Umcebisi Wakho Omhle Uya Kukubona Ngoku
"Uyenza njani namhlanje?" "Yintoni eyenzekayo kwihlabathi lakho ngoku?" "Uziva njani?" Oku kungathi ngathi imibuzo elula umhlobo onomdla uya kubuza. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yangoku yolondolozo lwempilo yengqondo, banokuqala kwintetho kunye neengcali zakho zonyango. Ukuqhubela phambili kwiingcali zobulumko (AI) zizisa i-psychotherapy kubantu abaninzi abayidingayo.
Kuyacaca ukuba i-AI yempilo yengqondo ibe yinguqulelo lomdlalo.
I-teknoloji enobugcisa inika amathuba amatsha kubantu baseMerika abachaphazelekayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo yengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, izibonelelo zale ndlela zifuneka zilungelelaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kumandla abo. Ukusebenza kwexesha elide le-AI yengqondo yengqondo akukafuneka kuhlolwe kakuhle, kodwa iziphumo zokuqala zi thembisa.
Ukuphazamiseka Kwengqondo Ngaba Umgangatho Ogqithisileyo kwi-US
Ngokutsho kweZiko leSizwe leMpilo yengqondo (i-NIMH), omnye kwabadala abahlanu e-United States (ama-17.9 ekhulwini) ahlangene nolunye uhlobo lweengxaki zempilo yengqondo. Ukugula ngengqondo kungekhona nje ukunciphisa umgangatho wobomi bomntu, kodwa kudibanisa nokunyuka kwezempilo.
UCharles Roehrig, umlawuli osungula weZiko loThengiselo lwezeMpilo oluQinisekayo kwi-Altarum Institute e-Ann Arbor, eMichigan, uthi iingxaki zengqondo, kuquka ukukhathazeka kwengqondo, ngoku ziphakamileyo uluhlu lwezonyango kunye nemali eqikelelwayo.
Enyanisweni, impilo yengqondo ngoku inxalenye ebiza kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukufumana iimeko zeentliziyo, ezazisetyenziswe kakhulu.
Ekubeni i-201 mali yezigidigidi isetyenziswe kwimpilo yengqondo ngonyaka. Njengoko abantu abaninzi bafikelela kwiminyaka yobudala, ukwandisa ukusabalalisa kweemeko ezithile zezempilo, ezifana nokudemokelwa komqondo, kulindeleke ukuba kuqhutywe eli nani liphezulu, kunye neefowuni zeendlela zokulawula ezintsha.
Ngenxa yeendleko ezinxulumene nophatho, abaninzi abantu abaneengxaki zempilo yengqondo abafumana igalelo loqeqesho olufike ngexesha. Iindleko akuzona kuphela ezichaphazelayo; Ezinye izizathu ziquka ukunqongophala kwabathinteli kunye nentlanzi ehambisana nokugula kwengqondo.
I-AI yeMpilo Yengqondo kunye ne-CBT ekhethwe ngabanye
Uphando lwezengqondo wezonyango uDkt. Alison Darcy wenza i-Woebot, inkqubo ekhompyutheni ye-Facebook edibeneyo ekujoliseni ukuxubusha ingxoxo ngesigulane esinokuyenza nayo. I-Woebot yintetho efana ne-instant messaging service. Iteknoloji yezempilo yedijithali iyabuza malunga nemvakalelo yakho kunye neengcamango, "iphulaphule" indlela ozivakalelwa ngayo, ifunda malunga nawe kwaye inikezela ngezixhobo zokuxilongwa kweengqondo (CBT) ezinokwakheka kwengqondo. Ukusebenzisana neWoebot ijolise ukulandelelana ngokubambisana kwintlanganiso ebomini, kunye nokusebenzisana kwimeko yomntu.
Nangona kunjalo, uDarcy uqaphele ukubonisa ukuba i-Woebot imane i-robot kwaye ayikwazi ukuxhamla uxhumano lwabantu. Kwakhona, abanye abantu banokufuna iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubandakanyeka kwonyango kunye nonyango kuneseshoni yangempela. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali ezininzi ziyavuma ukuba ukhetho olunjengeWoebot lubangela ukuba i-CBT ifumaneke ngakumbi kwisizukulwana sesimanje esingahlali ixesha kwaye sijwayele ukuhlanganiswa kwe-24/7.
Iprojekti eyenziwe ngokucophelela inikeza iiseshoni zabucala ezingafuneki ukuba zibhalwe ngaphambili kwaye zifikeleleke.
