Uluphi uxhumano?
Uxinzelelo lomzimba luvame ukubonakala njengesifo sesifo sokutya . Nangona kunjalo, akuyena wonke umntu onenkinga yokutya unomfanekiso womzimba onzima kwaye abantu abaninzi abangenaso ukutya kwezifo banesimo somzimba osweleyo. Ngoko singayiqonda njani ubudlelwane phakathi komfanekiso womzimba kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya?
Yintoni Yomfanekiso Wezakhiwo?
Umzobo womzimba ngumfanekiso ophantsi kwabantu abanalo ngomzimba wabo, ohluke ngqo kwindlela umzimba wabo uvela ngayo.
Umzimba womzimba uyakhiwa kwaye unokholo, iingcamango, iingcamango, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha. Indlela esizibona ngayo kunye nemizimba yethu inempembelelo kwimpilo yethu, kwimpilo yethu yengqondo kunye nakubusano bethu. Umfanekiso omzimba ophilileyo uquka ukujonga imbono yokubonakala komntu kunye nokukwazi ukwahlula ixabiso lomntu njengomntu ovela kwindlela ojonga ngayo.
Umzimba weNqabileyo
Umzimba ongebiyo udla ngokungazineliseki ngokubonakala kunye nokuziphatha ngendlela efana nokutya, ukuhlola, kunye / okanye ukuphepha, kumzamo wokuphucula ukungoneleliseki. Umzimba ongeyonto uhlala uvela ebuntwaneni. Uphando lubonisa ukuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 zamantombazana angaphambili kunye neepesenti ezingama-30 zamakhwenkwe angaphiliyo azithandi umzimba wazo, kwaye iipesenti ezingama-60 zabafazi abadala kunye nama-40 ekhulwini amadoda amakhulu anemifanekiso yomzimba engalunganga.
Igama elithi "ukuphazamiseka okuqhelekileyo" kwasekuqaleni kusetshenziswe nguRolin kunye noogxa ngo-1984 ukuchaza ukunganeliseki ngotya lomzimba kunye nomlo.
Kwafunyaniswa ukuba ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabasetyhini kangangokuba kwakuzimisele ukuba "ngumgangatho oqhelekileyo" okanye oqhelekileyo. Uvavanyo olusandul 'utsha lwabantu base-Iceland abaneminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kwengu-79 lubonise ukuba phantse ama-43 ekhulwini abazange banelisekile ngomzimba wabo kunye namaphesenti angama-71 bacinga ukuba bafuna ukunciphisa umzimba. Nangona i-BMI yesilinganiso yayiphezulu phakathi kwamadoda, amabhinqa angaphezu kwabesilisa ayenganelisekanga ngokomzimba wabo kwiqela ngalinye.
Imiba yeZitho zoMzimba kwiingxaki zokutya
Ukuphazamiseka kokutya kunesifo esiyinkimbinkimbi yengqondo esibangelwa i-genetic kunye nemeko yendalo-engafanelekiyo yomzimba yinkxaso enye. Nangona kunjalo, umfanekiso omzimba ongathandekiyo uphambili ekudleni ukuphazamiseka kuba abaninzi abantu abaneengxaki zokutya babeka ixabiso eliphezulu ekuziphatheni komzimba kunye nobunzima babo xa beqikelela ukuba bafanelekile.
Oku "ukugqithiseleka kobunzima nobunzima" bubonakalisa abanye, kodwa akusiyo yonke into, ukuphazamiseka kokutya. Ukuzivandlakanya komntu okungaxhomekekanga ngokwemizimba yomzimba kunye nokulinganiswa kuyahambisana nokuxilongwa kwe- anorexia nervosa okanye i- bulimia nervosa . Ukuxilongwa kwe-anorexia nervosa kwongezwa ngokuhambelana nokuphazamiseka kwindlela umzimba okanye ubunzima bomntu obona ngayo okanye ukungakwazi ukuqonda ubunzima bokuba bunzima bomzimba obukhoyo.
