Iimpawu, Iingxaki kunye neZonyango
I-Kleptomania yimeko ebonakaliswa ngumnqweno ongenakugwenxa wokuba. Abantu baya kuba izinto abazidingayo, ukuba bakwazi ukuthenga, okanye abanokubakho kwexabiso lentengo. Abantu ngabanye abanamava e-kleptomania abakhululeka ngokuthatha ubusela.
I-Kleptomania idla ngokukhawuleza ngexesha elikhulayo kwaye libonakala ngokuqhelekileyo kwabasetyhini kunamadoda.
Ngenxa yokuba ukweba kungekho mthethweni, le ngxaki ingakhokelela kwimiphumo ebalulekileyo yomthetho. Abantu abanekleptomania banokujamelana nokubanjwa, ukuvalelwa, nokuvalelwa ngenxa yeempawu zabo. Olunye uphando lwezigulane zekliniki lubone ukuba ngaphezu kweepesenti ezingama-68 zalabo baseKleptomania babanjwe ngenxa yokuba. Iipesenti ezingaphezu kwezi-20 zezi zi gulane zagwetywa kwaye zivalelwa ngenxa yobugebengu babo.
Iimpawu zeKleptomania
Ezinye zeempawu eziphambili zekleptomania ziquka:
- Ukungaphumeleli ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukumelana nomgudu wokuba
- Ukuba izinto ezingenanto okanye oko akudingiyo
- Imiva yokukhulula okanye ukuzonwabisa ngexesha lobusela
Ngokutsho kweendlela zokuxilonga ezisungulwe nguMbutho we-Psychiatric Association kwi- DSM-5 , i-kleptomania ibonakala ngokungekho ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukulwa nomnqweno wokuba. Abantu abaneli meko bavalelwa ukuxhatshazwa phambi kobusela kunye nokukhululwa kokuxhalaba kunye nokuxhatshazwa xa besenza ubusela.
Ukweba kuphumela kwimvakalelo yokunyaniseka, ukukhulula, nokuba kwintlalo.
Nangona ubusela buyakunciphisa ukuxhatshazwa komntu oye wafumana, unokushiywa enetyala kunye nokuzisola emva kolwaphulo-mthetho. Iimvakalelo zokuhlazeka, ukuzihlaziya kunye nokuzisola ziqhelekile ngokulandelelana kwinqanaba.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-kleptomania ayibandakanyi ubusela ukuze kuzuze. Abantu abanalo mqathango ababi izinto ngokusekelwe kwintengiso okanye ngenxa yokuba bayayinqwenela izinto abazithathayo. Ezi ziqhenqa nazo azihambelananga nokungakwazi ukufumana izinto ezibhekiselwe kuyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, izinto ngokwazo zingabamba ubuncinane kwixabiso lemali.
Ngamanye amaxesha umntu one-kleptomania uya kugcina izinto ngaphandle kwendawo, kaninzi akaze akhangelwe okanye asetyenziswe. Abanye banokukrazula izinto ezibiweyo ngokubanika abahlobo kunye nosapho okanye nokubabuyiselwe kwindawo abaye bathathwa kuyo.
Iziqhelo zobusela ngokuvamile azibandakanyi ucwangciso olunzulu kwaye zidla ngokukhawuleza. Abantu abanalo mqathango banokuthi babe kwindawo yokubala njengendawo yokuthengisa okanye ivenkile xa umnqweno wokuba utshontsho. Ubukhulu bezo zikhuselo ziyahluka. Abantu abanalo mqathango banokuphepha ukuqhuba ubuqhophololo xa kunokwenzeka ukuba kubakho ukuthengwa kweentengiso, njengokuba abasebenzi besitolo okanye ukuthotyelwa komthetho kusondele.
Yintoni Enokubekwa Ngayo?
I-Kleptomania iyahluke kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokuthengwa kweentloba kuba abathengisi baceba ngokucwangcisa ubusela babo kwaye benze le ndlela yokuziphatha ukuze bafumane izinto abazifunayo kodwa abanako ukufikelela.
Abantu ngabanye nge-kleptomania, ngakolunye uhlangothi, beba ngokukhawuleza ukuze banciphise uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo ukwakha ukuba awenzi.
I-Kleptomania ingenzeka yedwa, kodwa idla ngokubonakala kwezinye iimeko. Abantu abanalo mqathango banokuzithengisa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokuxhalaba , kunye nezinye izifo ezinxulumene nokulawulwa komgudu .
Ezinye iziphazamiso ezingenzeka kunye nekleptomania ziquka:
- Izifo zengqondo
- Ukuphazamiseka kwintlungu
- Ingxaki yokuxhalabisa
- Umzimba we-dysmophic disorder
- Ubume obungalunganga obuphambanisayo
- Ezinye iziphazamiso zokulawula iziphumo
I-disorder iye yaboniswa ukuba idibene neziyobisi kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala .
Ezinye iingcali zibonisa ukuba kukho uhlobo oluthile lokudibanisa i-genetic phakathi kweengxaki zokusebenzisa izixhobo kunye ne-kleptomania.
