubo yokufunda. Ingqondo yengqondo ijolise ekuqondeni indlela abantu bacinga ngayo, bafunde, bakhumbule, kwaye baqhube inkcazelo. Iingcali zengqondo zengqondo ezithatha ingcamango yolwazi ziyakwazi ukuqonda indlela abantwana abashukunyiswa ngayo ukufunda, indlela abakhumbula ngayo izinto abazifundileyo, nendlela abayicombulula ngayo iingxaki, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
- Indlela yokwakha i-constructivist ngenye yeengcamango zokufunda ezandul 'ukugqithiseleyo ezijolise ngendlela abantwana abakha ngayo ulwazi lwabo lwehlabathi. Ukuqulunqwa kwezinto kubangela ukuba kubekho iingqalelo kwiimeko zentlalo nezenkcubeko ezichaphazela indlela abantwana abafunda ngayo. Lo mbono uphelelwe ngamandla ngumsebenzi weengqondo zengqondo uVev Vygotsky, oye wacetyisa iingcamango ezifana nommandla wophuhliso oluxhasayo kunye nokuqulunqwa kwemfundo.
Nangona i-psychology yezemfundo ingaba luleko olutsha, luya kuqhubeka lukhula njengoko abantu banomdla ngakumbi ekuqondeni indlela abantu abayifunayo ngayo. I-APA iCandelo le-15, elizinikezelwe kwisifundo seengqondo zezemfundo, ngoku iluhlu lwamalungu angaphezu kwama-2,000.
Imithombo:
Hergenhahn, BR (2009). Isingeniso kwiNkcazo ye-Psychology. EBelmont, CA: iWadsworth.
Zimmerman, BJ & Schunk, iDH (Eds.) (2003). I-Psychology yezemfundo: Ikhulu leminikelo . Mahwah, NJ, US: Erlbaum.