Ukuvavanya kwimilo kunye nesisindo akusiyo into efunekayo yokutya ingxaki yokutya (BED), eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokutya. Uphando lubonisa ukuba kuphela iipesenti ezingama-60 zezigulane ze-BED zidibene neendlela zokujonga ngokubanzi isimo nesimo. Nangona kunjalo, kubonakala ukuba izigulane ezine-BED ezifumana ukukhathazeka ngesimo kunye nesisindo sinokuba nesimo esibi kakhulu seBED.
Izigulane ezineengxaki zokutya ezikhusela ukuphazamiseka kokutya okungekho mfuneko (ARFID) azivumi ukufumana nantoni na ukukhathazeka ngesimo kunye nesisindo.
I-Image Body Negative kunye nezinye iziphazamiso
Ukunganeliseki komzimba kunokukhokelela ekudleni nasekudleni okungaxhatshaziyo, ezinokuthi ziziphathe ngokusesikweni kwisifo sokutya. Ukunganeliseki komzimba akuyona nje ingozi yengozi okanye isifo sesifo sokutya, kunokuba ngumngcipheko wokudakumba, ukuxhalabisa nokuzithemba. Ngaloo ndlela, iinjongo eziqhelekileyo zemizamo yokukhusela.
I-Dysmorphic Disorder
Umzimba we-dysmorphic disorder (BDD) ngowenye ingxaki yesifo sengqondo, ihlelwa njengoluhlobo lweengxaki ezixinzelelekileyo kunye nezihambelanayo .
Abantu abane-BDD banenkxalabo okanye enye engekho okanye ilahleko okanye iintsilelo ezibonakalayo, eziquka ukuma komzimba. Ukuze kufumaneke ukuba ne-BDD umntu kufuneka ahlanganyele ekuziphatheni okuphindaphinda (njengokutshekisha okanye ukufuna ukuqinisekiswa) okuchaphazelekayo kwaye kufuneka kubangele ukukhubazeka ekusebenzeni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umzobo womzimba womntu uyenzeka kuphela kwimeko yesifo sokutya, kuphela ukuphazamiseka kwesifo kukufumanisa. Akuqhelekanga ukuba izigulane zibe neesondlo sokutya kunye ne-BDD (ekugqibeleni igxile kwiinkxalabo ngaphandle kwesisindo okanye amaninzi omzimba).
Isisindo somzimba kunye nokunganeliseki ubungakanani bekuye kwabonakala ukuba yinkinga phakathi kwamabhinqa, kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje ichongwe njengengxaki ekhulayo phakathi kwamadoda. Olunye uhlobo lwesifo se-dysmorphic disorder, i-muscular dysmorphia, luchukumisa ikakhulukazi abesilisa abanqwenela ukuba bangama-muscular . Ngenxa yokuba izigulane ezininzi ezine-muscle dysmorphia zenza umsebenzi kwaye zitshintsha ekudleni ezenzelwe ukuthonya ubunzima bomzimba kunye nokuma, abaphandi abaninzi bacinga ukuba i-dysmorphia ye-muscle iyinqobo ye-anorexia nervosa ngokuvisisana ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yendoda yesintu.
Utyando lweZitho zoMzimba ezibi
Uphando lubonisa ukuba umfanekiso womzimba udla ngokuba yimiqondiso yokugqibela yesifo sokutya ekuphuculeni ngexesha lotyando. Nokuba ulawulo lwezokwelapha ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu phakathi kwezigulane, izigaba zokuphulukana kwisifo sokutya zilandela iphethane efanayo. Phantse yonke indawo, ukubuyiswa kwesisindo kunye nokuguquka kokuziphatha kubonakala kusengaphambili ukubuyiswa kwengqondo. Kwaye kunye nesantya sokuxinzezeleka komzimba kunye nokuxhalabisa kunokuqhubeka emva kokuphulukana kwengxaki yokutya, kuba akuqhelekanga ukuba abantu kuluntu lwethu bangabi nantlontle yomzimba.
