Ukuxhatshazwa kwezidakamizwa, ukubikwa ngokugqithisileyo Ukwandisa ngokukhawuleza
Akungabazeki ukuba ukusebenzisa i-heroin kwenza ukubuyela e-United States kunike ukwanda kwenani lokubanjelwa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni kumida yase-US kunye nokwanda ngokukhawuleza kokufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwemfuneko kwilizwe lonke.
Ukwahlula ngoku ngokusebenzisa i- heroin akukhawulelwanga kumabonakaliso omnyama nakwezinye izinto ezisemadolobheni aseMelika, zifumanisa indlela eya ezindleleni zasemaphandleni, ezitratweni zasemaphandleni kunye nezindlu eziphakamileyo eziphezulu kwiSixeko saseNew York.
Ukufikelela kweHerin
Phantse imihla ngemihla, amanqaku eendaba ezisuka kumthetho kunye namagosa ezempilo kulo lonke uhlanga zibika ngokukhawuleza kwenyuka kwi-heroin ngaphezu kokufa. KwiVermont, uGobv Pete Shumlin wanikezela idilesi yakhe yonyaka wonyaka wango-2014 kwindlu yowiso-mthetho kwizinto awabiza ngokuba yi-heroin crisis in state.
Ukuxhaphaka kwangoku kunye nokufikelela kwe-heroin ekuhlaleni kubonwa ekufeni kwe-Academy Award-winning actor Philip Seymour Hoffman , owafunyanwe efile ephethe ingalo engxenyeni yakhe kunye neengxowa ezingama-70 ze-heroin kwindlu yakhe yaseNew York eyi-R10 000 ngenyanga. .
Ukusetyenziswa kweHerinin kwandisa ngokukhawuleza
Ngokweenkcukacha ezivela kwi-Abuse yobutyebi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zezeMpilo zeNgqondo (SAMHSA), i-heroin isebenzise ngokugqithiseleyo abantu abaneminyaka eyi-12 ukuya ku-49 phakathi ko-2007 no-2011. Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho ubonakala uguqula ukusetyenziswa kwexesha lokuqala, njengokuba inani abo banomlwelwe.
- Abasebenzisi be-heroin bexesha elidlulileyo bevela kwi-373,000 ngo-2007 ukuya ku-620,000 ngo-2011, kodwa bahlaselwa kuma-435,000 ngo-2014 kunye no-329,000 ngo-2015.
- Abo baxhatshazwa kwi-heroin banduka ukusuka kuma-179,000 ngo-2005 ukuya kuma-369,000 ngo-2011 nakwi-591,000 ngo-2015.
- Abasebenzisi be-heroin bexesha lokuqala bahamba ukusuka kwi-106,000 ngo-2005 ukuya ku-212,000 ngo-2014 kodwa benqabile ukuya kuma-135 000 ngo-2015.
- Ubudala bokuqalisa ukusebenza kwe-heroin ngokubhekiselele kwiminyaka eminci ukususela ngo-2005 ukuya ku-2010 kodwa buya kutshintsha kwaye ngowama-2014 yayineminyaka yobudala kunangaphambili kwi-29.6 ubudala.
- Isimo esihle kukuba abasebenzisi abaninzi abafaka i-heroin bafuna unyango, ukwanda ukusuka kuma-26 ekhulwini ngo-2003 ukuya kuma-46 ekhulwini ngo-2013. Uninzi lwabantu alulindelanga okanye iveki enye kuphela kulindele ukungena kunyango ngo-2013.
I-Heroin Overdose Ukufa Ukunyuka
Ulawulo lweNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho lwaseMelika luphuhlise iSicatshulwa soHlolo lweSizwe soThutho luka-2016 usebenzisa idatha evela kumaziko angamawaka angamawaka karhulumente kunye nendawo. Ngokombiko we-DEA, ukufa kwabangelwa yi-heroin yokugqithisa kwenyuka ngokukhawuleza ukusuka ku-1,879 ngo-2004 kuye kwafa abantu abayi-10,574 ngo-2014. I-DEA ibonisa ukunyuka kwe-heroin ekugqithiseni ukufa kwabantu kwizinto ezintathu:
Ukufumaneka kweHighin ephezulu
Amagosa okuthotyelwa komthetho kuyo yonke indawo apho ukunyuka kwama-heroin okugqithiseleyo ukufa kubonakaliswe kwakhona kwandiswe ukunyuka kwe-heroin ephezulu ekhoyo kwisitalato. Umda we-heroin umda we-heroin wanda ngamaphesenti angama-352 ukususela ngo-2008 ukuya ku-2015, ngokwe-DEA. Amagosa akholelwa ukuba ukwanda kwe-heroin ephakamileyo e-US ivela eMexico naseMzantsi Melika, ukwandisa kwiindawo zelizwe ezisetyenziselwa uhlobo oluncinci lweziyobisi.