UWebot akayena umzamo wokuqala wokuphatha abantu ngokuwabeka phambi kwe-avatar. Ezinye iinzame zenzelwe ukuphucula impilo yengqondo yabantu zisebenzisa iifotyi. Ezinye zeengxoxo zokuqala zenzelwe kwi-1960s kwi-Laboratory ye-Intelligence Intelligence Laboratory. Inkqubo yabo u-ELISA wakwazi ukufanisa incoko emfutshane phakathi komgulana kunye nesigulane kwaye uthathwa njengotatomkhulu weenkqubo ezisetyenziswa namhlanje.
Ukuqhubela phambili ekuqhutyweni kolwimi lwendalo kunye nokuthandwa kwee-smartphones zenze iifotkhotshi iinkcukacha ezintsha ze-AI zonyango lwempilo yengqondo.
Iingxoxo ziphucula rhoqo ukuba zibe ngabantu-banjengemvelo. Banikela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zolwimi. Umzekelo, u-Emma uthetha isiDatshi kwaye ibhokhwe eyenzelwe ukukunceda ngokuxhalabisa, ngoxa uKarim uthetha isiArabhu kwaye uye wayinceda ababaleki baseSiriya bazama ukujamelana nokuxhatshazwa emva kokubalekela iimbandezelo zemfazwe.
Zombini iinkqubo zenzelwe iSilicon Valley ukuqalisa X2AI. Okwangoku, inkampani ikhuthaza umveliso we-AI we-AI. I-Tess inokwenza i-CBT, kwakunye nokuphucula ukutshatyalaliswa okunxulumene nokunyamekela.
Yintoni eyenza i-AI yeMpilo yengqondo ngoko ikhangele?
Xa kuhlolwa ukusetyenziswa kweengxoxo kwiinkonzo zempilo, iKomiti yeSizwe ye-Red Cross iphawula kwingxelo yayo ye-2017 ukuba ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwebhodi yo-app-messy kuye kwaxutyushwa. Ngelixa liye laqaphela ukuba alibizi kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ezinye iimida ziye zachazwa, njengezobugcisa zobugcisa. Ngaphezu koko, iirobhothi ayinayo ingqondo yazo; balandela iskripthi esichazwe ngaphambili. Ngoko ke, abahlala bekwazi ukuqonda umsebenzisi kunye nenjongo yakhe. Ngoko ke, ezinye iingcali zibonisa ukuba le ndlela mhlawumbi ifanele isetyenziswe ngokubambisana nomlopheli womntu ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nto ilahlekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iiphando zokuqala malunga nokusebenza kweengxoxo zezempilo zithembisa. Icandelo lolawulo lokuqala elingenamsebenzi kunye noWebebot lubonise ukuba emva kweveki ezimbini nje, abathathi-nxaxheba bafumana ukunciphisa okukhulu ekudakaleni nasekuxhalabeni. Ukongezelela, inqanaba eliphezulu lokubandakanyeka lalijongwa, kunye nabantu abasebenzisa i-bot cishe yonke imihla.
Umgqirha onguqili ogama lakhe lingu-Ellie uye waqaliswa kwaye wahlonywa yiNyuvesi yaseSouth California Institute for Creative Technologies (ICT). Ekuqaleni, u-Ellie wenzelwe ukuphatha izilwanyana ezinokudandatheka kunye nesifo sengqondo esisemva kwengxaki.
Yintoni ekhethekileyo ngeteknoloji kukuba u-Ellie akakwazi ukufumana kuphela amagama kodwa kunye namazwi angabonakaliyo (isib. Ukubonakalisa ubuso, isenzo, ukunyameka). Izimpawu ezingabonakaliyo zibaluleke kakhulu kwiyeza, kodwa ziyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa kwaye kunzima ukuzithabatha. Ithimba le-ICT elikhokelwa nguLouis-Philippe Morency noAlbert "Yeka" uRizzo uphuhlise i-theirrapist yabo ngokoqobo ukuze inokuqokelela nokuhlalutya ulwazi olubanzi kunye nokuncedisa umsebenzisi. Abadali baka-Ellie baxela ukuba lo mntu uqobo unokunyusa impilo yengqondo kwaye uphucule ukuchaneka kokuxilonga.
Yintoni eyenza u-Ellie (kunye namanye amalungu entsapho yentsapho) akwazi ukwenza kakuhle?
Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba sisabela kwii-avatars ngokungathi babengabantu boqobo. UMel Slater waseYunivesithi yaseLondon, e-UK, kunye nabalingane bakhe baqaphele lo mzekelo xa beqhuba iimvavanyo apho abantu babengazi ukuba bebenxibelelana namarobhothi, kodwa baxela kubo njengokuba bangokoqobo.