Ulwahlulo oluninzi olwenziwe lujoliswe ukujolisa umfanekiso omzimba ongathandekiyo. Ezi zongenelelo ziwela kwiindidi ezibanzi ezibandakanya ulwaphulo lokuziphatha, ukuqeqeshwa komzimba, ukufundiswa kwamaphephandaba, ukuphucula ukuzithemba, ukuphuculwa kwengqondo kunye nokubulela. Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango lubandakanya inxalenye engaphezulu kweyongenelelo. Ngokomzekelo, unyango lweendlela zokuziphatha kunye neeprogram zokufunda nokubhala ziquka ukuquka i-psychoeducation.
Ukungenelela kokuziphatha
Ukungenelela kwengqondo-yindlela yokuziphatha yilezo zihlala zisetyenziswa ukujongana nomzimba womzimba. Ezi zongenelo zancedisa abantu ukuguqula iingcamango ezingasebenzi, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha okufaka isandla kwisimo somzimba esingalunganga. Ukusetyenziswa kobuchule kubandakanya ukuzongamela, ukulungiswa kwengcamango, ukuqeqeshwa kokulinganisa ubungakanani bomzimba, ukuvezwa kwezinto ezibangelwayo kunye nokubonakaliswa kwesibuko. Enye yeenkqubo eziziwayo zengqondo-yokuziphatha ukujongana nomzimba womzimba yiNcwadi Yomzimba Yomzimba nguTomas Cash.
Uqeqesho loQeqesho
Ukungenelela koqeqesho lokuQinisekisa kubandakanya ukuqeqeshwa okujoliswe ekuphuculeni amandla okwenyama njengamandla omzimba. Ukuphuculwa kwenjongo ekuziphatheni komzimba akubalulekanga njengoko kuphuculwe. Ukuqeqeshwa kobuchule kunokuphucula umzobo womzimba ngokukhuthaza abantu ukuba bagxininise ngakumbi malunga nokusebenza komzimba wabo kwaye ngaphantsi kokubonakala kwabo.
Amanyathelo okuLwazi lokuLwazi
Ukuncediswa kokufunda nokubhala kwimidiya kufundisa abantu ukuba bahlalutye ngokukhawuleza kwaye banomngeni imifanekiso yemidiya kunye nemilayezo enokuthi ifake isandla kwisimo somzimba esingalunganga. Ngokomzekelo, imifanekiso yamanqaku amancinci kunye nemiyalezo efana ne "Into enhle" inokungenziwa umngeni. Iindlela ezisetyenziselwa ukungenelela kwimiba yolwazi ziquka ukuqeqeshwa kwemfundo kunye nokukhuthaza.
Ukuzinyamekela
Izindlela zokuzithembela ezisetyenziselwa unyango lweengcamango zomzimba ezingalunganga ekuboneni nasekuxabeni ukuhlukana komntu ngamnye ngokubhekiselele kwimifanekiso yomzimba kunye neempawu zangaphakathi kunye neetalente. Amacandelo agxininise ekwakheni izakhono zokuphilisa impilo.
Ingqondo
Izicwangciso zengqondo zifundisa abantu malunga nemiba enxulumene nesimo somzimba esingalunganga kubandakanya izizathu kunye nemiphumo. Izicwangciso zengqondo zisoloko zisetyenziselwa kunye nenye yezinye iintlobo zongenelelo.
Ukongeniswa kweSiseko
Amanyathelo angenelelo ngoncedo lomzimba aquka iindlela zokubulela ezinjengeenkcukacha zokubonga, uluhlu, ukucinga kunye nokucamngca. Ukungenelela okunjalo kufuna ukunyusa ukuxabisa ngemibandela engekona yembonakalo.
Amasu okuzama ukuzama ekhaya
Nazi ezinye izicwangciso zokuncedisa ezisekelwe kwezinye iindlela zokungenelela ngaphezu kokuba unokwenza ngokwakho ukuphucula umfanekiso womzimba:
- Gcina iphepha lokubonga lomzimba . Umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla oquka ukuzithobela izimvo malunga nomzimba wakho kunokubangela ukuba uzive ungcini. Ukuze ufike kumbono olinganiselayo, kubalulekile ukuqala ukutshintsha ingqalelo yakho kwaye uxabise izinto ezintle ngomzimba wakho. Enye indlela yokufezekisa oku kukugcina iphepha lokubonga lomzimba. Zama ukubhala into enemihla ngemihla ekhuthazayo ngomzimba wakho. Ungabandakanya izinto ezinje, "Ndineentsuku ezintle," "Imilenze yam indivumele ukuba ndikhuphuke i-canyon," okanye "iingalo zam zandivumela ukuba ndimbambe umntwana wam." Ekuqaleni Kunokuba nzima, kodwa kuya lula ngokusebenza .