Uphando lufumene ukuba ama-59 ekhulwini abantu abane-kleptomania baphinde bafumane ukuba baneengxaki ezichaphazelekayo ngexesha elithile ebomini babo. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba amazinga aphezulu okudibanisa kunye nezinye izimo zengqondo ziquka ukukhathazeka , ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokukhathazeka kokutya . Phakathi kwama-43 no-55 ekhulwini labantu abane-kleptomania baye bafunyaniswa ukuba bane-co-occid disorder disorder-disanoid disorder personality kunye ne- histrionic personality disorder .
Ukuze kuhlolwe i-kleptomania, kufuneka kuqale kuqaliswe ukuba iimpawu azikwazi ukuchazwa kakuhle ngenye imeko yesifo sengqondo ezifana nokukhubazeka kokuziphatha okanye ukungaxhatshazwa kwabantu.
Yintoni Ebangelwa Kleptomania?
Izizathu ezisemthethweni ze-kleptomania ziyikhono oluphandwayo, nangona kuphakanyiswa ukuba zombini iimpembelelo zendalo kunye nezosingqongileyo zingadlala indima.
Iimbono ezahlukeneyo kwingqondo-nkcazo ziphakamisile ezimbalwa iinkcazelo:
Indlela yokwenza i-Psychoanalytic: Iinkcazo ze- Psychoanalytic zekleptomania ziye zayiqonda ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Abanye bacetyisa ukuba abantu baqhutyelwa ukuba bafumane izinto ukwenzela ukuba batyhathele ngokufanelekileyo uhlobo oluthile lokulahleka okanye ukungahoywa. Ngokwale ndlela, unyango lwe-disorder lufumaneka ekufumaneni iinjongo eziphambili zokuziphatha.
Indlela yokuqonda-Indlela yokuziphatha: Iinkcazo ezinokwenza iingcamango zibonisa ukuba ingxaki ingaqala xa umntu eqinisekiswa ngokuqinisekileyo ngokuba into ethile. Emva kokuba ukweba kokuqala kungabikho miphumo emibi, kuba lula ukuba ukuziphatha kuya kuphinda kwenzeke kwakhona kwikamva.
Ekugqibeleni, iingongoma ezidibaniswa nezenzo zokuba ziba namandla kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukuqhubeka. Xa umntu efumana imeko apho kufumaneka khona iimeko ezifanayo zokusingqongileyo, banokufumana inqweno enkulu yokweba ngokukhawuleza.
Ngenxa yokuba isenzo sokweba siphumelela uxinzelelo kunye nokuxhatshazwa komntu okwenzekayo, ukuziphatha kwakhona kuya kuhambelana nokuxinwa kwengcinezelo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, umntu angase aqale ukweba njengeendlela zokujamelana nokunciphisa uxinzelelo.
Indlela Yokuphila: Iinkcazo zezinto eziphilayo zibonisa ukuba ukuziphatha kunokudibaniswa nemimandla ethile yengqondo kunye nokudityaniswa kwemida ethile ye- neurotransmitters . Ezinye iziphumo zidibanise ukuvela kwekleptomania ukuba kungasebenzi kwi-lobe yangaphambili yengqondo. Kwiimeko ezimbini ezixeliweyo, ukuphazamiseka okugqithiseleyo kwi-lobe yangaphambili kubangele iimpawu zomzimba ezinjengobungcungcutheko, iimpawu zokuziphatha ezifana nobugwenxa , kunye neempawu zokuqonda ezifana nokulahleka kwememori okulandelwa ngokukhawuleza kokuziphatha kleptomania.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuba i- SSRIs isetyenziselwe ukuphatha kakuhle i-kleptomania, ebonisa ukuba umgaqo we- serotonin unokubandakanyeka . Amanye ama-neurotransmitters afana ne- dopamine kunye ne-opiods engapheliyo inokudlala indima ekuphuhliseni ingxaki.
I-Kleptomania iyaphi na?
Kwenzeka njani ukuba i-kleptomania iqhelekile? Kucatshangelwa ukuba akunqabile. Uqikelelo lubeka ubungakanani bexesha lokuphila phakathi kwee-0.3 ukuya ku-0.6 kubemi, nangona kuphakanyisiwe ukuba inamba yangempela ingaba phezulu.
Abanye bathi:
- Ubuninzi be-kleptomania aluqhelekanga kodwa kuqikelelwa ukuba nefuthe elimalunga nama-1.2 abantu abadala base-US, okanye aba-6 kubantu abadala abayi-1000.
- Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-kleptomania ibhalela iipesenti ezi-5 zazo zonke izitishi, ukuguqulela ekulahlekeni kwezoqoqosho ngonyaka.
Ngenxa yokuba abantu banokuziva benamahloni okanye babe neentloni ngeemeko zabo, le ngxaki iyicingelwa ukuba iyaxelwa. Idatha kaZwelonke ekuvavanya ukuxhaphaka kwabantu bonke abakhoyo, kodwa amanani athathwe kwiisampuli zekliniki zibonisa ukuba i-kleptomania inokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kunokuba ikholwa ngaphambili. Ngokomzekelo, uphando oluthile lwezigulane zekliniki lubone ukuba phantse iipesenti ezi-8 zazisa iimpawu zangoku ezihambelanayo nekleptomania.
