I-4 enkulu yamaJungian Archetypes
I-Archetypes yayingumxholo owaziswa ngu-Swiss psychiatrist uCarl Jung, owayekholelwa ukuba i-archetypes yayingumzekelo wabantu, ukuziphatha, okanye ubuntu. U-Archetypes, wacetyiswa ukuba, ukuzalwa kwintlalo edlala indima ekuthandeni ukuziphatha kwabantu.
UJung wayekholelwa ukuba i-psyche yomntu yayakhiwa ngamalungu amathathu: i- ego , ukungazi kakuhle , kunye nokungazihlanganisi. Ngokutsho kweJung, i-ego imele ingqondo eyaziwayo ngelixa ukungazi mntu kuqukethe iinkumbulo eziquka ezo ziye zacinywa. I-collective consciousness is ayingxenye ekhethekileyo kwiJung ukuba ikholelwa ukuba le nxalenye yesimo sengqondo yasebenza njengelifa leengqondo. Iqulethe lonke ulwazi kunye namava esiwabelana ngayo njengezilwanyana.
Kwiingqondo zeJungian, i-archetypes ibonisa iipatheni zendalo kunye nemifanekiso eyingxenye yokungazihlanganisi. UJung wayekholelwa ukuba sizuze le mihla yamarchetypes ngendlela esilula ngayo iipatheni zendlela yokuziphatha.
Imvelaphi yeArchetypes
Zivela phi ezi zi-archtypes? Iqoqo elingenalwazi, uJung wayekholelwa, yilapho ezi ndawo zikhona khona. Wacetyisa ukuba le mizekelo ingabonakaliyo, yendalo yonke, kwaye ilifa. I-Archetypes ayifumananga kwaye isebenze ukuhlela indlela esinokuhlangabezana ngayo nezinto ezithile.
"Zonke iingcinga ezinamandla kumlando zibuyela kwi-archetypes," uJung wachaza kwincwadi yakhe ethi Structure of Psyche .
"Oku kunjalo ngokwenene kwiingcamango zonqulo, kodwa iingcamango eziphambili zesayensi, ifilosofi kunye neendlela zokuziphatha azifani nale mgaqo. Ngendlela yabo yangoku, ziyimibono yeengcamango ze-archtypal ezidalwe ngokusetyenziswa ngokuzimeleyo kwaye ziguqule ezi ngcamango. yinto yomsebenzi wokuqonda, kungekhona nje ukuqonda kunye nokuqhelanisa ihlabathi langaphandle ngokusebenzisa isango lentliziyo kodwa ukuguqulela kwizinto ezibonakalayo kwihlabathi ngaphakathi kwethu, "wacetyiswa.
UJung wenqatshelwe ingcamango ye-tabula rasa, okanye ingcamango yokuba ingqondo yomntu iyicwecwe elingenanto ekuzalweni ukuze ibhalwe phantsi kuphela ngamava. Wayekholelwa ukuba ingqondo yomntu igcina izinto ezingundoqo, ezingenalo, izinto eziphilayo zezoyihlo. Le 'mifanekiso ebalulekileyo,' njengoko waqala ukuyibamba, isebenza njengesiseko esisisiseko sendlela yokuba ngumntu.
La maqhinga angama-archaic kunye neengqungquthela ezenza i-archetypes zihlala nabo bonke abantu abavela kwihlabathi lonke, uJung ukholelwa, yiyo le i-archetypes ebonakalisa izizathu ezisisiseko zabantu, ixabiso kunye nobuntu. Wayekholelwa ukuba i-archetype nganye yayinendima ebuntwini, kodwa wayevakalelwa kukuba abaninzi abantu babelawulwa ngumbutho othile. Indlela eyiyo apho i-archtype iboniswa okanye iyacaca incike kwizinto ezininzi ezibandakanya iimpembelelo zenkcubeko kunye namava abo ahlukeneyo.
I-Jung yafumanisa i-archetypes emine enkulu, kodwa yayikholelwa ukuba akukho myinge kwinani elingaba khona. Masiqwalasele ngokuthe kratya kwii-archetypes ezine eziphambili ezichazwe nguJung kunye nabanye abambalwa abahlala bechongwa.
I-Persona
I-persona yindlela esizibonisa ngayo kwihlabathi. Igama elithi "persona" lithathwe kwigama lesiLatini elisho ngokuthethi "imaski." Akusiyo imaski yangempela, nangona kunjalo. I-persona ibonisa zonke iimpawu zeentlalo ezahlukeneyo esizigqoka phakathi kwamaqela kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo. Isebenza ukukhusela i-ego ukusuka kwimifanekiso engalunganga. Ngokutsho kweJung, i-persona ingabonakala ngamaphupha kwaye ithathe iifom ezahlukeneyo.
Ngaphezulu kwenkqubo yophuhliso, abantwana bafunda ukuba kufuneka baziphathe ngendlela ezithile ukuze bahambelane nokulindela uluntu kunye nemigangatho. I-persona ikhula njengemaski esentlalo ukuze iqulethe zonke izibongozo zokuqala, iimpembelelo kunye neemvakalelo ezingacatshangwanga ukuba ziyamkeleka kuluntu. I-persona archetype ivumela abantu ukuba bazivumelanise nehlabathi elibajikelezile kwaye bahambelane noluntu abahlala kulo. Nangona kunjalo, ukugqithiswa ngokugqithiseleyo kule archetype kunokukhokelela abantu ukuba bangazibaleli zabo ngokwenene.
I-Shadow
Isithunzi si-archtype equkethe isondo kunye nobomi bendalo. Umthunzi ukhona njengengxenye yengqondo engenalwazi kwaye uqulethwe iingcamango eziphazamisekileyo, ubuthathaka, iiminqweno, izimo, kunye nokungaziphathi.
