Ingqondo yengqondo engavumelekanga yisebe yeengqondo ezisebenzisana ne-psychopathology nokuziphatha okungavamile, ngokuqhelekileyo kwimeko yeklinikhi. Eli gama liquka uluhlu olubanzi lweengxaki, ukusuka ekudakaleni ukuya kwi-dispersive disorder (OCD) kwiinkathazo zobuntu. Abacebisi, iingcali zeengqondo kunye neengqondo ze-psychotherapists zidla ngokusebenza ngqo kule ntsimi.
Ukuqonda i-Psychology engaqhelekanga
Ukuze uqonde ingqondo engavamile, kubalulekile ukuba siqonde okokuqala sithetha ntoni ngegama elithi "engavamile." Emhlabeni, intsingiselo ibonakala ibonakala; ngokungaqhelekanga kubonisa into engaphandle kwesiqhelo.
Uninzi lwabantu luyakwazi ukulandela into eyaziwa njengeqhelekileyo. Ukujonga le ngqengqelo enjengeentsimbi, uninzi lwabantu luhlangene nendawo ephakamileyo yekhalo, eyaziwayo njengomyinge. Abantu abawela kude kakhulu ekupheleni komgca oqhelekileyo banokuthiwa "bangavamile."
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukwahlula phakathi kokuqhelekileyo nokungavumelekanga akufanekanga okulungileyo okanye okubi. Cinga uphawu olufana nolwazi. Umntu owela esiphelweni esiphezulu sekhava uya kufana phantsi kwengcaciso engavumelekanga; Lo mntu uya kuthathwa njengengqiqo . Kucacile ukuba, lo ngumzekelo apho ukuwela ngaphandle kwemimiselo ngokwenene kuyinto entle.
Xa ucinga ngeengqondo ezingavumelekanga, kunokugxila ekuhlukeni phakathi kwezinto eziqhelekileyo kunye nokungaqhelekanga, gxininisa endaweni yexinzelelo okanye ukuphazanyiswa ukuba ukuziphatha okukhathazayo kungabangela.
Ukuba ukuziphatha kubangela iingxaki ebomini bomntu okanye kuphazamiseka kwabanye abantu, oko kuya kuba "ukungaqhelekanga" ukuziphatha okungadinga uhlobo oluthile longenelelo lwempilo yengqondo.
Iimpembelelo kwi-Psychology engavamile
Kukho inani leendlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ingqondo engavamile. Nangona ezinye izazi zeengqondo okanye iingqondo zengqondo zingagxininisa kwimbono enye, abaqeqeshi bempilo yengqondo abaninzi basebenzisa izinto ezivela kwiindawo ezininzi ukuze baqonde kangcono kwaye baphathe iingxaki zengqondo.
Ezi mbono ziquka:
- Indlela ye-psychoanalytic: Le ngcamango ifumaneke kwiingcamango zikaSigmund Freud. Indlela yokusebenza kwengqondo iphakamisa ukuba ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga kuxhomekeke kwiingcamango ezingenanto, iiminqweno kunye neenkumbulo. Nangona le mivakalelo ingekho ngaphandle kokwazisa, kusenokuba kukholwa ukuba ithintela izenzo eziziwayo. Iingcali ezithatha le ndlela zikholelwa ukuba ngokuhlaziya iingcamango, ukuziphatha, iingcamango, kunye namaphupha , abantu bayakwazi ukutyhila kunye nokujongana neminye imizwa ekhokelela ekuphatheni okubi kunye nokukhathazeka.
- Indlela yokuziphatha: Le ndlela yokusebenza kwengqondo engaqhelekanga ijolise ekuziphatheni okubonakalayo. Kwimiba yokuziphatha, ugxininiso ekuqinisekiseni ukuziphatha okulungileyo kwaye kungaqinisekisi ukuziphatha okubi. Indlela yokuziphatha ijoliswe kuphela ekuziphatheni ngokwayo, kungekhona iimbangela ezingundoqo. Xa sisebenzelana nokuziphatha okungavamile, umphathiswa wezolawulo angasebenzisa izicwangciso ezifana nesimo sengqondo kunye nesimo sokusebenza ukusiza ukuphelisa ukuziphatha okungafunekiyo nokufundisa iimpawu ezintsha.
- Indlela yokwelapha: Le ndlela yokwenza ingqondo engavumelekanga igxile kwizizathu eziphilayo zesifo sengqondo, ukugxininisa ukuqonda isizathu esiyimbangela yeziphazamiso, ezinokubandakanya i-genetic heritage, izifo eziphathekayo, izifo, kunye nokungalingani kwemichiza. Unyango lwamayeza luvame ukuveliswa kwezilwanyana kwimvelo, nangona amayeza ahlala esetyenziswa ngokubambisana kunye nolunye uhlobo lwe- psychotherapy .
- Indlela yokuqonda: Indlela yokuqonda kwengqondo engaqhelekanga igxininisa indlela iingcamango zangaphakathi, imbono kunye nokuqiqa kubangela ukuba iingxaki zengqondo zenzeke. Ukunyangwa kwengqondo ngokugqithiseleyo kugxininisa ekuncedeni umntu ukuba atshintshe iingcamango zakhe okanye iimpendulo zakhe. Ulwaphulo olunokwenziwa kwengqondo lungasetyenziselwa ngokubambisana nezindlela zokuziphatha kwindlela eyaziwa njenge- cognitive therapy (CBT).
Iintlobo zeengxaki zeengqondo
Iziphazamiso zengqondo zichazwe njengeepatheni zokuziphatha okanye iimpawu zengqondo ezichaphazela indawo ezininzi zobomi. Ezi ngxaki zengqondo zidala uxinzelelo kumntu ofumana iimpawu.
I- Manual Diagnostic and Statistical of Mental Disorders ipapashwa yi-American Psychiatric Association (APA) kwaye isetyenziswe ngabaqeqeshi bempilo yengqondo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Le ncwadana iqulethe uludwe lweengxaki zengqondo, iikhowudi zokuxilonga, ulwazi malunga nokusasazeka kwesifo ngasinye, kunye neendlela zokuxilonga.
Ezinye zeentlobo zezifo zengqondo ziquka:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo
- Izifo zengqondo, ezifana nokudandatheka kunye ne-bipolar disorder
- Iziphazamiso ezixhalabileyo, njengengxaki yokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle, ukuphazamiseka kwesifo, kunye neengxaki zokukhathazeka jikelele
- Iziphazamiso ze-neurovelopmental, ezifana nokukhubazeka kwengqondo okanye i-autism disorder disorder
- Iingxaki ze-neurocognitive ezifana ne-delirium
- Ukuphazamiseka komntu, njengengxaki yomntu ongenamkhawulo, ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki yomntu kunye nokukhathazeka komntu obangelwayo
Ukuqonda okungaqhelekanga kunokuphucula ubomi
Ingqondo yengqondo engaqhelekanga ingagxininisa ekuziphatheni kwe-atypical, kodwa ingqwalasela yayo ayikuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantu bayayifumana inkcazo encinci "yesiqhelo." Kwiimeko ezininzi, zijolise ekuboneni nasekuphatheni iingxaki ezinokubangela ukuxakeka okanye ukuphazamiseka kwimiba ethile yobomi bomntu. Ngokuqonda okungcono "into engavamile," abaphandi kunye nabaphandi bangakwazi ukuza ngeendlela ezintsha zokunceda abantu baphile ubomi obuphilileyo kunye obunelisayo.