I-Kleptomania ichongwa njani?
I-Kleptomania ihlolwe ngokugqirha ngugqirha okanye kwizempilo yengqondo. Ngenxa yokuba i-kleptomania iqhubana kunye nezinye iimeko ezifana nokuphazamiseka kokutya, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kunye nokukhathazeka kokuxhalaba, kudla ngokuxilongwa xa abantu bethunyelwa kugqirha ngenxa yeempawu zabo ze-psychiatric. Ukufumanisa i-diagnostic inokwenzeka kwakhona ukuba iimpawu ze-kleptomania ziye zaholela ekubanjweni ngenxa yokuba.
Ekuhlolweni kokuqala ngugqirha wezonyango, isigulane singathunyelwa kwisazi sengqondo okanye umqondo weengqondo ukuze uphonononge. Ukuxilongwa kungabandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweengxoxo zegulane kunye nokuhlaziywa kweirekhodi zomthetho. Ukulawula izikali ze-psychometric ezifana ne-Kleptomania Symptoms Assessment Scale (K-SAS) okanye i-Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Ukuguqulwa kwe-Kleptomania (K-YBOCS) inokuba luncedo ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa.
Ubume bemfihlo yesifo kunye neemvakalelo ezinxulumene netyala kunye neentloni zingaphazamisa ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango. Kwezinye iimeko, abantu bafumana kuphela ukuxilongwa kunye neyeza ngenxa yokuqhagamshelana nomthetho wezomthetho ngenxa yokubanjelwa ukuphanga.
I-Kleptomania ithathwa njani?
Ezi zimbini zonyango eziqhelekileyo kwi-kleptomania ziquka:
Amachiza: I- serotonin i-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) kunye namanye ama- antidepressants abonise ukuphumelela ekuphatheni iimpawu ze-kleptomania kwaye ingasetyenziswa ngokubambisana ne-cognitive-behavioral therapy.
I-Psychotherapy: Ulwaphulo-mbono lwendlela yokuziphatha lujolise kuzo zonke iingcamango nezenzo ezichaphazela ukweba kwaye ziboniswe ukuba ziphumelele ekulawuleni iimpawu ze-kleptomania.
I-Psychotherapy isoloko yonyango lokuqala lweengxaki zokulawula ukuphazamiseka, ngenjongo yokunceda isigulane sifunde ukuqonda izibongozo zabo, zifumanisa ukuba zenza ntoni kule mizamo, kwaye zifumene iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokunciphisa iingxamiseko nokuxhatshazwa.
Kungekudala kuye kwaba kutshintsho ekusebenziseni ukungenelela kwe-psychopharmacological kunye neendlela zokwakheka kwengqondo.
Ukungenelela kwangaphambili kunye nokunyanga okubalulekileyo kubalulekile ukuze kuncede abantu abafumana iimpawu ze-kleptomania baphephe uxinzelelo olungadingekile kunye nemiphumo yomthetho. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukunyanga naziphi na iziganeko ezibandakanyekayo ezinokuthi zibekho ngoncedo olufanelekileyo.
ILizwi
I-Kleptomania yimeko enzulu yesifo sengqondo esinokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumsebenzi womntu kunye nobomi. Akunakho nje kuphela ukuba i-disorder ibangela ukuxinezeleka okukhulu, kunokubangela nemiphumo ebalulekileyo yomthetho kubantu abanjwe beba. Ukubanjwa, ukuvalelwe, kunye neendleko zomthetho akuqhelekanga kulabo abanekleptomania.
Ngethamsanqa, kukho amanyathelo onokuyithatha ukuba wena okanye umntu owaziyo uye kleptomania. Xa unyango olufanelekileyo, unokufumana iindlela zokujamelana neminqweno yakho kwaye uphinde ubeke iimpawu ezingalunganga kunye neenzuzo ezingaphezulu. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unokuba nekleptomania, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho okanye uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo ukuze ufumane isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zeengqondo (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Ukushicilela i-Psychiatric yaseMerika; 2013.
> Ukunika, JE, Kim, SW, & Odlaug, BL (2009). Ucwaningo olulawulwa kabini, oluphambili lwe-placebo lwe-opiate ochasayo, i-naltrexone, kwonyango lwe-kleptomania. Psychiatry. 2009; 65 (7): 600-606.
> Grant, JE, Odlaug, BL, Davis, AA, & Kim, SW Iziphumo zomthetho ze kleptomania. Iigqirha zengqondo ngekota. 2009; 80 (4): 251-259.
> Ries, RK, Fiellin, DA, Miller, SC, & Saitz, R. Imigaqo ye-Addiction Medicine. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins; 2009.
> Schreiber, LRN, Odlaug, BL, & Grant, JE. Amanyathelo okuNcediswa kweziNgezelelo: Isahluko 58. Amayeza okuLungiswa kweZenzo. I-San Diego, CA: I-Press Press; 2013.