- Coca ukutya kwakho kweendaba zoluntu . Sonke sixhaswa imihla ngemihla ngemifanekiso kunye nemilayezo egxininisa ukuthobeka kunye / okanye ukufumana umgangatho ococekileyo. Ukumelana nale miyalezo, kubalulekile ukufumana imilayezo exhasa ukwamukelwa komzimba kunye nokufakwa kwamanqanaba amaninzi. Endaweni yoko, funda iiblogi ezinomzimba kwaye ulandele imizekelo yamalungu omzimba. Ezinye izithuba ezigqwesileyo ziyi: I-Body Image Booster: Isikhumbuzo esinamandla nguMargarita Tartakovsky kunye nento ethi Ukubulawa Kwenziwe nguKerry Egan. Unokufuna ukudala ibhodi efanelekileyo yePinterest. Kwakhona ingcamango enhle ukuyeka ukulandela amajelo eendaba ezentlalo ezithuthukisa izinto ezincinci okanye ezifanelekileyo.
- Thenga iimpahla ezifanelekileyo ngoku . Abantu abaninzi banqwenela ukuthenga iimpahla ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuba banxibe iimpahla ezingenanto okanye bazibophezele umvuzo wokuthenga okanye ukufakela kwiingubo ezindala "xa belahlekelwa ubunzima." Lo msebenzi wokuziphatha ongalunganga ukwandisa ubuhlungu kwimeko yangoku kwaye akukho nto inokunyusa. Kunoko, thengisa ubuncinane izinto ezimbalwa ezisisiseko ezifanelekileyo ngoku kunye nokwenza uzive ulungile. Uninzi lwabantu lufumanisa ukuba oku kubangele ukuba bazive benokuzithemba ngakumbi kwaye banciphise uxhalabo kunye nokuziphazamisa xa begqoke.
- Umngeni wokuphepha nokuyeka ukuhlola umzimba . Ukuphepheka nokuhlolisiswa komzimba kuye kwabandakanywa ekuphikeleni kokuphazamiseka kokutya. Ukuphepheka kunokubandakanya ukugubungela okupheleleyo, ukwenqaba ukugqoka iingubo ezifanelekileyo kwimeko (ukugqoka i-hoody ehlobo, ukwenqaba ukugqoka iifutshane okanye i-top sleeveless ngosuku lwehlobo, ukwenqaba ukubhukuda ngenxa yokuxhalaba ngokugqoka i-suit swim) okanye ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ugqirha oogqirha abanokuzilinganisela. Ukuhlolwa komzimba kukutshekishwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kobunzima bomzimba kunye nesisindo kwaye kuthatha iifom ezahlukeneyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukulinganisa (kunye nesilinganiselo okanye ngokuthintela), okanye ukukhangela okubonakalayo kwisibuko. Ukuphepheka kunye nokuhlola umzimba kwenza kuphela uxhalabe. Injongo kufuneka ibe ukumodareyitha. Abo baphepheyo kufuneka baqhelise, kwaye abo bahlolisayo kufuneka bayeke. Ukuba ukukhangela ingxaki, zama ukugcina umkhondo wenani la maxesha uhlolisayo kwaye uzama ukunciphisa kancane umva. Ukubonakaliswa nako kuhamba ngokuthe gqolo. Ngokomzekelo, umntu unokuqala ukugqoka iikhati ezingenamikhono ezungeze indlu ukuze zandise ubude bexesha ngaphambi kokuba ekugqibeleni ziqhube ngaphandle zivale.
