Umsunguli we-Child Psychoanalysis
Igama elithi Freud ludla ngokuqhagamshelana neSigmund, ugqirha wase-Austrian owasekela isikolo sombono obizwa ngokuba yi-psychoanalysis. Kodwa intombi yakhe encinane, uAnna Freud, wayenomdla wengqondo ochaphazelayo oye waba nefuthe elikhulu kwi-psychoanalysis, kwengqondo yengqondo, kunye nengqondo yengqondo yabantwana.
Ngubani u-Anna Freud?
U-Anna Freud wenza okungaphezu kokuhlala kwisithunzi somntwana wakhe.
Esikhundleni salokho, waba ngumnye weengxaki ze-psychoanalyst. Uyabonwa njengomsekeli wengqondo yengqondo yengqondo, nangona ubaba wakhe wayevame ukuphakamisa ukuba abantwana abanakukwazi ukugula ngengqondo.
Kwakhona wandisa umsebenzi kayise waza wafumanisa iintlobo ezininzi zeendlela zokukhusela ezisebenzisayo ukuze zikhusele kwixhala. Ngethuba u-Sigmund Freud wachaza iindlela ezininzi zokuzikhusela, yintombi yakhe u-Anna Freud obonelela ngokucacileyo kunye nokugqithiseleyo kwiinkqubo zokukhusela kwincwadi yakhe ethi Ego kunye neendlela zoKhuselo (1936). Zininzi zezi ndlela zokukhusela (ezifana nokukhanyela, ukunyanzeliswa, nokunyanzelisa) ziye zaziwa kakhulu ukuba zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiilwimi zansuku zonke.
Eyaziwa kakhulu
- Umsunguli wengqondo yengqondo
- Iinkqubo zoKhuselo
- Iminikelo ye-ego yengqondo
Ukuzalwa nokufa
- U-Anna Freud wazalwa ngo-Disemba 3, 1895, eVienna, e-Austria.
- Wafa ngo-Oktobha 9, 1982, eLondon, eNgilani
Obomi bakwangoko
Umncinane kunazo zonke abantwana baka- Sigmund Freud , u-Anna wayemfutshane kakhulu noyise. U-Anna wayengasondelene nonina yaye wathi wayenebudlelwane obukhulu kunye nabazalwana bakhe abahlanu. Waye esikolweni sabucala kodwa kamva wathi akufundile esikolweni.
Ininzi yemfundo yakhe yayivela kwiimfundiso zabahlobo bakayise kunye nabahlobo bakhe.
Umsebenzi
Emva kwesibini esikolweni esiphakeme, u-Anna Freud wasebenza njengomfundisi weziko lesiprayimari waza waqalisa ukuguqulela ezinye zezenzo zikayise kwiJamani, ekwandisa umdla wakhe kwengqondo yengqondo kunye ne-psychoanalysis. Ngoxa wayethukunyiswa kakhulu ngumsebenzi kayise, wayedlala kude nesithunzi sakhe. Umsebenzi wakhe wandisa kwiingcamango zikayise, kodwa wabuye wadala indawo yengqondo yengqondo yengqondo.
Nangona u-Anna Freud engazange azuze iqondo eliphakamileyo, umsebenzi wakhe kwi-psychoanalysis kunye nengqondo yengqondo yabangela ukuphakama kwakhe kwintsimi yengqondo . Waqala ukusebenza ngo-1923 e-Vienna, e-Austria waza waba ngumongameli we-Vienna Psycho-Analytic Society. Ngethuba lakhe eVienna, wayenempembelelo enkulu ku- Erik Erikson , owathi kamva waqhubeka nokwandisa intsimi ye-psychoanalysis kunye ne-psychology.
Ngo-1938, u-Anna waphenywa ngabaGestapo waza wabaleka eLondon kunye noyise. Ngowe-1941, wakha iHuststead Nursery kunye noBurlingham. I-nursery yasebenza njengeprogram ye-psychoanalytic kunye nekhaya labantwana abangenamakhaya.
Amava akhe e-nursery anikezela ukukhuthazwa kweencwadi ezintathu, abantwana abaselula kwixesha leMfazwe (1942), iintsana ezingenazo iintsapho (1943), kunye neMfazwe nabantwana (1943).
Emva kokuba i-Hampstead Nursery ivaliwe ngo-1945, u-Freud wadala i-Hampstead Child Therapy Course kunye neKlinikhi kwaye wakhonza njengomlawuli ukususela ngo-1952 de wafa ngo-1982.
Igalelo kwiNzululwazi
U-Anna Freud wadala intsimi yengqondo yengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wakhe wanikela kakhulu ekuqondeni kwengqondo yengqondo yabantwana. Wabuye wavelisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphatha abantwana. UFrud waphawula ukuba iimpawu zezingane zahluke kwalaba bantu abadala kwaye zazihlala zihambelana nezigaba zophuhliso. Kwakhona wachaza ngokucacileyo iinkqubo zokuzivikela ze-ego kwincwadi yakhe ethi Ego kunye neendlela zoKhuselo (1936).
Khetha Imisebenzi
- Freud, A. (1936) Ego kunye neendlela zoKhuselo.
- Freud, A. (1956-1965) Uphando kwi-Clinic Child-Clinic & Other Papers.
- Freud, A. (1965) Ukulingana nokuPhepha kwaBantwana kwi-Childhood: Uvavanyo loPhuhliso.
Biographies
- Peters, UH (1985) U- Anna Freud: Ubomi obunikezelwe kubantwana. Weidenfeld, eLondon.
- Intsha-Bruehl, E. (1988) U- Anna Freud: I-Biography. I-Summit Books, eNew York.