Ukuchithwa kwezidakamizwa ngokuchithwa kwiHerin
Ukuchithwa kwabasemagunyeni kunye nabasemagunyeni karhulumente kwimigudu yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi izidakamizwa kwaba nemiphumo engalindelekanga.
Ukugxininiswa ekuvaleleni "iipilisi zetilisi" kunye no "ugqirha wokuthenga" wenza izidakamizwa zonyango njenge-OxyContin kunzima ukufumana nokubiza kakhulu.
Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi ababenomdla weepilisi abaphulukisayo baphendukela kwi-heroin kunokuba befumaneka ngokulula kwaye bengabizi. Abantu ababesetyenzisile iipilisi zentlungu ezingezizo zonyango babengamaxesha angama-19 amathuba okuba basebenzise i-heroin kunokusebenzisa abahlukumeli abangagunyazisiyo, ngokutsho kwe-SAMHSA.
Enyanisweni, ingxelo ka-SAMHSA ka-2013 yabonisa ukuba phantse ezine kwiintlanu (iipesenti ezingama-79,5) zabasebenzisi abasebenzisa i-heroin ngaphambili babephathwa kakubi ngeentlungu zonyango. Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kunye namagosa enyango baphinda balise ukuba uninzi lwabasebenzisi be-heroin abajamelana ne-opioids ngaphambili.
Abasebenzisi abatsha baseHerinin babeselula
Enye into yokuba izikhulu ze-DEA zicinga ukuba zinegalelo kwi-heroin ngaphezu kokufa kwabantu kukuba abantu abaninzi basebenzise lesi sigqirha beselula. Umyinge weminyaka yokuqala kokusebenzisa i-heroin yehla kakhulu ukusuka ngo-2007 ukuya ku-2010, ifikelela kwiminyaka engama-21.4. Nangona kunjalo, loo mkhwa waguquka kwaye ubudala bokuqala bukhuphukela kwiminyaka engama-29.6 ngo-2014. Ukugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo ukubulawa kwabantu kubangelwa ukuba, inxalenye, ukuba abantu abaninzi abaselula nabo banxila . Inhlanganisela ingaba yingozi.
Yintoni Ingozi?
Kukho iingozi ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ekusebenziseni i-heroin: itywala kakhulu kwaye inomngcipheko omkhulu wokugqithisa ngengozi. Ngokungafani neziyobisi zonyango, i-heroin yobungqina kunye nemilinganiselo yokulinganisa ingahluka ngokubanzi. Ngokwenene, umsebenzisi we-heroin akayizi ngokwenene ukuba yiyiphi izinga leethamo abazithathayo.
Ukuba umntu usetyenziswa ukusebenzisa ifomu le-heroin eliye "lisika" okanye "liqhubekile" ngokuxuba kunye nezinye izithako kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo zifumene i-batch ye-heroin ecacileyo, imiphumo ingaba yingozi.
Ukudibene nezinye iziyobisi
Maxa wambi ama-heroin abathengisi badibanisa neziyobisi kunye nezinye izinto. Ngokomzekelo, i-heroin ye-heroin ithengiswa kwiingxowa ezibekwe "I-thraf," "Icebo elibi," okanye "iNgeniso yeNgeniso" yaxutyushwa kunye ne- painkiller fentanyl enamandla kwaye yaxelwa ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwama-22 kwindawo yasePittsburgh, iqinisekisa kwakhona ukuba abasebenzisi be-heroin bayazi ukuba bafumana ntoni.
Kwakhona, i-heroin yinto eqhelekileyo ifunyenwe into engekho mthethweni echaphazelekayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala. Ukusela utywala kunye naluphi na i-opioid inobungozi kakhulu kuba zombini ziyiinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo zentlanzi ezinokudibanisa ukuyeka ukuphefumula komsebenzisi.
I-DEA isebenza ukujongana nalokhu ngokwandisa ulwazi phakathi kwabagqirha kunye nabagqirha be-heroin kunye neengxaki zeziyobisi zonyango.
> Imithombo:
> Iinkampani zeeNyango ezingaphelelwanga UkuThuthukiswa kokuSebenza kunye nokuQala kokuSebenzisa iHeroin eUnited States . Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zezeMpilo yengqondo. http://archive.samhsa.gov/data/2k13/DataReview/DR006/nonmedical-pain-reliever-use-2013.pdf.
> Uvavanyo lweSizwe loLwaphulo-mthetho luka-2016. US Ulawulo Lokusetyenziswa Kogunyaziso. https://www.hsdl.org/c/2016-national-drug-threat-assessment/.
> Iziphumo ezivela kwiSaveyi kaZwelonke ka-2015 malunga nokuSebenzisa iMichiza kunye neMpilo: Iingxelo eziPhezulu. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zezeMpilo yengqondo. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH-DetTabs-2015/NSDUH-DetTabs-2015/NSDUH-DetTabs-2015.htm.