- Yenza umyalelo onxamnye nomgangatho ococekileyo. Ezinye zeenkqubo ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela izifo, ezifana ne-Body Body, zisekelwe kumgaqo-dissonance engqondweni. Ukuxilongwa kwengqondo kuluvo lokuba xa izimo zengqondo kunye neziphathamandla ziphikisana, umntu uyabuhlungu kwaye uzama ukulungelelanisa isimo sengqondo kunye nokuziphatha. Abantu bayakhuthazwa ukuba bahlanganyele kwimisebenzi echasayo ngokunyanisekileyo ukunyanzelwa kweenkcubeko kwiindawo ezintle. Imisebenzi enjalo kubandakanya ukubhala intombazana okanye intombazana encinci inokumkhuthaza ukuba afumane ubuhle obuninzi okanye ubhale inkampani ebenzihlaziyileyo okanye iziphathamandla ezincinci iincwadi ezichaza isizathu sokuba kukukhathaze.
- Tshintsha ulwimi lomzimba olungalunganga. Ukubandakanya "intetho ecocekileyo" eqhelekileyo-izimvo ezingagqibekanga kunye nezigwebo okanye iingxoxo ezigxilwe kwisisindo nokubonakala-ziyingozi kumfanekiso womzimba. Ukuphepha izigwebo ezinjalo (umzekelo, "Ndiyinyama!") Unokuphucula umzobo womzimba. Cinga ukuthatha isibambiso sokuba ungabandakanyeli kwiintetho ezinamafutha.
ILizwi
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezibonisa ukuba abantu mabazimisele ukuthanda imizimba yabo. Oku akunakwenzeka. Umnqophiso ogqithiseleyo kunokuba abanye basebenze ukuqonda nokuvuma imizimba yabo. Umzimba womzimba awukwazi ukuphucula ngaphandle komgudu, kwaye imisebenzi engenhla kufuneka iyenziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuphucula umfanekiso womzimba yinjongo efanelekileyo yonyango, nokuba ngaba umntu ojongene nokutya okuphazamisekileyo. Ukuba ukusebenzisa ezi zicwangciso ngokuzimeleyo akuncedi ngaphezu kwexesha nomzimba womzimba unempembelelo embi kwintlalo-ntle okanye ukusebenza kwansuku zonke, unganqikazi ukufuna uncedo kwi-professional.
> Imithombo:
> Alleva JM., Sheeran P, Webb TL, Martijn C, & Miles E. "Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Meta-Analytical of Meas-Alone Interventions yokuphucula imifanekiso yombutho." 2017. Plos One. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0139177.
> Inkcitho, iTF (2008). Incwadi Yomsebenzi Wezithombe: Iprogram yeNzathelo E-8 Yokufunda Ukuthanda Ukujonga Kwakho (i-2nd ed.). I-Oakland, CA: I-New Harbinger Publications.
> Clausen, L. 2004. "Ixesha leNkqubela yeSikhumbuzo UkuKhutshwa kweziNdlovu zokutya." I-International Journal ye-Disorder 36 (3): 296-306. i-doi: 10.1002 / udle.20043.
> Grilo, CM., Crosby RD, Masheb RM, et al,. 2009. "Ukuphononongwa kobunzima kunye nobunzima kwi-Binge Eating Disorder, i-Bulimia Nervosa, kunye ne-Sub-Threshold eBulimia Nervosa." Uphando loPhando kunye noPilisa 47 (8): 692-96. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.brat.2009.05.001.
> Matthiasdottir E, Jonsson SH, kunye noKristjansson AL. 2012. "Ukunyaniseka kobunzima beZiko kuLuntu lwase-Iceland labantu abadala: I-Nonmative Discontent?" I- European Journal yeMpilo yoluntu 22 (1): 116-21. i-doi: 10.1093 / eurpub / ckq178.
> Paxton, SJ, Neumark-Sztainer, D, Hannan PJ, & Eisenberg ME. "Ukunganeliseki Ngokwequmrhu Ngokuxelayo Kuxela Ukuxhalabisa Kwentliziyo kunye Nokuzimelela Kancinci Kwintombazana Neentombi Zengane: I-Journal ye-Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology: Vol 35, Hayi 4." 2017. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207 / s15374424jccp3504_5.