Ii-MAOIs, i-SSRIs, i-SNRIs, i-TCIs, kunye ne-Atypical
Kukho iiklasi ezinhlanu eziphambili zokuxhatshazwa. Nantsi into abayiyo, imizekelo nganye, nendlela abasebenza ngayo.
Iibhendi zeBrain ezibandakanyeka kuMgaqo weMood
Kukho ezintathu iamolekyu eziphambili, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-monoamines, ezikholelwa ukuba zibandakanyeka kumgaqo-myalelo wokulawula imizwa, kuquka:
- I-Serotonin: i- 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), eyaziwa ngokuba yi- serotonin , iye yaqulunqwa yinkompo ye "brain-feeling".
- I-Norepinephrine: Enye i-neurotransmitter edibene nexinzelelo kwaye ixhomekeke kwindlela oziveleleyo ngayo. Inqanaba eliphantsi le-norepinephrin kucatshangelwa ukuba lidibene nenkohlakalo yobuchopho abantu abaninzi abanamava okudandatheka.
- I-Dopamine: Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uve ngezinga elingaphansi kwe- dopamine kwinxalenye yengqondo ebizwa ngokuba yi- substantia nigra enxulumene nesifo sikaParkinson, kodwa kukho enye into yokudopamine. Kwi-lobes yangaphambili yeengqondo, idibene nokucinga okunzima kunye nokusombulula iingxaki. Enyanisweni, kucingelwa ukuba iziphumo ezikhuthazayo zeekhemikhali ezinjenge-nicotine kunye ne-cocaine zihambelana nemiphumo yazo kwiziko lovuzo lwe-dopamine.
Ezi molekyuli zi-neurotransmitters, izithunywa zeekhemikhali ezithumela imiyalezo kuyo yonke ingqondo. Unokufumana kukunceda ukufunda okungakumbi malunga nendima yama-neurotransmitter in depression .
Iiklasi zeMiyeza yokuThatshazwa
Amachiza e-Antidepressant mayeza ngokubanzi ngokusekelwe kwindlela abachaphazela ngayo le milamle emithathu, nangona i-tricyclics yinto ehlukile kulo mgaqo.
Amachiza aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa ngeli xesha aquka i-serotonin e-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) kunye ne-serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (i-SNRIs), nangona yonke le myeza isetyenziswa kwabanye abantu.
Nazi iiklasi eziphambili ze-anti-depressants, kunye neendlela zabo zokuziphatha kunye nemizekelo yezidandlululo ezikhoyo kwezo zifundo.
I-Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Enye yeeklasi zokuqala ezixinzelelekileyo eziye zaphuhliswa ziyi- monoamine oxidase inhibitors (ii-MAOIs). Uhlobo oluxhatshazwayo, oluthe lwafunyanwa ngawo-1950, luvimbela isenzo se-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i- monoamine oxidase . Ekubeni umsebenzi we-monoamine oxidase ukwaphuka kwe-monoamines, ukuvinjelwa kwayo kuvumela ukuba amaninzi angama-neurotransmitters anxulumene nomgaqo-myalelo wokuhlala ufumaneke ngaphakathi kwengqondo.
Imizekelo ye-monoamine oxidase inhibitors ezivunyiweyo yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ziquka:
- Nardil (phenelzine)
- Parnate (tranylcypromine)
- Marplan (isocarboxazid)
- Emsam (selegiline)
I-Monoamine oxidase inhibitors isetyenziswe kangangoko kunamanye ama-antidepressants kwaye kunzima ukuyithatha njengoko baninzi ukusabela kokusongela ubomi xa kudibaniswa namanye amayeza okanye ukutya okuqukethe i-tyramine . Ukuthatha ii-MAOI ngokuqhelekileyo kufaka phakathi izithintelo zokutya.
I-Tricyclic Antidepressants
Olunye udidi lokuqala lwe-anti-depressant yi- tricyclic antidepressants (TCIs), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-tetracyclic okanye i-cyclic antidepressants, ezafunyenwe ngawo-1950. Ngokungafani nezinye iiklasi ze-anti-depressants, eli klasi libizwe ngokusekelwe kwimizi yeekhemikhali zalo, ezakhiwa ngamacandari amathathu adibeneyo.
I-Tricyclics isebenza ngentsholongwane yokudandathelanisa ngokuvimbela iiseliti zamagulane ekubuyiseni kwakhona i-serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrine, evumela ukuba ezinye zezi zinto zifumaneke ukuze zisetyenziswe kwingqondo.
Imizekelo ye-tricyclic anti-depressants iquka:
- Elavil (amitryptyline)
- I-Norpramin (desipramine)
- Asendin (amoxapine)
- I-Anafranil (i-clomipramine)
- Pamelor (nortriptyline)
- ETofranil (imipramine)
- Vivactil (protriptyline)
- Surmontil (trimipramine)
- Sinequan (doxepin)
Maprotiline
I-Tricyclic antidepressants, njenge-MAOIs, ithambekele ekubeni neempembelelo ezingaphezulu kunezigaba ezitsha zokuxhatshazwa kwengxoxo ezichazwe ngezantsi, kubandakanywa ukubethelwa komlomo, umlomo owomileyo, umbono onqamlekileyo, ukufumana ubunzima, kunye ne-arrhythmias yenhliziyo.
