Ukuhlaselwa kwesohlwayo kubonakalisa ukwesaba, ukwesaba, kunye neempawu zomzimba ezingenakuthathaka . Ezi zihlaselo azikhethiwe njengengxaki yengqondo yengqondo kodwa zenzeke njengengxenye yesifo sengqondo okanye imeko yonyango. Ukuhlaselwa kweentlanzi kuhlulwa zibe zimbini iintlobo: kulindelwe kwaye kungalindelekanga. Oku kulandelayo kuchaza iimpawu kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlasela.
Iimpawu zokuhlaselwa kweentlungu
Inkcazo yokuThengisa kunye neSatisatisti yeengxaki zengqondo, ishicilelo sesihlanu, ( DSM-5 ) yincwadi esetyenziswa ngabahlinzeki bempilo yengqondo ekwenzeni uvavanyo oluchanileyo. Ngokutsho kweendlela zokuxilonga ezidweliswe kwi-DSM-5, ukuhlaselwa kwesoyiko kuhlangenwe nakho ngokukhawuleza ukwesaba nokwesaba ngaphezu ezine okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo zengqondo, iimvakalelo kunye neempawu:
- Iintliziyo zentliziyo okanye ixabiso lentliziyo elikhawulezileyo
- Ukujuluka okukhulu
- Ukuthuthumela okanye ukuthuthumela
- Ukuphefumula okanye ukuva
- Uvakalelwa ukukhahlela
- Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukungahambi kakuhle
- Intlungu okanye ubuhlungu besisu
- Ukuziva uhlaziyiweyo, ukungaqiniseki, ukukhawuleza, okanye ukuphelelwa amandla
- Ama-chill okanye ukutshisa okutshisa
- Ukusetyenziswa kunye / okanye ukuxhomekeka komntu
- Uloyiko lokulahlekelwa ukulawulwa okanye ukuphosa
- Ukoyika ukufa
- Iimvakalelo zokugungqa okanye ukuvala (i-paresthesias)
Iimpawu zokuhlaselwa kwesoyiko zivela ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziphakame kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Xa ukuhlaselwa kwesoyiko kuye kwaxhaswa, iimpawu ziyakunqumla ngokupheleleyo okanye umntu ogxekayo angakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo exhalabileyo, mhlawumbi ngokuphindaphinda umjikelezo wokuhlaselwa kwe-panic.
Ukuhlaselwa kweempawu ze-panic ezinqamlekileyo zenzeke xa zonke iikhrayitheriya zidibene, kodwa umntu ufumana iimpawu ezingaphantsi kwezine kwiimpawu ezibonisiweyo.
Iintlobo zeentlanzi zokuhlaselwa
Ukuphela kokuhlaselwa kwesoyiko kungabonakali ngamandla kunye nobude bexesha, kodwa banokuthi bahluke ngokwezinto ezibangele ukuhlaselwa. I-DSM-5 iluhlu lweentlobo ezimbini ezihlukeneyo nezohlukeneyo zokuhlaselwa kwesifo:
- Ulindeleke ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic: Ezi ntshutshiso zilindeleke xa umntu ephantsi kweengcamango ezithile okanye izinto eziphazamisayo. Ngokomzekelo, umntu oloyiko lwezithuba ezifihliweyo (i- claustrophobia ) angalindela ukuhlaselwa ngethuba xa ephakamileyo okanye kwezinye iindawo ezincinci. Umntu onokwesaba ukundiza ( ukuphazamiseka kwezilwanyana ) unokuhlaselwa ngokuphazamiseka xa ehlabela indiza, ngexesha lokukhutshwa, okanye ngexesha elithile ngexesha lokuhamba.
- Ukuhlaselwa kwePajisi engalindelekanga: Ezi ntshutshiso ziyaxakeka ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo okanye isibonakaliso. Xa kunokuhlaselwa kwe-panic engalindelekanga, umntu unokukhululeka ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu ziphuhlise. Olu hlobo lokuhlaselwa kwe-panic aluhambelani naluphi na uluvo lwangaphakathi lwangaphakathi, ezifana neengcamango eziyikrakrayo, iimvakalelo zesantya esikhulu kunye nokuxhalaba, okanye ukukhathazeka ngokomzimba. Ukuhlaselwa okungalindelekanga akunakwenzeka kunye neengcinga zangaphandle, ezifana neefosbias ezithile okanye zivelele kwisiganeko okanye imeko.
Ixhoba lokuhlaselwa kunye nokuxilongwa
Ukuhlaselwa kwesohlwayo kudla ngokudibanisa nokuxilongwa kweengxaki zesifo kodwa kunokunxulumana nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo. Ukuhlaselwa kweentlanzi zihlala zihambelana nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokukhathazeka, njenge- agoraphobia , ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokuxinwa kweengxaki (post-traumatic disorder disorder) (i-SAD), i-phobias ekhethekileyo, ingxaki yokunyanzela ( OCD ), ingxaki yoxinzelelo (GAD), i- bipolar ingxaki , kunye nengxaki enkulu yokudandatheka.
