Yintoni eyahlukileyo phakathi koKhathalelo lweNtlalo kunye noluntu oluKodwa
Iintlobo zengxaki yokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle (SAD) eziqatshelwa yintlalo yoluntu yengqondo ziye zatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ezimbini iintlobo zengxaki yokuxhalaba kwentlalo zaye zachongwa, ezahlukileyo ngokwemiqathango yazo: i-SAD jikelele kunye ne-SAD ethile.
I-disadvantaged disorder disorder (SAD) ngokubanzi iquka ukwesaba imeko yentlalo kunye nokusebenza apho abanye bangakugweba kakubi.
Uninzi lwabantu abaneengxaki ziyazibona, kwaye zi nokuba nezibonakaliso zomzimba ezifana neentlanzi, ukugubha okanye ukuphazamiseka xa zijikeleze abantu okanye zenza.
Nangona kunjalo, i-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) ayiqapheli iindidi ezahlukileyo zengxakini yokuxhalaba kwentlalo ngendlela efanayo neenguqu zangaphambili (DSM-IV).
Uxinzelelo lweZentlalo ezixhalabisayo
Kwangaphambili ukuya kwi-DSM-V, abo banokuxhalaba kweentlalo jikelele bachazwa njengokwesaba malunga neemeko zentlalo kunye nokusebenza, kubandakanywa oku kulandelayo:
- ukuthetha nabaphathi bamagunya
- uhamba ngemihla
- ukuqalisa iingxoxo
- okanye ukunikela iintetho
Abantu abanenkxalabo yezenhlalakahle zentlalo babecingelwa ukuba bangakhathazeki malunga nabani na kodwa amalungu abo osondeleyo entsapho. I-SAD yesiGaba yayibhekwa njengoluhlobo olubi kakhulu lwengxaki kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo luhamba kunye nokukhubazeka okukhulu kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
Uxinzelelo oluthile lokukhathazeka kweNtlalo
Kwangaphambili ukuya kwi-DSM-V, inkxalabo ethile yokukhathazeka kwentlalo ichazwa njengokuba uxhala kunye noyiko oluxhomekeke kwiimeko ezimbalwa zentlalo kunokuba kuninzi okanye zonke. Ngokomzekelo, umntu unokwesaba ukuthetha koluntu kodwa udibanise kakuhle kwiqela. Le ndlela yokuxhalabisa kwentlalo yayicinga ukuba iyingozi kakhulu, njengoko inokunciphisa abantu ukuba banandiphe ubomi ngokuzeleyo, badibana nabahlobo, okanye baphumelele kwimisebenzi.
I-DSM-5 Inkcazo
Ngokukhululwa kwe-DSM-5, iintlobo zeentlobo zeentlalo kunye neentlobo ezithile zengxaki yokuxhalaba kweentlalo zazingabonakali. Esikhundleni salo, "inkcazo yokusebenza kuphela" ingafakwa kwi-diagnosis ye-SAD. Ngale ndlela, kubonakala ngathi kukho iindidi zengxaki yokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle (i-SAD) njengoko kuye kwaba khona ngaphambili; Nangona kunjalo, indlela ugqirha wakho enza ngayo ukuxilongwa kubonakala ehlukile kune-DSM-5.
Isizathu esinikwe nguMbutho we-American Psychiatric Association (APA), umshicileli we-DSM-5, ngokususa uhlobo oluqhelekileyo, ukuba kwakunzima oogqirha ukuba balinganise umqathango, "ukwesaba kubandakanya iindawo ezininzi zoluntu." Nangona kunjalo, i-APA iye yavuma ukuba abantu abanoyikayo kuphela iimeko zentsebenzo kubonakala behluke kwalabo abane-SAD engaphezulu, ngokumalunga nokuba bangakanani ubudala xa beqala ukuxhalabisa, ziphi iimpawu zokukhathazeka abazifumanayo, nendlela abaphendula ngayo unyango.
Unyango lwexhala leNtlalo
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba unayo impawu okanye uxanduva oluthile lokukhathazeka kwentlalo, unyango olusebenzayo lufumaneka. I-ctnitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), uhlobo lwe-psychotherapy olujongene neengxaki zangoku kwaye lubonisa ukucinga okungalunganga, lunokukunceda kakhulu.
Ngokusebenzisa i-CBT, uya kufunda izicwangciso kunye nezindlela zokukunceda ukujamelana neemeko ezahlukeneyo. Emva kokuzalisa unyango lwezengqondo, abantu abaninzi abanexhala bathi batshintshe ubomi babo baza bavula iingcango; banokwenza izinto abazange bacinge ukuba banako, njengokuhamba okanye ukwenza phambi kwabanye.
Kwezinye iimeko, ingakumbi kulabo abaneengxaki ezixhalabisayo zentlalo yoluntu, ugqirha unokuncoma ukuba uzame amayeza. Oku kunokukunceda uhlaziye ingqondo yakho kwaye ukhuphe ukuzithemba, ukuvumela ukuba ugxilise kwiyeza kwaye uqale ukwenza inkqubela.
Ukufumana uMcali weengxaki zeNtlalo
Khangela umgqirha ogxininisekile kwiintlungu zokuxhalabisa.
Ngaphandle kwemvelaphi kule miqathango, ugqirha wakho akayi kuqonda ngokupheleleyo iimpawu zakho okanye anganciphise okanye akhuphe ngokukhawuleza oko uvakalelwa. Umboneleli wezempilo onokuqonda ingxaki yokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle kunye nokunyangwa kwengqondo yokuziphatha uya kusebenza nawe ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokulawula ingxaki.
ILizwi
Kubalulekile ukuqonda uhlobo loxinzelelo lwengxakini yoluntu olunikezelweyo. Sebenzisana nogqirha okanye ingcali yezempilo yengqondo ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nokuxilongwa kwakho kunye noko kuthetha ntoni ngokwemigaqo yonyango lwakho kunye nokuxela. Ukuba ukuxilongwa kwakho kubandakanya "inkcazo yokusebenza" kuphela, unyango olulinganiswa nemeko ethile yokusebenza eyenza ukhathazeke.
> Imithombo:
> I-Dalrymple K, D'Avanzato C. Ukuhlukanisa iintlobo zengxaki yokukhathazeka kwentlalo. Iingcali zeRev Neurother . 2013; 13 (11): 1271-1283.
> Heimberg RG, uHofmann SG, uLiebowitz MR, et al. Ingxaki yokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle kwi-DSM-5. Cinezela uxhalabe . 2014; 31 (6): 472-479.
ISiko leSizwe seMpilo yengqondo. Ukukhathazeka ngokuxhalabisa.
IYunivesithi yasePennsylvania kwiSebe leengqondo. Ukukhathazeka kweNtlalo.
Psych Central. I-DSM-5 Iintshintsho: Ukukhathazeka kwezixhala kunye neFobias.