KuVivo, Imaginal, Interoceptive and Extenure Methods Exposure
Kuye kwafunyanwa unyango lwe-Exposure ukulungisa ngokufanelekileyo iimpawu zengxaki yokuxinzelela emva kokuphazamiseka ( post-traumatic disorder disorder ), kunye neempawu zenye ingxaki yokuxhalabisa.
Ngolu hlobo lweendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, jonga ukuba yintoni unyango olufanelekileyo.
Sibanzi
Ulwaphulo lwe-Exposure luthathwa njengendlela yokuziphatha yePTSD. Oku kungenxa yokuba unyango lwezonyango ezifunyenweyo abantu ababandakanyekayo (ngokuqhelekileyo ukuphepha) ekuphenduleni imeko okanye iingcamango kunye nezikhumbuzo ezibhekwa njengezoyikrakra okanye ezixhalabisayo.
Ngokomzekelo, umntu osindayo ongathandwayo angaqala ukukhusela ubudlelwane okanye ukuphuma ngemihla eyoyika ukuba uya kuhlaselwa kwakhona.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba oku kuphunyezwa ukukhusela kwenza injongo. Xa umntu efumana isiganeko esibuhlungu , unokuqalisa ukwenza iindlela zokuphepha iziganeko ezisongelayo ngenjongo yokuzama ukukhusela ukuba loo nto ibuhlungu ingabikho kwakhona.
Ngeendlela ezininzi, oku kuphepha kukufuna ukhuseleko okanye ukukhusela. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ukuziphatha kokuphepha kukuba nzima kakhulu, umgangatho wobomi wobomi unganciphisa. Unokulahlekelwa intsebenziswano kunye nosapho okanye ubunzima obujamelene nomsebenzi okanye ubudlelwane.
Ukongezelela, ukuphepha kungenza iimpawu ze-PTSD zinyamezele ixesha elide okanye zomelele. Oko kukuthi, ngenxa yokuba umntu ukhusela iimeko ezithile, iingcamango, okanye iimvakalelo, akanalo ithuba lokufunda ukuba ezi meko zingaze zisongela njengoko zibonakala ngathi.
Ukongezelela, ngokuphepha iingcamango, iinkumbulo kunye neemvakalelo, umntu akayikuzivumela ngokupheleleyo ezo zinto.
Injongo yonyango lokutyhila ke kukunciphisa ukwesaba komntu kunye nokuxhalabisa, kunye nenjongo ekugqibeleni yokuphelisa ukuziphatha kokuphepha nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi. Oku kwenziwa ngokujongana nezinto ezenziwa ngumntu.
Xa sibhekene neemeko ezixhalabileyo, iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo, umntu unokufunda ukuba ukuxhalabisa kunye nokwesaba kuya kuncipha.
Ngaloo ndlela, umntu ujamelane njani neemeko ezixhalabileyo, iingcamango, kunye neemvakalelo ngexesha lokunyanga? Zininzi iindlela eziya kusetyenziswa ngumgqirha. Ezi zichazwe ngezantsi.
Iindlela
KwiVivo Exposure
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-vivo kubhekisela kumbambano ochanekileyo wezinto, izinto okanye iimeko ezenziwa ngumntu ophantsi kolawulo lomgqirha. Ngokomzekelo, umfazi ophethe i-PTSD oyikayo indawo apho wahlaselwa khona unokuncedwa ngumgqirha wakhe ekuya kuloo ndawo kwaye ngokukhawuleza abhekane nalezo nkxalabo (ngokungakhathaliseki ukuba ukhuselekile ukwenza njalo).
Ngokufanayo, umntu onenkxalabo yokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle oyesaba ukuthetha esidlangalaleni angalelwe ukuba abhekane ngqo nalabo bawoyikayo ngokunikela intetho.
Ukubonakaliswa komfanekiso
Kwi-imaginal exposure, umxhasi ucelwa ukuba acinge imifanekiso okanye imeko.
Ukubonakaliswa kwemifanekiso kungamnceda umntu ngokukhawuleza ajongane neengcamango neemvakalelo eziyikayo. Ukubonakaliswa kwemifanekiso kungasetyenziselwa xa kungenakwenzeka okanye kukhuselekile ukuba umntu ahlangabezane ngqo neemeko eziyikayo. Ngokomzekelo, akunakukhuseleka ukuba ne- war combat combatant ne-PTSD ngqo ngokujongene nemeko yokulwa kwakhona.
