Yiyiphi Ingxaki? Ngubani ochaphazelekayo? Ngubani osemngciphekweni?
Ngexesha elinye okanye kwelinye, sonke sihlolisise ukuba sivale umnyango wangaphambili, "siqongqeleka emthini" ukuze sigweme inhlekelele ethile, okanye sibe nombono ongaqhelekanga okanye ophazamisayo ukuphuma emakhanda ethu ngaphandle kwebala. Ngelixa abaninzi abantu baqhubeka behamba ngemisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla ngaphandle kokunika le ngcamango ingcamango yesibini, ukuba unengxaki yokunyanzelisa ingxaki (OCD) , ezi ntlobo zenzeke zingabangela uxinzelelo.
I-OCD ithathwa njengengxaki yokuxhalabisa, njengoko abantu abachaphazelekayo ngenxa yokugula kwengqondo banokuxhalabisa kakhulu ngenxa yeengcamango ezinzulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkqubo ezininzi ziyenziwa ngomzamo wokunciphisa ukuxhalabisa okubangelwa ukugqithiswa.
Izibonakaliso ze-Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Ukuqwalaselwa kukucinga , imifanekiso, okanye iingcamango ezingayi kuhamba, azifunanga, kwaye zixhalabisa kakhulu okanye zixhalabise ("Kuthekani ukuba ndisuleleka sulele ngesifo esibulalayo?" Okanye "Kuthiwani ukuba ndiyichukumisa umntwana okanye ndibulale umlingane? "). Ukunyanzeliswa kukuziphatha okufuneka kwenziwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuze kunciphise uxhalaba. Izibambiso zihlala zihambelana nokunyanzelisa. Umzekelo, ukuba unomdla wokungcola, unokuziva uphosakele ukuba uhlambe izandla zakho ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusoloko kunjalo.
Ngubani ochaphazelekayo yi-Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?
I-OCD yesifo esifana nesichukumisayo malunga nama-2.5% abantu ngaphezu kobomi babo bonke.
Kuhlangene namava kunye nabasetyhini kwaye ichaphazela zonke iintlanga kunye neenkcubeko. I-OCD idla ngokuqala ngokukhawuleza ekufikeni kwentsha / ukukhula kwabantu abadala, nangona abantwana abaselula kunye nabaselula banokuchaphazeleka. Abazali kunye nootitshala bahlala bephosakela i-OCD kubantwana abancinci nakwishumi elivisayo, njengoko behamba ubude obude ukufihla iimpawu zabo.
Abazali bamele baqaphele i-subtype ye-OCD kubantwana abaqhubekileyo okanye baqhutywe ngumzila we-throp throat, apho isistim somzimba somntwana sihlasela ubuchopho. Ifomu le-OCD ye-Neuropsychiatric Disorder (PANDAS) ye-OCD ye-OCD akhawunti ye-25% yabantwana abane-OCD. Ngokungafani ne-OCD evamile, eqhubekayo ngokukhawuleza, i-PANDAS OCD ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye inezinye iintlobo zeempawu ezingahambelani neemeko eziqhelekileyo ze-OCD.
Uphi I-Disessive Compulsive Disorder?
Iimpawu ze-OCD zivame ukubonakala ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye zinokuhlala zihlala ixesha elide ukuba zingaphathwa. Ukuxinezeleka ngenxa yokungabikho kwemisebenzi, ubunzima beentsebenziswano, iingxaki esikolweni, ukugula okanye ukubeletha kungabangela ukuba kubekho iziphumo ezinamandla zeempawu ze-OCD. Ukongeza, nangona enye "i-OCD gene" engazange ichongwe, i-OCD ingaxhamla kumaqela athile omzimba. Unokuba usengozini enkulu xa kukho imbali yentsapho yentleba.
Abantu abasengozini kwi-OCD bachaza imfuno enamandla yokulawula iingcamango zabo kwaye bazive ukuba iingcinga ezingaqhelekanga okanye ezingaqhelekanga zithetha ukuba ziyahamba okanye ziza kulahlwa. Ngako ke, ngelixa abantu abaninzi banokuba neengcamango ezingaqhelekanga okanye ezingavamile - ngokukodwa xa uziva unxinekile - ukuba unobungozi kwi-OCD kunokuba nzima ukuyihoxisa okanye ukulibala malunga nale ngcamango.
Enyanisweni, ngenxa yokuba ezi ngcamango zibonakala zinobungozi, ugqiba ukuhlawula ingqalelo ngakumbi kubo, obangela umjikelezo onobungozi.
I-OCD inokuqondwa kwakhona kwizinto eziphilayo. Nangona kwakukho ixesha xa kugqalwa ukugula kwengqondo kuba yiphumo lomntu ongafaniyo, ngoku kuyacaca ukuba izifo zengqondo, ezifana ne-OCD, zibangelwa yizinto eziphilayo. Enye ingcamango kukuba i-OCD ivela ekuphazameni kwesekethe kwingqondo ehlunga okanye "iicensors" ezininzi iingcamango, iingcamango, kunye nemiphumo esiyiyo yonke imihla. Ukuba unayo i-OCD, ingqondo yakho ingaba nzima ukugqiba iinjongo kunye neminqweno yokuvala.
Ngenxa yoko, unako ukuvalelwa kunye / okanye ukunyanzeliswa. Ukuchithwa kwalo mgaqo kunxulumene ne-serotonin engafanelekanga.
Unyango lwe-Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Kukho iintlobo zamachiza asebenzayo ekunciphiseni ubukhulu kunye nobukhulu beempawu ze-OCD. Uninzi lwamachiza asebenzayo ekuphatheni i-OCD, njenge-Prozac (i-fluoxetine), i-Paxil (i-paroxetine), i-Zoloft (i-sertraline) kunye ne-Anafranil (i-clomipramine), ithintela amanqanaba e-serotonin.
Iiphilisi zengqondo nazo zonyango oluphumelelayo kakhulu ekunciphiseni ubukhulu kunye nokuqina kweempawu ze-OCD. Ukuphulukiswa kwengqondo kwe-OCD kugxininisa ukutshintsha kwendlela yokuziphatha kunye / okanye iingcamango. Xa kufanelekile, ingqondo yengqondo ingenziwa yedwa okanye idibene neyeza. Iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zonyango zengqondo ze-OCD ziyi-ctnitive-behavior therapy (CBT) kunye neyeza lokukhusela kunye nokukhusela impendulo (ERP).
Imithombo:
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. "Incwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Distress mentals, i-4th ed., Umbhalo wokuhlaziya" 2000. Washington, DC: Umbhali.
UPawulos, uDavid. "Imfuza yeengxaki zokunyanzeliswa ngokugqithiseleyo: ukuhlaziywa kobungqina." I-American Journal ye-Medical Genetics ngo- Apreli 15 2008, 148: 133-139.
Rachman, uStanley. "Ukuqwalasela, uxanduva kunye necala." Uphando lwezoPhando kunye noTyhuwari ngo- 1993, ngo-31: 149-154.
Saxena, Sanjaya, kunye noRauch, Scott. "I-neuroanatomy esebenza kakuhle kunye neuroanatomy ye-disorder-disulsive disorder". Iikliniki zeeNgqondo zaseNyakatho Melika Septemba 1 2000, 23: 563-586.