USigmund Freud wayengumdlavuza wegazi wase-Austrian owaziwa ngokuba ngumsekeli we-psychoanalysis. I-Freud yavelisa isicwangciso seendlela zokwelapha ezigxilwe kwipilisi yokuthetha eyayibandakanyeka ukusetyenziswa kwezicwangciso ezifana nokutshintshiswa, ubudlelwane obukhululekile kunye nokuchazwa kwephupha.
I-Psychoanalysis yaba isikolo esilawulayo ngethuba lokuqala kwengqondo yengqondo kwaye ihlala inempembelelo namhlanje.
Ukongezelela kwimpembelelo yakhe kwiengqondo, iingcamango zikaFrud ziye zaphazamisa inkcubeko kunye neengcamango ezifana nokukhanyela, i-Freudian, isingeniso, ukuzaliseka kwenqweno kunye ne-ego zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiilwimi zansuku zonke.
Ngomhla wokuhlaziywa kweengcali zengqondo ze-2002 ze- psychologist , i-Sigmund Freud ibekwe kwisiqingatha sesithathu.
Makhe sifunde ngakumbi malunga nobomi bakhe kunye neengcamango kule ngcaciso emfutshane.
U-Sigmund Freud Wayenokuziwayo
- Umsunguli we- psychoanalysis .
- Iingcamango zoPhuhliso lwengqondo
- I-Id, i-Ego, ne-Superego
- Ukutolika kwephupha
- Umbutho wamahhala.
Ukuzalwa nokufa
Ubomi kunye noMsebenzi
Xa wayesemncinci, intsapho kaSigmund Freud yasuka eFrieberg, eMoravia eya eVienna apho yayiza kuchitha ixesha lobomi bayo. Abazali bakhe bamfundisa ekhaya ngaphambi kokungena kuye kwi-Gymnasium esebenzayo, apho wayeqala khona eklasini waza waphumelela iSumma cum Laude.
Emva kokufunda unyango kwiYunivesithi yaseVienna, uFrud wasebenza waza wafumana inhlonipho njengogqirha. Ngomsebenzi wakhe kunye ne-French neurologist ehloniphekileyo uJean-Martin Charcot, uFrud wathandwa yintlungu yesifo ebizwa ngokuba yi- hysteria . Kamva, uFrud kunye nomhlobo wakhe kunye nomcebisi uDkt. Josef Breuer wamzisa kwimeko yesigulane esaziwa njengo- Anna O., owayeyindoda engumfazi ogama linguBertha Pappenheim.
Iimpawu zakhe zaziquka ukukhwehlela kwemizwa, i-anesthesia ye-tactile, kunye nokukhubazeka. Ngaphezulu kwenkqubo yokunyanga kwakhe, lo mfazi ukhumbula amava amaninzi, ama-Freud noBreuer bakholelwa ukuba banegalelo ekuguleni kwakhe.
Amagqirha amabini agqiba ukuba akukho nto ebangela u-Anna O ubunzima, kodwa ukuba ukuthetha kwakhe malunga namava akhe kwaba nefuthe kwiimpawu. UFrud noBreuer banyathelisa umsebenzi we- Studies in Hysteria ngo-1895. NguBertha Pappenheim ngokwakhe othe wathatha unyango ngokuthi "ukunyanga ukuthetha."
Imisebenzi kamva ibandakanya ukuchazwa kweeNkantwa (1900) kunye nemiSebenzi emithathu kwiNtsholongwane yobunini (1905). Le mi sebenzi yaba yinto eyaziwayo emhlabeni, kodwa imfundiso kaFrud yeengongoma zengqondo yobudlelwane beengxaki zobunqunu isele ibe yinto yokugxeka kunye neengxoxo. Nangona iimbono zakhe zihlala zijongwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo, umsebenzi kaFreud uyaqhubeka ukuchaphazela iingqondo kunye nezinye iinqununu ukuya namhlanje.
Impembelelo:
UFrud waphinde waba nefuthe kwamanye amaninzi aphakamileyo kwengqondo, kuquka nentombi yakhe u- Anna Freud , uMelanie Klein , uKarry Horney , u-Alfred Alder, u- Erik Erikson noCarl Jung .
Igalelo kwiNzululwazi
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba uluvo lweengcamango zikaSigmund Freud, akukho mbuzo ukuba wayenempembelelo enkulu kummandla weengqondo.
Umsebenzi wakhe wuxhasa inkolelo yokuba zonke izifo zengqondo zinezizathu zenyama kwaye wanikela ubungqina bokuthi ukungabikho kwenkcubeko kunempembelelo kwingqondo kunye nokuziphatha. Umsebenzi wakhe kunye nemibono yaba negalelo ekuqondeni kwethu ubuntu, i- psychology yengqondo , ukuphuhliswa kwabantu, kunye nengqondo engavamile .
Okushicilelwe nguSigmund Freud
- (1895) Izifundo kwi-Hysteria
- (1900) Ukutolika kweeNkanuko
- (1901) I-Psychopathology ye-Daily Life Life
- (1905) Iimvavanyo ezintathu kwiingcamango zesondo
- (1905) Isiqendu se-Uhlalutyo lwe-Case Hysteria
- (1923) I- Ego kunye ne-Id
- (1930) Impucuko kunye neentlawulo zayo
- (1939) uMoses noMonotheism
Biographies ye Sigmund Freud
- Breger, uLouis (2000). I-Freud: Ubumnyama phakathi koMboniso-I-Analytical Biography
- UFerris, uPaul (1999). UDkt Freud: Ubomi
- Gay, Peter (1998). Freud: Ubomi Ngexesha Lethu
- URozen, uPaul (1992). Freud kunye nabalandeli bakhe