Ezinye izazi zengqondo zithetha ukuba sikufumana kulula ukwabelana ngolwazi olungenamahloni nolwazi oluthile. Ukusebenzisana komntu kumntu, kudla ngokuzibamba. Ihlazo linokuthintela abantu ukuba babelane ngokukhululekile nomnye umntu. Nangona kunjalo, xa uhleli kunye neengcali, izifundo zifunyenwe ukuba zikulungele ukuzithetha, ezingabangela inzuzo ebalulekileyo yokwelapha. Xa izigulane zithetha ngentsholongwane ye-psychotherapy, zivakalisa ukuba zivalelwa zigwetywa. U-Ellie, uKarim noWeebot banokubenza bazive bekhululekile. Ukongezelela, iirobhothi zihlala zikhona kwaye zinokunikela ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwamaxesha amaninzi ekusebenzisaneni ngonyango xa kuthelekiswa nomgulane womntu.
Isihloko esiya kwi-AI-based Based Health System System?
I-AI sele ishintshe amashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka nempilo yengqondo. Ukufundela umatshini kunye nobuchwepheshe be-AI obuphambili kubangela uhlobo olutsha lokunyamekela olujolise ekuboneleleni ngenkxaso yomntu ngamnye. Umzekelo, i-Ginger.io idibanisa ukufundwa komatshini kunye nenethiwekhi yekliniki ukuze ikubonelele ngezinga elifanelekileyo lokuxhaswa kwengqondo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Eli qonga, elisekwe kwiminyaka engaphezu kweyesithandathu edlulileyo, ludibanisa oogqirha abane-AI kwaye linikezela nge-24/7 kwi-CBT ye-intanethi, ukuqeqesha nokuqina. Inkampani ihlaziya rhoqo iteknoloji ukuze ikwazi ukuxhasa abasebenzisi ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ilandele inkqubela yabo, ngokusebenzisa indlela yokusebenzisana yabaqeqeshi, abagqirha kunye neengqondo. Ngokufunda umatshini njengomqolo, inkqubela yomntu ngamnye inceda uGinger.io ukuphucula ipolatifti yayo kwaye yenze ihlakaniphile kwaye ihlaziywe. Ngokukhuphela i-app ye-Ginger.io, abasebenzisi bokuqala bahambelana neqela elizinikezelekileyo labaqeqeshi abathathu abanemvakalelo yokubasiza ngexesha elide. Kwaye xa kuyimfuneko, abasebenzisi banokuthi banyuke kwii-psychologists okanye i-british-certified-certified certified board, ngokuboniswa kwevidiyo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, xa kuthelekiswa neiveki phantsi komzekelo wamanje. Ukusebenzisana nabaqeqeshi kunye nabagqirha banokungena kwiingxoxo ezingapheliyo zokuxoxa kwiiseshoni zevidiyo, kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno zomntu ngamnye.
Umzekelo weGinger.io utyikitya ukuba sinokuthi sithuthelele kwinkqubo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo e-AI enokudlulela i-temporal, geographical and, ngokwezinga elithile, imida yemali kunye nemingcele. "Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yedijithali kunye nokufunda komatshini, sinokukwenza impilo yokuziphatha ifumaneke kwaye ifaneleke, ngelixa kunciphisa ukunyaniseka okuqhotyoshelweyo kwizicwangciso zendabuko," kusho uRebecca Chiu, iNtloko yoPhuhliso lweZiko kwiGinger.io.
Ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi bekuyeyona nqobo enkulu inqobo yokubona wonke umntu ofumana ubunzima beengqondo. Iingxoxo kunye neeplani ze-intanethi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziyakubona nanini na ukufuna inkxaso yazo. Ukongeza, mhlawumbi sele sele esebenzisana nabasebenzisi abaninzi kunokuba umgqirha oqhelekileyo uza kuba nayo. I-Adam Miner yaseYunivesithi yaseStanford ibiza leli qela lobuchwephesha "lobuchule bokuxoxa" kwaye liqikelele ukuba liya kwandisa ngakumbi ngo-2018.
Nangona i-AI yempilo yengqondo isadingeka ukujongana nobunzima obuninzi, uphando lubonisa ukuba ukungenelela kwezempilo kunokuziphatha ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye iteknoloji ibonakala inika amava ophuculweyo. Impilo yengqondo ngoku ikhona ngokusemandleni ethu.