Ezi zihlaselo ziyakwenzeka ngokubambisana neengxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo yengqondo, kubandakanya ukukhathazeka komntu , ukuphazamiseka kokutya kunye nezifo ezinxulumene nezidakamizwa.
Ukuba ufumana ukuhlaselwa koyiko, ugqirha wakho okanye umboneleli wezempilo engummiselo unokufumana ukuba iimpawu zakho zesifo zibonisa ukuba unesifo sokuphazamiseka okanye imeko ehlukile. Ingcali yakho inokukunika i-diagnostic echanekileyo kunye nesicwangciso sokhathalelo . Ekuqaleni ufumana unyango ngenxa yeempawu zakho zokutya, kungekudala ungalindela ukulawula ukuhlaselwa kwakho.
Iinjongo zokuhlaselwa kwePaic In Trouble Disorder
Inkathazo yePaniki yimeko enzima yengqondo yengqondo equka ukuvakalelwa nokukhathazeka.
Njengoko kuchazwe kwi-DSM-5, ukuphazamiseka kwesifo kukwahlukana njengesifo sokuxhalabisa kunye nesethi yayo ecacileyo yeendlela zokuxilonga.
Ukufumana ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic engalindelekanga ngokuqhelekileyo kuyimpawu yokuba umntu unokulindela ukuba abe nexesha elizayo. Ukunyamezela nokungalindelekanga ukuhlaselwa yinto ephawulekayo yokuphazamiseka kwesifo. Abantu abaxilongwa ngokuba neengxaki zokuphazamiseka banokuxhomekeke ekuhlaselweni kobusuku obushushu, uhlobo oluthile olungalindelekanga lokuhlaselwa kwe-panic olwenzekayo xa umntu ephukile elele kwaye ebavusa ngeempawu zesifo.
Ingxaki yesifo sobuhlungu ikhula ngokukhawuleza ekufikeni komntwana okanye ekhulile, kodwa ingahle iqalise ebuntwaneni okanye ekhulile. Uphando lufumene unxibelelwano oluqinileyo lwentsapho, olucebisa ukuba ukuba nelungu leentsapho zezilwanyana kunye neengxaki zentsapho zibeka ingozi enkulu ekuphuhliseni le meko. Ukuphazamiseka kwentlungu kubangele kabini kuninzi kubasetyhini kunamadoda. Izizathu zokuphazamiseka kwengxaki aziyiyo ngoku. Iingcamango ezahlukeneyo zihlola impembelelo yendalo, i-biological, neyengqondo. Uninzi lweengcali zivuma ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwesifo kuba ngumphumo wokudibanisa kwezi zinto.
Umntu onenkathazo yokuphazamiseka unokufumana ukulinganiselwa okukhulu ngenxa yokuhlaselwa ngumsindo. Ngokomzekelo, banokuchitha ixesha elininzi lokuxhalabisa ngekamva lokuhlaselwa kwesoyiko kwaye banokuphepha ezinye iimeko kunye neemeko abacinga ukuba ziya kuba negalelo ekuhlaseleni. Ukongezelela, abaninzi abantu abanenkinga yokuphazamiseka babhekane nokulondeka kunye nokwehlukaniswa, behlazeka ngenxa yeempawu zabo kwaye besaba ukuba abanye baya kubagweba kakubi ngenxa yeempawu zabo zokutya.
Unyango lweNkathazo yokuPhupha
Nangona kungekho nonyango yokuphazamiseka kwesifo, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokonyango ezifumanekayo ukunceda abantu ukulawula iimpawu zabo. Ezi zikhetho eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya imithi echanekileyo kunye / okanye i-psychotherapy. Uninzi lwabantu abaneengxaki zokuphazamiseka ziza kukhetha zombini ezi zikhetho kunye nokwenza izinto zokuzinceda.
Ukuxhatshazwa kweengxaki zokuphazamiseka , njengama- antidepressants kunye ne-benzodiazepines, kunokunceda ukunciphisa ubunzima bokuhlaselwa kwesifo kunye nezinye iimpawu ezixhalabisa. I-Psychotherapy inokukunceda ekujonganeni nemvakalelo enzima kwaye uphuhliso lwezobuchule bokusebenza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kukhethwa ukhetho, kubalulekile ukufumana uncedo lokwesaba nokuxhalabisa. Ngokukhawuleza ukuxilongwa kuye kwenzelwa kwaye unyango luqala, okhawulezayo unokulindela ukujamelana neempawu nokulawula ubomi ngokuphazamiseka kwengxaki.
> Umthombo
- > I-American Psychiatric Association (2013). I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Umbhali.