Isithunzi sivela kwimizamo yethu yokuzilungelelanisa kwimimiselo kunye nokulindela. Yile ngqungquthela equlethe zonke izinto ezingamkelekanga kuphela kuluntu, kodwa nakwiimpawu zokuziphatha kunye neempawu zomntu. Ingabandakanya izinto ezifana nomona, ukuhaha, ukubandlulula , inzondo kunye nobutshaba .
Le archetype idla ngokuchazwa njengecala elimnyama le-psyche, elimelela i-wildness, i-chaos, kunye engaziwayo. Le miqathango ifikeleleke kuthi sonke, uJung ukholelwa, nangona abantu bezinye ixesha bekhanyela le nxalenye yengqondo yabo kwaye endaweni yoko baxhomekeke kwabanye.
UJung wacebisa ukuba isithunzi singavela kumaphupha okanye kwimibono kwaye singathatha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Inokubonakala ngathi inyoka, i-monster, idemon, inyoka, okanye enye into ebumnyama, isendle, okanye i-exotic figure.
I-Anima okanye i-Animus
I-anima ngumfanekiso wesetyhini kwi-psyche yindoda, kwaye i-animus ngumfanekiso wesilisa kwi-psyche ye-female. I-anima / animus imela "okwenyaniso" kunomfanekiso esiwubonakalisa kwabanye kwaye usebenza njengomthombo oyintloko wokunxibelelana kunye nokungaqondi.
UJung wayekholelwa ukuba utshintsho lwezendalo kunye nempembelelo yentlalo zenze igalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwezesondo kunye nolwazi lwesini. UJung wacetyiswa ukuba impembelelo ye-animus ne-anima archetypes nayo yabandakanywa kule nkqubo. Ngokutsho kweJung, i-animus ibonisa isimo semadoda kubasetyhini ngelixa i-anima imela into ebhinqa kumadoda.
Le mizobo ye-archtypal isekelwe kuzo zombini ezifunyanwe kwizinto ezingabonakaliyo. Ingqoqo engahlanganiswanga ingaba neengcamango malunga nendlela abafazi bafanele baziphatha ngayo ngelixa amava abo kunye nabafazi, intombi, oodade kunye noomama banegalelo kwimifanekiso yabanye yabasetyhini.
Kwiinkcubeko ezininzi, ngoko ke, amadoda kunye nabasetyhini bakhuthazwa ukuba bathathe indima yenkcubeko yesintu kwaye isoloko iyanzima. UJung wacetyisa ukuba ukudimazeka kwamadoda ekuhloliseni iinkalo zabo zesetyhini kunye nabafazi bahlolisisa iziganeko zabo zesintu zaye zaphazamisa ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo.
I-anima kunye ne-animus edibeneyo iyaziwa njengesi-syzygy okanye isibini esivela kuThixo. I-syzygy ibonisa ukugqiba, ukudibanisa kunye nokuphelelwa ngumzimba.
I-Self
Ubungqina bobuqu obubonisa ukungazi kakuhle kunye nokuqonda komntu. Ukudala uqobo kubonakala ngenkqubo eyaziwa njengabantu ngabanye, apho imiba eyahlukeneyo yobuntu idibeneyo. U-Jung wayevame ukumelela ngokwakhe njengesangqa, isikwere, okanye i-mandala.
I-self-archetype imela i-psyche ehlangeneyo ngokupheleleyo. UJung waphakamisa ukuba kwakukho amaziko amabini ahlukeneyo wobuntu. I-ego yenza i-center ye-consciousness, kodwa yiyo yedwa ephakathi kwendawo yobuntu. Ubuntu abubandakanyi nje ingqalelo kuphela, kodwa i-ego kunye nengqondo engazi. Unokucinga ngale nto ngokucinga isangqa kunye nephayinti ngqo kwiziko. Isangqa sonke sizenzele, apho icandelo elincinane eliphakathi limelela i-ego.
I-Jung, injongo eyona nto yayikukuba umntu azuze umqondo wokuzibandakanya, ufana nezindlela ezininzi kuMqondo we-Maslow wokuziphendulela .
Ezinye iArchetypes
UJung wacetyisa ukuba inani lamarchetypes asele lingazange lugxininiswe okanye lugqitywe. Endaweni yoko, amaninzi ahlukeneyo angaphinda athathwe okanye adibanise nayiphi na ixesha. Ezi zilandelayo zimbalwa ezimbalwa zeentlobo ze-archetypes ezichazwe nguJung:
- Ubawo: Igunya lolawulo; stern; namandla.
- Unina: Ukunyusa; thu thuzela.
- Umntwana: Ukulangazelela ukungabi namacala; kuzalwa kwakhona; usindiso.
- Umdala osisilumko: Isikhokelo; ulwazi; bulumko.
- Iqhawe: Iqhawe; mkhuseli; msindisi.
- Intombazana: Ukungabi namthetho; nqwenela; ku coceka.
- Iqhinga: Umkhohlisi; buxoki; umenzi wengxaki.
ILizwi
Iingcamango zikaJung zivame ukuxoxwa ngaphantsi kunezo zeFrud, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi kaJung wawuthambekele ekufundiseni izinto eziyingcali kunye neengcinga. Konke, i-Jung's archetypes ayibonakali kakuhle kwiingqondo zanamhlanje kwaye zihlala zifundwa ngokubanzi njengengqungquthela yomlando kunegalelo elikhulu kwisayensi yengqondo nokuziphatha.
> Imithombo:
> Jung, CJ. Ezine iArchetypes. ENew York: uRoutledge; 2014.
> Watts, J, Cockcroft, K, noDuncan, N. uPhuhliso lweengqondo. IKapa: I-Press ye-UCT; 2009.