Amava amaninzi amanqaku amnandi kunye nekumangalisa ekuhlalutheni komntwana kukufumana abantwana abancinane kakhulu amandla okuqonda okuqhelekileyo kunabantu abadala. " - UMelanie Klein
Ubomi bokuqala bukaMelanie Klein
UMelanie Klein, owaziwa kakhulu ngokudlala umdlalo kunye nobudlelwane bezinto, wazalwa NgoMatshi 30, 1882, wafa ngoSeptemba 22, 1960.
Uzalwe nguMelanie Ubuyela eVienna, eAustria, wayefuna ukuqala ukuya esikolweni. Kamva wathatha u-Arthur Klein eneminyaka eyi-19, waya kwiYunivesithi yaseVienna ngokufutshane, waza waba nabantwana ababini, uMelitta (1904) noHans (1907). Intsapho yayihamba rhoqo ngenxa yomsebenzi wamyeni wayo, kodwa ekugqibeleni yahlala eBudapest ngo-1910. Wayenomntwana wakhe wesithathu, u-Eric ngo-1914.
Umsebenzi weMelanie Klein
Ngoxa wayehlala eBudapest, waqala ukufundisisa noSanst Ferenczi owayengumqondo wengqondo owamkhuthaza ukuba aphephe abantwana bakhe ngengqondo. Ukuphuma komsebenzi kaKlein, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuba 'yonyango yokudlala' ivele kwaye isasetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje kwi-psychotherapy.
Wadibana noSigmund Freud ngokokuqala ngqa kwi-1918 ye-International Psycho-Analytic Congress eBudapest, eyamphefumlela ukuba abhale iphepheni yakhe yokuqala yengqondo, "Ukuphuhliswa kwengane." Amava ayomeleza umdla wakhe kwi-psychoanalysis kwaye, emva kokuphela komtshato wakhe ngo-1922, ekugqibeleni waya eBerlin ukuba asebenze noCharl Abraham owaziwayo ngengqondo.
Indlela yokudlala kaKlein yayingqubuzana nenkolelo ka-Anna Freud yokuba abantwana abanakukwazi ukugula ngengqondo. Ingxabano yabangela ukuphikisana okukhulu ngaphakathi kwengqondo ye-psychoanalysis, ekhokelela abaninzi kwiindawo zengqondo ye-psychoanalytic ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwingxoxo. UFrud wagxekisa ngokucacileyo iingcamango zikaKlein kunye nokungahambi kwesiqinisekiso semfundo esesikweni.
U-Klein wayenenkxalabo yokudandatheka ebomini bakhe kwaye wayechaphazeleke kakhulu ekufeni kwababini bakowenu kunye no-1933 ukufa kwonyana wakhe omdala. Wabhala amaphepha amaninzi e-psychoanalytic ngesihloko, echaza ukudakumba kwiimeko ezingaboniswanga zobuntwana.
Igalelo likaMelanie Klein kwi-Psychology
UMelanie Klein waba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwintlalo yengqondo ejolise ekukhuleni komntu kulo lonke ixesha lokuphila. Ubuntwa ngokucacileyo lixesha lotshintsho olukhulu, kodwa abantu baqhubeka bekhula bephuhlise ngexesha lokudala abadala, ubudala obuphakathi, kunye neminyaka ephezulu. Kule candelo, funda kabanzi malunga nezihloko ezibandakanya ukuphuhlisa abantwana, ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo, ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo kunye nokuguga.
Ukwenza umdlalo weKlein usebenziswa kakhulu namhlanje. Ukugxininiswa kwendima yomntwana nomntwana kunye nolwalamano oluxhomekeke kwintlalo kunye nefuthe elikhulu kwizengqondo.
Iincwadi zikaMelanie Klein
- I-Psychoanalysis yabantwana (1932)
- Iminikelo kwi-Psychoanalysis, 1921-1945 (1948)
- Ukulandelwa kohlalutyo lomntwana (1961)
- Ihlabathi lethu Elidala kunye nezinye iimvavanyo (1963)
Iingxelo:
Grosskurth, P. (1986). UMelanie Klein Ihlabathi Lakhe kunye noMsebenzi Wakhe. I-New York: I-Random House.
Segal, H. (1979). UMelanie Klein. INew York: I-Viking Press.