Ukuthintela Ukuxhaswa Kwezenhlalakahle Phakathi Kwabantu Abaselula Ngokusebenzisa i-AI
Ukunxibelelana kwezentlalo kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abatsha abajongene nokugula kwengqondo. Ukuzihlukanisa ngokweqile kwentlalo kunye nobunzima ekudibaneni ubudlelwane obusondeleyo bubonakala bubomi babo. Ngoko ke, i-intanethi ye-intanethi kwi-intanethi ingabangela ukuba umntu abe ngumntu kwaye akhuthaze ukuthetha ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona inzuzo yoluntu kwimimandla yezempilo ekhompyutheni sele isele yaqatshelwa ngokubanzi, izazinzulu ngoku zithintela kwi-AI engakwazi ukuyidlala ekwenzeni abantu bazive bexhamle ngokunxulumene noluntu.
USimon D'Alfonso weZiko leSizwe soBugcisa kwiNtsholongwane yengqondo yengqondo eMelbourne, e-Australia kunye nabalingane bakhe baye basebenza kwiProjekthi yokuLungiswa kweNtlalo yeNtlalo (MOST). Imodeli ye-MOST isetyenziselwa abantu abaselula abasuka kwi-psychosis nokudandatheka. I-teknoloji inceda ukudala indawo yokwelapha apho abantu abaselula bafunda nokusebenzisana nabo, kunye nokusebenzisa iindlela zobuchwephesha.
I-MOST inkqubo inamalungu amaninzi, kuquka iCafa yeCafé apho abasebenzisi bangabelana ngamava kwaye bafumane inkxaso kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwamanye amalungu. Abasebenzisi banako ukutyundela ingxaki kwiCandelo leNtetho eLawulayo apho iingxaki zixazululwa kwiqela. Okanye, banokuzibandakanya emsebenzini wokuziphatha osebenzisa ingqondo kunye novelwano kwi- Do It! icandelo lesayithi.
I-MOST isetyenziswe kwinqanaba leemvavanyo zophando kwaye yavandlakanywa njengethuluzi lokuphila ngengqondo. Njengamanje, le nkqubo iququzelelwa ngabodareyitha babantu. Nangona kunjalo, abaqulunqo beprogram yesicwangciso ekugqibeleni bafake abantu ngesisombululo se-AI ezintsha. Umxholo womsebenzisi uhlalutyiwa ukwenzela ukuba kukho i -rapy kuphela.
Iqela lika-Alfonso lijonge ukuxhuma kunye nezinye iinkqubo kunye nokubonelela ngezaziso ezihambayo ezifanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uhlaselo lwamaxhala lufunyenwe ngumenzi wesandla somnxeba, i-MOST inokunikela ngokukhawuleza oko kunikwa unyango.
Umcebisi ontlekileyo ukuba anciphise uxinzelelo lwabafundi
Enye i-AI yempilo yengqondo entsha, eli lijolise kubantu abancinci, lenzelwe iqela leengcali ezininzi ezivela e-Australia nase-China. Baye bavavanya ukuvavanya umcebisi we-innovative virtual kubafundi beyunivesithi.
U-Manolya Kavakli, uprofesa onxulumene neYunivesithi yaseMacquarie eSydney, ukhokela le projekthi enenjongo yokunceda abafundi bahlakulele iindlela ezingcono zokujamelana nokubhekisana, ngokukodwa ngokumalunga nokunyamezela. Iimviwo zivame ukubeka uxinzelelo olukhulu kubantu abancinci, ezinokuthi zibe nefuthe lezempilo ezinjengezoxinzelelo, ukulala nokuzibulala. Xa ubonakaliswe ukuxinezeleka ngokugqithiseleyo, ukululekwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunokuba luyimfuneko yokugcina impilo.
I-Kavakli kunye noogxa bacebisa ukuba iqabane elincinci lingafumaneka ngokukhawuleza ukubonelela ngenkxaso. Ngokusekelwe kwiimvavanyo zokuqala, iqela likholelwa ukuba i-arhente engxoxwayo eyenziwa yinto enokuba luncedo ngexesha lokuvavanya. Umeluleki osisigxina ulinganisa isazi sengqondo kwaye unike iingcebiso kunye nenkxaso ngokulawula uxinzelelo.
Ngethuba lovavanyo lwabaqhubi, abaphandi bafuna ukuseka indlela yokuyila umgqirha onguhlobo oluthile ukuze kuthotyelwe ngakumbi ngabasebenzisi. Bafumanisa, umzekelo, ukuba amazwi abeluleki abesilisa abonakalayo njengokuba athembekileyo kwaye amnandi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izandi zabesifazane, zivandlakanywe ngokucacileyo, zikwazi ngakumbi kwaye zinamandla ngakumbi. Oku kunokuba nefuthe elichaphazelekayo malunga ne-AI yengqondo yengqondo kwixesha elizayo-ukuphuhlisa abantu abahlukeneyo ukwenzela ukwandisa umphumo wonyango kumsebenzisi wokugqibela.
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