UFrud wayekholelwa ntoni?
USigmund Freud udume kakhulu kwisikolo sakhe sengqondo, kodwa naye unomdla omkhulu kunqulo. Njengomntu omdala, uFrud uthathwa njengengakholelwa kuThixo, kodwa imvelaphi yakhe yamaYuda kunye nokukhuliswa kunye nemvelaphi yadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kweengcamango zakhe. Waye wabhala ezininzi iincwadi ezigxile kwisihloko senkolo.
Funda kabanzi malunga nobudlelwane obunzima bukaFreud kunye nenkolo kunye nezinye iingcinga zakhe ngonqulo nangokomoya.
Iimpembelelo Zenkolo Zokuqala Zama-Freud
USigmund Freud wazalelwa kubazali abangamaYuda kwidolophu yamaRoma Katolika yase Freiburg, eMoravia. Kulo lonke ubomi bakhe, uFrud uzama ukuqonda inkolo kunye nokomoya kwaye wabhala incwadi ezininzi ezinikezelwe kulo mbandela, kubandakanya "i-Totem kunye neTaboo" (1913), "Ikusasa leNgxaki" (1927), "Impucuko kunye neengxaki zayo" (1930) , kunye noMoses noMonotheism (1938).
Inkolo, i-Freud yayikholelwa, yayingumzekelo weengxaki zeengqondo kunye neengxaki. Kwimiba eyahlukileyo kwimibhalo yakhe, wacetyiswa ukuba unqulo luzama ukulawula ubunzima be-Oedipal (ngokuchaseneyo nobunzima be-Electra ), indlela yokwenza amaqela ezentlalo, inqwenela ukuzaliseka, ukunyaniseka kokuncinci, kunye nokuzama ukulawula hlabathi langaphandle.
ILifa leMveli yamaFreud
Ngoxa wayekhathazekile ngokungahloneli uThixo kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba unqulo luyinto enokuyitshintsha, wayesazi inkolelo enamandla yonqulo kwizazisi.
Wayevuma ukuba ilifa lakhe lamaYuda, kunye nokungahloneli mthethweni ayehlala edibana naye, wayebumba ubuntu bakhe.
"Ulwimi lwam lwesiJamani. Inkcubeko yam, ukufumana kwam iJamani. Ndazicingela ngeJamani ngokwengqondo, ndaze ndabona ukukhula kokuchasene namaSemite eJamani naseJamani yase-Austria.
Ukususela ngelo xesha, ndithanda ukubiza ngokuba ngumYuda, "wabhala ngo-1925.
Inkolo Ngokwe-Freud
Ngoko uFrud waziva njani ngonqulo? Kweminye imibhalo yakhe eyaziwa kakhulu, wacetyiswa ukuba "yinto engafanelekanga," uhlobo lwe-neurosis, kunye nokuzama ukulawula ulawulo lwangaphandle.
Phakathi kwezinye iicatshulwa ezidumileyo zeFrud enqulo, wachaza ukuba, "Inkolo yinto engafaniyo kwaye ifumana amandla ayo ekubeni iwela kunye neminqweno yethu yangokwemvelo." USigmund Freud encwadini yakhe ethi "INtsha yokuQala yokuQala kwi-Psychoanalysis" (1933)
Kwi "Ikusasa Lokungabonakali," uFrud wabhala wathi, "Inkolo ifaniswa ne-neurosis ebuntwaneni."
"UMoses kunye noMonotheism" wayengomnye wemisebenzi yakhe yokugqibela ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. Kulo, wacetyiswa ukuba, "Inkolo yinto yokuzama ukulawula umhlaba ovelele, apho sibeka khona, ngokusebenzisa umhlaba onqwenelayo, esiye sawenza ngaphakathi kuthi ngenxa yezidingo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nengqondo. [ ...] Ukuba umntu uzama ukunikezela kwinkolo yayo kwindawo yokuziphendukela komntu, kubonakala kungenakwenzeka ukuba ibe yinto ehlala ehleliweyo, njengento efana ne-neurosis leyo umntu ophucukileyo kufuneka ahambe ngendlela yakhe ukususela ebuntwaneni ukuya ekukhuleni. "
I-Freud's criticism of Religion
Nangona wayenqwenela inkolo nangokomoya, uFreud naye wambi wayebaluleke kakhulu.
Wayegxeka inkolo ngenxa yokungabi namkhethe, inzima, nokungabi nothando kubantu abangengamalungu eqela lenkolo ethile.
Ukususela kwi "Ikusasa Lokungabonakali" (1927): "Ulwazi lwethu malunga neemfundiso ezithile zezenkolo luya kwandisa intlonelo yethu kubo, kodwa aluvumelekanga ukuba siyeke ukubeka phambili njengoko izizathu zeemigaqo Ngokuphambene noko! Ezi zindalo zembali ziye zasinceda ukuba sibone iimfundiso zonqulo, njengokuba kunjalo, njengemizila ye-neurotic, kwaye ngoku sinokuthi ngethuba lokuba ixesha lifikile, njengokuba lwenziwa kwindlela yokuhlalutya, ukuba ithathe indawo ukunyanzelwa yimiphumo yokusebenza kwengqondo. "
Ezinye zeengxelo zakhe ezibalulekileyo zifumaneka kwiicatshulwa zakhe "Impucuko kunye neengxaki zayo." "Yonke into inobunzima kakhulu, ngoko kungabikho kwamanye amazwe, ukuba kukho umntu onobubele ebantwini kubuhlungu ukuba ucinge ukuba uninzi lwabantu abangeke lukwazi ukuphakama ngaphezu kwalo mbono wobomi," wacetyisa. "Kusengokuhlazisa ngakumbi ukufumanisa indlela abaninzi abantu abahlala ngayo namhlanje, abangenako ukubona ukuba le nkonzo ayinakunyulwa, kodwa uzame ukuyikhusela ngesiqulatho kwizinto ezinokulibala."
"Iinkonzo ezahlukileyo azizange zinyamekele indima edlalwa yintyala yempucuko. Ngaphezu koko, baya phambili kunye nebango ... ukuze basindise uluntu kweso sinono, ababiza isono."
I-Freud's Psychoanalytic Perspective kwiNkolo
Umbono ka-Freud wengqondo wengqondo wabujonga inkolo njengengqondo engenazifunayo zokuzaliseka kwenqweno. Ngenxa yokuba abantu kufuneka bazive bekhuselekile baze bazivelele ngokwabo, u-Freud bakholelwa ukuba bakhetha ukukholelwa kuThixo, omele ubaba-onamandla.
> Umthombo:
> Novak D. Kwi-Theory ye-Freud yoMthetho kunye neNkolo. I-International Journal yoMthetho kunye Neengqondo . 2016; 48: 24-34. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.ijlp.2016.06.007.