I-Hysteria ibonakala ngathi iyigama elisebenza kubantu abanengqondo encinci, ngoko kuya kukumangalisa ukuba ufunde ukuba kwakukho ukuxilongwa kwezempilo. Ngokwemigqaliselo yomntu, i-hysteria isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuchaza ukuziphatha okubonakala kubangele kwaye kungabikho kolawulo.
Xa umntu ephendula ngendlela ebonakalayo engathandabuzekiyo ngokwemeko, zidla ngokuchazwa njenge-hysterical.
Ngethuba lexesha lika-Victorian, eli gama laliqhelekileyo lisetyenziselwa ukubhekisela kwiimpawu ezininzi ezibonakalayo kuphela kubafazi.
Ngoko yintoni eyayibukeka ngayo? Iimpawu zokugula zibandakanya ukukhubazeka okuyingxenye, ukucoca, kunye nokutya. Eli gama kucatshangelwa ukuba livela kumgqirha waseGrike wamaGreki uHippocrates, owazibandakanya ezi mpawu ngokuhamba kwentsholongwane yowesifazane kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni. Iingcamango zakudala zazikholelwa ukuba umbele wesifazane unokuhamba ngokukhululeka kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zomzimba, ngokuqhelekileyo kubangele iimpawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nezifo ezisekelwe kwiindlela zokuhamba. Ixesha elithi hysteria ngokwalo livela kwi- hystera yesiGrike, oku kuthetha isisu.
I-Hysteria ayinakuba sisifo sengqondo sokugula ngengqondo namhlanje, kodwa ngumzekelo omhle wendlela amaqondo angabonakala ngayo, atshintshe, kwaye atshintshwe njengoko sithola ukuqonda ngakumbi indlela umntu acinga ngayo nokuziphatha.
Imbali ye-Hysteria
Ngexesha lama-1800 ekupheleni kwexesha, i-hysteria yabonwa njengengxaki yengqondo .
I-French neurologist ye-neurologist uJean-Martin Charcot wasebenzisa i- hypnosis ukuze aphathe abafazi abanesifo.
Imfihlelo yezinto ezinobungozi yadlala indima enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kwangaphambili kwe-psychoanalysis. Umntu owaziwayo wase-Austrian psychoanalyst u- Sigmund Freud wayefunde noCharcot, ngoko ke waqala ukufumana izigulane ezafunyaniswa nezifo kunye neendlela zikaCharcot zokonyango.
Yayingumsebenzi kaFreud kunye noJoseph Breuer kunye naye u- Anna O. , umfazi osemncinci ofumana iimpawu zokungcola, wancedisa ekuphuhliseni unyango lwe-psychoanalytic . UAna wayefumene ukuba ukuthetha nje ngeengxaki zakhe kunye nomthetheli wakhe kunempembelelo enkulu kwimpilo yakhe. Wabiza le ngonyango "unyango lokuthetha" kwaye ngoku ngoku kuthethwa njengonyango lwentetho.
Omnye wezigulane zikaCarl Jung, umfazi oselula ogama linguSabina Spielrein , wayecatshangelwa ukuba unesifo. U-Jung noFreud bavame ukuxoxwa ngetyala likaSpielrein, eliye lachaphazela iingcamango zombini amadoda. USpielrein ngokwakhe waqeqeshwa njengengqondo ye-psychoanalyst waza wancedisa ukuzisa indlela yengqondo yaseRashiya ngaphambi kokuba abulawe ngamaNazi ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II.
Hysteria In Modern Psychology
Namhlanje, iingqondo zenza iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zeziphazamiso ezaziwa ngokusemthethweni njenge-hysteria ezibandakanya iziphazamiso zokuxhamla kunye neengxaki ze-somatoform. Iziphazamiso ze-Dissociative ziziintlupheko zengqondo ezibandakanya ukuphazamiseka okanye ukuphazanyiswa kwimimandla yolwazi kuquka ubunikazi kunye nememori. Ezi ntlobo zengxaki ziquka i-fugue ye-dissociative, i-dissociative disorderative disorder, kunye ne-dissociative amnesia.
I-Somatoform disorder yinkalo yesifo sengqondo esichaphazelekayo esibandakanya izibonakaliso zomzimba ezingenayo imbangela yenyama. Ezi ziqhelo zihlala zifana nezifo zonyango okanye ukulimala. Izifo ezinjalo ziquka ukuguqulwa kwengxaki, ukukhubazeka komzimba, kunye nokugula kwesifo.
Ngo-1980, i-American Psychological Association yaguqula ukuxilongwa kwabo "nge-hysterical neurosis, uhlobo lokuguqula" kwi "ingxaki yokuguquka." Kwimpapasho yakutshanje ye- DSM-5 , iimpawu ezabe zibhalwe phantsi kwe-ambulula ebanzi ye-hysteria ziya kufana phantsi kwezinto ezibhekiselwe ngoku njengengxaki yesifo somatic.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zeengqondo (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Umbhali; 2013.
UMicklem, N. Uhlobo lwe-Hysteria. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-12186-8; 1996.