I-Dopamine yi- neurotransmitter (iikhemikhali ekhishwe ngamaseli enyantya) edlala indima ebalulekileyo kunye neyohlukeneyo kwindlela osebenza ngayo ingqondo yakho.
Umsebenzi weDopamine kwiBrain
I-Dopamine neurons (iiseli zesisindo) zinemizimba yeseli kwi-midbrain enezintambo ze-nerve (ezibizwa ngokuthi i-axons) ezithe zafikelela kwinani lezinye iindawo kwindawo yengqondo. Oku kuvumela ukuba i-dopamine idluliselwe kwisayithi enye yobuchopho ibe yinye, kwaye ezi ziqhagamshelwano zibizwa ngeendlela ze-dopaminergic.
Iiprojekthi zendlela ye-dopaminergic ukusuka kwindawo ye-midbrain ebizwa ngokuba yi-substantia nigra kwi-basal ganglia, edibanisa ukunyakaza emzimbeni. Xa kukho ukulahleka kwe-dopamine neurons kwi-substantia nigra, isifo sika-Parkinson senzeke-isifo sengqondo esichazwe yimfudu epholileyo, ukubonakala okuqinileyo kunye nokuthungula.
Ezinye izingosi zokubonakalisa i-dopamine ziquka i-correx ye-prefrontal, indawo yengqondo ebalulekileyo ekuxazululeni iingxaki, ukucinga okulukhuni, imemori, ingqondo kunye nolwimi. Iindlela ezincinane zokubonakalisa i-dopamine ziquka i-amygdala, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenziseni iimvakalelo, kunye ne-hippocampus, ebalulekileyo kwimemori.
Ukongeza kwintsebenzo, imvakalelo, imemori kunye nokucinga, i-dopamine neurons idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni nasekuvuzweni. Yingakho izinto ezithile zokuxhaphazwa, ikakhulukazi i- cocaine kunye ne- nicotine , zilutha - njengoko ezi zinto zikhuthaza inkqubo yempatho ye-dopamine kwi-brain.
Isixhumanisi seDopamine kwiMpilo yakho
Ngaphandle kwesifo se-Parkinson, ezininzi izifo zengqondo ziye zadibana ne-dopamine dysregulation efana ne-schizophrenia, ingxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengxaki (ADD) , ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokudandatheka.
Indlela i-dopamine ifuthe ngayo ezi zifo zengqondo zihlukile.
Ngokomzekelo, kwi-ADD, ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo ye-dopamine kubangalisa ingqalelo. Yingakho ivuselelo, njengeRitalin (methylphenidate) okanye i-Adderall (i-amphetamine), eyenza ukwandisa amanqanaba e-dopamine kwingqondo, kunceda ukuphucula nokuqapha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwi-schizophrenia, inkqubo ye-dopamine ayisebenzi. Yingakho amayeza avimba i-dopamine receptors kwingqondo (ebizwa ngokuba yi-antipsychotics) isetyenziswe kunyango lwayo.
Ngaba i-Dopamine idlala indima kwi-Borderline Personality Disorder?
Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba ukungasebenzi kwe-dopamine kungabandakanyeka ekuphuhliseni ukuphazamiseka komntu (BPD) . Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu kwizifundo ezixhasa indima ye-dopamine ekucingeni, ekulawuleni iimvakalelo kunye nokulawulwa kwempembelelo-zonke ezingenakukhubazeka kubantu abane-BPD. Kwakhona, imithi ye- antipsychotic ibonakala iyanciphisa iimpawu ezithile ze-BPD, ingakumbi ezo zengqumbo kunye neengxaki ezinengqiqo (njengengcinga ye-paranoid).
Oko kuthethwa, ezinye iingcali zithi indlela i-antipsychotics inceda ngayo izigulane nge-BPD yiyindlela engeyiyo i-dopamine. Ngokubanzi, kunzima ukusho ngeli xesha ukuba i-dopamine ebaluleke kangakanani ekuphuhlisweni okanye kwi-BPD. Uphando oluthe ngakumbi luya kunceda ekuqaliseni ukuxhamla.
Okukwintsusa
Inkqubo ye-dopamine yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, inomdla ethatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yengqondo neyengqondo. Ngokuqhubeka nokuphonononga indima ye-dopamine kwingqondo, izazinzulu ziza kuzuza inethemba lokufumana ulwazi olufunekayo ukuphuhlisa imithi ejoliswe kwi-dopamine. Ngoko-ke abantu abanezifo ezidityanisiweyo ze-dopamine, ezifana ne-schizophrenia, bangaphumelela kwaye banqande imiphumo engathandekiyo.
> Imithombo:
> Cohen, BM & Carlezon, WA (2007). Ayikwazi ukufumana ngokwaneleyo loo dopamine. I-American Journal ye-Psychiatry, 164 (4): 543-6.
> Friedel, RO (2004). I-Dopamine ukungasebenzi komntu ongenamkhawulo wesifo: ingcinga. Neuropsychopharmacology, 29 (6): 1029-39.
> Ingenhoven, TJ, & Duivenvoorden, HJ (2011). Ukuphumelela okungafaniyo kwe-antipsychotics kumngcipheko wobuntu bomda: ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta-control of placebo, ukuhlolwa kwee-clinical random on domains effects. Umbhalo we-Clinical Psychopharmacology, 31 (4): 489-96.
> Siddiqui SV, Chatterjee U., Kumar, D., Siddiqui A., & Goval, N. (2008). I-neuropsychology ye-prefrontal cortex. I-Indian Journal ye-Psychiatry, 50 (3): 202-8.