Ngako oko, unokucelwa ukuba acinge ngolu hlobo lwesilwankqiso esilwayo.
Ukubonakalisa okungahambiyo
Ukuvezwa kokungaqhelekanga kwenzelwe okokuqala ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokuphazamiseka . Nangona kunjalo, kukho ubungqina bokuba kungaphumelela kunyango lwe-PTSD. Yenzelwe ukunceda abantu ngokukhawuleza ukujamelana neempawu zomzimba eziyikrakra zihlala zihambelana nokuxhalaba, njengokwanda kwentliziyo kunye nokuphefumula okufutshane. Umgqirha unokuncedisa ngoku kuba nomntu (ngendlela elawulwayo kwaye ekhuselekileyo) uhlalutya ixesha elifutshane, usebenzise umzimba, uphefumle ngotshani okanye ubambe umoya.
Ukubonakalisa ixesha elide
Ulwaphulo olusakhulayo olude luhlanganiswe kwezi ndlela zingentla zintathu. Kufunyenwe ukuba iphumelele kakhulu kubagulayo be-PTSD kwaye ibandakanya iseshoni yeeseshoni eziyi-8 ukuya kwe-15 malunga nemizuzu engama-90 ngeseshoni. Ukwelashwa kwexesha elide kubandakanya imfundo malunga neentlungu kunye nento oya kuyenza, ukufunda indlela yokulawula ukuphefumula (ukungabikho komzimba), ukuqhuba kwihlabathi langempela (ngokuchasene ne-vivo) nokuthetha ngethuba lakho (ukubonakaliswa kwemifanekiso).
Ukufumana i-Therapist
Njengoko kubonisiwe kwangaphambili, unyango lwe-exposure lufunyenwe ukuba luncedo kakhulu kwi-PTSD. Ukongezelela, iindlela zokunikezela unyango olusondeleyo kubantu luqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili. Ngokukodwa, abanye abagqirha baqala ukusebenzisa i-reality reality technology ukuze bancede abantu bajongane nezinto abazihlonela kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba abanye abantu bayanqikaza ukuba baphumelele ngonyango olukhuselekileyo ngenxa yokuba kunokuvakala ukwethusa ukujongana noloyiko. Ulwaphulo lwangaphandle lufana nolunye unyango lwe-PTSD . Kudinga ukuzimisela okukhulu kwaye kunokuba kunzima ngamanye amaxesha. Inxalenye enkulu yonyango oluninzi lwe-PTSD lijongene nokuxhuma kunye neemeko, iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo. Indlela eya kwenziwa ngayo kunyango ngalinye ihluke nje.
Ngako oko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana unyango olufanelekileyo kunye neengcali. Unokufumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga nababoneleli bezonyango kwingingqi yakho abanokuthi banikeze unyango olusondeleyo kwi-Anxiety Disorder Association of America.
Imithombo:
Cahill, SP, & Foa, EB (2005). Iziphazamiso zokukhathazeka: Icandelo lokuchithwa kwengqondo-yokuziphatha kwemiba yokuxhalabisa. Ku BJ Sadock, & VA Sadock (Ed.), Kaplan noSadock's Bookbook of Comprehensive Book of Psychiatry, 8th, vol. 1 (iphe. 1788-1799). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams noWilkins.
Keane, TM, & Barlow, iDH (2002). Isifo sengqondo sePottraumatic. Ku-DH Barlow (Umhla.), Ukuxhalabisa kunye nokuphazamiseka kwayo, ukushicilelwa kwe-2 (iphe. 418-453). ENew York, NY: I-Guilford Press.
Wald, J., & Taylor, S. (2007). Ukusebenza kwonyango lokungabikho komzimba kunye noxilongo olwenziwe ngengozi yokutshatyalaliswa kwengxaki yokuxinwa kwe-post-disumination: Uvavanyo lomqhubi. Umbhalo Weengxaki zokukhathazeka, 21, 1050-1060.
"Unyango ojongene nonyango olude." ISebe le-Afrika leMantloko, ii-PTSD: iZiko leSizwe le-PTSD (2015).