Iminyaka yokugqibela yamaFreud yabonakaliswa intlungu
USigmund Freud wayengomnye weengcali ezidumileyo zengqondo kwaye uhlala engumntu onamandla kunamhla. Ngoxa wayesebenzisa ubuninzi bakhe ebomini kunye nokusebenza kwakhe emsebenzini kunye nokuphuhlisa iingcamango zakhe eVienna, eAustria, iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi yayixesha lokutshintsha okukhulu. Funda kabanzi malunga nomnyaka wokugqibela wobomi bukaFreud kunye nesona sizathu sokufa kwakhe.
Unyaka ophelileyo woBomi bukaSigmund Freud
USigmund Freud washona eLondon ngoSeptemba 23, 1939 eneminyaka eyi-83.
Unyaka wokugqibela wobomi bukaFreud kwakuyixesha lokuxhalabisa kwaye lujamelana nokugula. Wayechitha ubuninzi bomi bakhe ubomi kwaye esebenza eVienna, kodwa konke oku kwatshintsha xa amaNazi ahlutha iAustria ngo-1938.
Ukongezelela ekubeni ngumYuda, udumo lukaFreud njengoko umsunguli we- psychoanalysis wamenza waba jolise. Bobabini uSigmund Freud kunye nentombi yakhe uAna baxilongwa ngabaGestapo, kwaye ezininzi iincwadi zakhe zatshiswa. Kwintetho yakhe yokugqibela kunye neGestapo, uFrud waphoqeleka ukuba asayine isitatimende esithi akazange aphathwe kakubi. UFrud uthi, "Ndiyincoma kakhulu iGestapo kuwo wonke umntu."
Ukushiya iVienna ukuya eLondon
Kungekudala emva kokuba, umhlobo wentsapho wafumana iphepha elikhuselekileyo likaFrud, umkakhe uMarta nentombi uAna eNgilandi. Omnye udadewabo kaFrud wayefudukela eUnited States iminyaka emininzi edlulileyo kwaye umzalwana wakhe wakwazi ukuhamba e-Austria ngo-1938, kodwa amanye amalungu omndeni kaFrud ayengenanhlanhla.
Nangona iinzame ezininzi zokufumana oodade bakhe abane, iDolfi, Mitzi, Rosa, kunye noPauli, baphuma kweli lizwe, akukho nto yaphumelela kwaye bonke abafazi abane bafa emva kweenkampu zoxinzelelo.
UFrud washiya eVienna ngoJuni 4, 1938, efika ezimbini iintsuku emva kweLondon, eNgilandi. Wabhala wathi: "Ukuva inkululeko yokukhulula, ixubene kakhulu ngokulila, kuba enye yayisithanda kakhulu intolongo apho ikhishwe khona."
Xa befikile eLondon, uSigmund noMarta bahlala kwikhaya elitsha kwii-20 zaseMaresfield Gardens. I-smoking cigar ekhuni, uFrud wayenomdlavuza ngomlomo ukususela ngowe-1923 kwaye wayesebenze imisebenzi emininzi. Emva kokuba umhlaza uphindele, oogqirha bakhe bathi i-tumor yayingasebenzi. Inja yakhe ethandekayo yayiya kulila ebusweni bakhe ngenxa yengxolo ka-Freud's necrotic bone bone. Kwakhona waphoqeleka ukuba agqoke i-prosthesis yomlomo ukuze agcine isahluko sakhe somlomo kunye nomlomo, okwenza kube nzima ukutya okanye ukuthetha.
Ngoxa wayethetha waba buhlungu kwaye kunzima ngenxa yomhlaza, wabhala umyalezo omfutshane we-BBC ngoDisemba 7, 1938. UFrud wayeneminyaka engama-81 ubudala ngeli xesha kwaye umyalezo nguye owaziwayo kuphela oqoshiwe wezwi lakhe.
NgoSeptemba 21, 1939, uFrud wabuza ugqirha ukuba anike umthamo obulalayo we-morphine. Ugqirha kaFreud kamva wabhala wathi, "Xa wayebuhlungu kwakhona, ndamnika i-hypodermic yeepentigram ezimbini ze-morphine. Ngokukhawuleza waziva ekhululekile waza walala ngokuthula. Ieyure ezingama-12. Ngokusobala uFrud wayekufuphi ngokusondele ekupheleni kweendawo zakhe zokugcina kangangokuthi waphelelwa kwi-coma kwaye akazange avuke kwakhona. "
UFrud wasweleka kusasa ngoSeptemba 23, 1939. Kwiintsuku ezintathu kamva, isidumbu sakhe sasitshiswa kwaye umlotha wakhe wawufakwa kwi-urn yakudala yaseGrisi eyayisinikezwe ngumhlobo wakhe uMarie Bonaparte.
Abaphangi Kamva bazama ukutsala i-Urn Eline-Ashes of Freud
NgoJanuwari ka-2014, amapolisa aseBrithani atholakala ekuzingeleni abaqhankqalazi abonakala bezama ukubamba umlotha we-psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud.
Ngokomapolisa, iinzame zokuphanga zenzeke kwiziko lokungcwaba eLondon ngo-Disemba 31 okanye ngoJanuwari 1. U-urn oneminyaka engama-2,300 equkethe umlotha oqingqiweyo kaFrud nomkakhe uMarta babonakaliswe kulo mzamo.
"Le nto yayiyinto enyanyekayo yisela," kusho uMnuz Detective Constable uDaniel Candler. "Ngaphandle kokushiya eceleni ixabiso lemali le-urn engenakungenakulungiswa kunye nokubaluleka kwimbali yokubambisana nayo, into yokuba umntu omele ukuba athathe into eyazi ukuba iqulethe iindawo zokugqibela zomntu ozikholelwayo."
Imithombo:
Cohen, L. Njani uSigmund Freud wayefuna ukufa. IAtlantiki. Sept. 23, 2014. http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/09/how-sigmund-freud-wanted-to-die/380322/.
I-Freud: Impikiswano kunye neNkcubeko. Library of Congress; 2010. http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/freud/.
Hothersall, D. Imbali ye-Psychology, 3rd ed, iMicgraw-Hill: NY; 1995.
Kennedy, M. "U-Urn oqukethe umlotha ka-Sigmund Freud waphonswa ngexesha lokuzama ukweba. I-Guardian. NgoJanuwari 15, 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/15/urn-sigmund-freud-ashes- ukutshitshiswa-ukweba.