Kodwa kunjalo, zinezinye iziphumo ezongezelelweyo, kwaye i- tricyclic antidepressants isetyenziselwa ezinye iimeko ezivela kwiintlungu ezingapheliyo ukuya kwi-migraines ukuya kwi-dispersive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
I-Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (i-SSRIs)
I-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ekhethiweyo isebenza ngokuvimbela ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwe-serotonin, okuvumela ukuba i-serotonin eninzi ihlale ikhona. I-SSRI yayiklasi lokuqala lokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi eziye zaphuhliswa ngamabomu njengeengxaki zokuxhatshazwa kwimizimba kunokuba iziphumo zabo ezixhatshazwayo zifunyanwa ngethuba. Ziye zaphuhliswa ekuqaleni kwee-1970.
Imizekelo ye-SSRI iquka:
- Prozac (i-fluoxetine)
- Paxil (paroxetine)
- Zoloft (sertraline)
- Celexa (citalopram)
- Luvox (i-fluvoxamine)
- Lexapro (escitalopram)
- Viibryd (vilazodone)
I-SSRI ithambekele ekubeni nemiphumo embalwa yecala kuneemichiza endala kodwa isenokusabela ngendlela engafanelekiyo, kubandakanywa ukungasebenzi kwezesondo . Ngaphandle kweprozac, ezininzi zala mayeza kufuneka zixilwe ngokukhawuleza xa zimisiwe njengoko zinokubangela ukuba i-constellation engabonakaliyo yeempawu ezibizwa ngokuba yi- SSRI yokuyeka ukugula .
I-Serotonin kunye ne-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (i-SNRIs)
I-Serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (i-SNRIs) ukuxinezeleka ngoncedo ngendlela efana ne-SSRI ngaphandle kokuba bavimbela ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwe-norepinephrin ngaphezu kwe-serotonin. I-SNRI yokuqala yayivunywe yi-FDA ngoDisemba 1993.
Ukwandisa i-norepinephrine ngaphezu kwe-serotonin kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kubantu ababona ukukhathala nokudakumba kwabo ( ukudandatheka kunye nokulibala kwe-psychomotor ). Ezi zonyango zisetyenziselwa abantu abane-fibromyalgia kunye nesifo esingapheliyo.
Imizekelo ye-SNRI iquka:
- Effexor (venlafaxine)
- I-Cymbalta (duloxetine)
- Pristiq (desvenlafaxine)
- Savella (milnacipran)
- Fetzima (levomilnacipran)
Atypical Antidepressants
Kukho nezinye izidalwa ezixinzelelekileyo ezichasene nazo ezingahambelani nakweliphi na le nkcazo ngasentla, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-anti-depressant atypical. Ama-anti-depressant atypical asebenza ngokutshintsha amanqanaba enye okanye ngaphezulu kwe-neurotransmitters, njenge-dopamine, i-serotonin, okanye i-norepinephrine, kodwa nganye isebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ezinye zala mayeza anokuba luncedo kakhulu xa unengxaki yokubambisana ngesondo nakwezinye izidakamizwa.
Imizekelo yeengxaki zokuxhatshazwa kwezilwanyana ziquka:
- Wellbutrin (bupropion)
- Remeron (mirtazapine)
- Desyrel (trazodone)
- ITrintellix (vortioxetine)
- Nefazodone
Ukukhetha I-Anti-stressist Best for Depression
Kukho imiba emininzi eya ekukhetheni i-anti-depressant . Icandelo lokuzikhethela lingahle lifike kwimiphumo emibi ongayifumana. Ugqirha wakho uya kunceda ukuba wenze isigqibo sokuba yiyiphi imichiza engcono kunawe, nangona unokuba uzame ezininzi phambi kokuba ufumene osebenza ngokuphambili ngempumelelo yeziphumo ezimbi.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukunyamezeleka kudla ngokugqithiseleyo xa kuhlanganiswe iimodalities. Ezi zingabandakanya i- psychotherapy , ngokukhawuleza ukujongana naziphi na izinto ezinokuba negalelo ekudakaleni kwakho njengentlungu engapheliyo kunye neendlela zokuzinceda. Thatha ixesha lokufunda iingcebiso zokuhlangabezana nokudakumba okunokuba luncedo kungakhathaliseki ukuba unyango olukhethiweyo.
> Imithombo
- > Abasebenzi beKliniki yabasebenzi. Atypical Antidepressants. Clinical Mayo. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJuni 25, 2016.
- > Abasebenzi beKliniki yabasebenzi. I-Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs). Clinical Mayo. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJuni 8, 2016.
- > Abasebenzi beKliniki yabasebenzi. I-Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). Clinical Mayo. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJuni 24, 2016.
- > Abasebenzi beKliniki yabasebenzi. I-Serotonin kunye ne-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (i-SNRIs). Clinical Mayo. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJuni 21, 2016.
- > Abasebenzi beKliniki yabasebenzi. I-Tricyclic Antidepressants kunye neTetracyclic Antidepressants. Clinical Mayo. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJuni 28, 2016.