Iingcali zengqondo zifunda isayensi yentlalo ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo
Izindlela zophando lwezezengqondo zentlalo zivumela ukuba iingqondo zengqondo zibukeke bhetele kwizinto ezibangela ukuba abantu bahlanganyele kwiimeko ezithile kwiimeko zoluntu. Ukuze ufunde ngokuziphatha ngokuziphatha kwezentlalo, izazi zeengqondo zithembele kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zesayensi ukuqhuba uphando ngezihloko zengqondo zentlalo . Ezi ndlela zivumela abaphandi ukuba bavavanye iingcinga kunye neengcamango baze bajonge ubudlelwane phakathi kweenguqu ezahlukeneyo.
Kutheni abantu benza izinto abazenzayo? Kwaye kutheni ngezinye iinkhathi baziphathe ngokuhlukileyo ngamaqela? Le mibuzo ayinomdla kuphela kwizentlalo zengqondo, kodwa kubafundisi, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo wabantu, abaphathi bezempilo, okanye nabani na owake wabukela ibali leendaba malunga nomcimbi wehlabathi waza wazibuza, "Kutheni abantu benza njalo?"
Nguwuphi uhlobo lophando olungcono? Oku kuxho mekeke kakhulu kumxholo umphandi ohlolayo, izibonelelo ezikhoyo, kunye nenkolelo okanye i-hypothesis ephandwa.
Kutheni i-Psychologists ifunda isifundo seNtlalo?
Kutheni sifundisisa ukuziphatha kwentlalo? Ekubeni kuninzi "ukuqonda" kubakho izenzo ezininzi zabantu, ngamanye amaxesha abantu abahluleki ukubona ukubaluleka kwenzululwazi yokufunda izinto ezinjalo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba ubulumko bendoda ngokuqhelekileyo bunokumangalisa ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye ukuchazwa kwezesayensi emva kokuziphatha kunokumangalisa.
Imilingo yokuthobela ukuthobela iMilgram yimizekelo yendlela iimiphumo zovavanyo zingayichasa ngayo ubulumko obuqhelekileyo.
Ukuba ubuze abantu abaninzi ukuba babeya kuthobela isigunyaziso somntu nokuba ngaba kuthetha ukuthatha iikhowudi zabo zokuziphatha okanye ukulimaza omnye umntu, mhlawumbi babengafuni ukuba baya kwenza into enjalo. Kodwa iziphumo zikaMilgram zachaza ukuba ama-65 ekhulwini abathathi-nxaxheba babeya kubangela omnye umntu ngenxa yokuba baxelelwe ukuba benze njalo ngumbutho.
Ngenxa yezizathu ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa indlela yezenzululwazi ukufundela iziganeko zengqondo kwiinjongo, inqobo, kunye nokuhlalutya. Ngokusebenzisa indlela yenzululwazi, abaphandi bangabona ubudlelwane bangela kunye nentsingiselo kwaye bavelise iziphumo zabo zokulinga kubantu abaninzi.
Nangona ukuqonda okuqhelekileyo kunokusitshela ukuba iintshaba zitsalane, ukuba iintlobo zeentaka zihamba kunye, okanye ukuba ukungabikho kwabangela ukuba intliziyo ikhule, i-psychologists inokubeka iimvavanyo ezinjalo ukuvavanya ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zophando ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho inyaniso ngokwenene kubantu abanjalo bulumko.
Iingcali zezeNzululwazi zenzululwazi zisebenzisa njani uphando oluchazayo?
Injongo yophando oluchazayo kukubonisa oko sele kusekho kwiqela okanye kubemi.
Omnye umzekelo wololu hlobo lophando luya kuba ngumbono wovoti ukufumanisa ukuba ngabaphi na abaviwa bezopolitiko abaceba ukuvota ngexesha lonyulo oluzayo. Ngokungafani nezifundo ze-causal kunye nezifundo, izifundo ezichazayo azikwazi ukuqikelela ukuba kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kweenguqu ezimbini. Bakwazi kuphela ukuchaza oko kukho phakathi kwabantu abanikezelweyo.
Umzekelo wocwaningo oluchazayo luya kuqhuba uphononongo ukufumanisa isimo sengqondo somntu malunga nomcimbi othile wezenhlalakahle ezifana nokuqhawula umtshato, ukuhlawulwa komthetho okanye ukunyulwa komthetho.
Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zoPhando oluchazayo
Ezinye zeendlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo zophando ezichazayo ezisetyenziswe ngabafundi bezengqondo zentlalo ziquka:
Uphando
Uphando mhlawumbi luyinye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo zophando oluchazayo. Ezi zihlolisiso zihlala zixhomekeke kwizinto zokuzibika ezizimeleyo apho abantu bazalisa imibuzo ngokuziphatha kwabo okanye iimvo zabo. Inzuzo yendlela yokwenza uphando kukuba ivumela abaphandi bezengqondo bezemvelo ukuba baqokelele inani elikhulu leenkcukacha ngokukhawuleza, ngokulula, kwaye ngexabiso.
Indlela yokuBheka
Oku kubandakanya ukubukela abantu nokuchaza indlela abaziphatha ngayo.
Ngamanye amaxesha kubhekiselwa ekubonweni kwintsimi, oku kungabandakanya ukudala imeko kwibar kwaye ukhangele indlela abantu abaphendula ngayo okanye ukwenza ukukhanya kwemvelo kwimeko yendawo.
Uhlobo ngalunye lokubheka lunamandla kunye nobuthathaka. Abaphandi banokukhetha ukusebenzisa iindlela zokubheka kwibhuyibhile ukuze bafumane ulawulo olukhulu kwiinguqu ezingenakwenzeka, ngelixa banokukhetha ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kwemvelo ukuze bafumane ukufaneleka kwemvelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukubonwa kwebhu kubonakala kwindleko kwaye kunzima ukuphunyezwa ngaphandle kokubona izinto zendalo.
Izifundo zeZifundo
Uphononongo lwesifundo lubandakanya ukuqwalasela ngokucacileyo umntu okanye iqela elilodwa. Uphando lwezifundo lunokuvumela abaphandi ukuba baqonde izinto ezinqabile kakhulu okanye zingenakwenzeka ukuvelisa kwizicwangciso zokulinga. Ukufundwa kwetyala ngoGenie , intombazana encinci eyayisetyenziswe kakubi kwaye ingenanto yokufunda ulwimi ngeli xesha elibucayi, ngumzekelo omnye wokuba uphando lwamaxesha lunokuvumela ukuba izazinzulu zentlalo zifunde iimeko ezingenakukwazi ukuvelisa ebhodini.
Iingcali zengqondo zentlalo zisebenzisa i-Correlational Research?
Iingcali zengqondo zentlalo zisebenzisa uphando oluhambelanayo ukuze lukhangele ubudlelwane phakathi kweenguqu. Ngokomzekelo, isazi senzululwazi yengqondo sinokwenza uphando oluhambelanayo olujongene nolwalamano phakathi kobundlobongela beendaba kunye nobudlova . Unako ukuqokelela idatha malunga neeyure ezininzi zeenkqubo zethelevishini ezinobundlobongela okanye zobundlobongela abantwana ababukela nganye iveki baze baqokelele ulwazi malunga nokuba abantwana benza ngobunzima kangakanani kwiimeko zobhebhu okanye kwisetyenziselwano zemvelo.
Ukuqhuba uphando, ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo ukuziphatha, okanye ukuqokelela uphando olusuka kwizifundo zangaphambili zizinye zeendlela ezisetyenziselwa ukuqokelela idatha yocwaningo lobudlelwane. Nangona lolu hlobo lwesifundo lunokukunceda ukuba ngaba iinguqu ezimbini ziba nolwalamano, aluvumeli abaphandi ukuba babone ukuba iinguqu ezinye zidala utshintsho kwezinye iinguqu.
Nangona umphandi kumzekelo wangaphambili kwimibutho yobudlova kunye nobudlova angasebenzisa iziphumo zokufunda kwakhe ukuqinisekisa ukuba kunokuba nobudlelwane phakathi kweenguqu ezimbini, akakwazi ukusho ngokucacileyo ukuba ukubukela ubudlova kumabonwakude kubangela ukuziphatha okubi.
Ngaba i-Psychologists isebenzisa njani uphando loPhando?
Uphando lophando luyisitshixo ekufumaneni ubudlelwane be-causal phakathi kwezinto eziguqukayo . Kuphando lovavanyo, uvavanyo olwenza ngokulandelelanayo lunikela abathathi-nxaxheba kwelinye lamaqela amabini:
- Iqela lolawulo. Iqela lolawulo alitholanga nonyango kwaye lusebenza njengesiseko.
- Iqela lovavanyo. Abaphandi baphatha amanqanaba okuhluka okuzimeleyo kwiqela lokulinga baze bavale imiphumo. Ngenxa yokuba abaphandi banakho ukulawula ukuhluka okuzimeleyo, uphando olwenziwa ngophando lungasetyenziselwa ukufumana ubudlelwane be-causal phakathi kwezinto eziguqukayo.
Ngoko ukuba isazi senzululwazi sasifuna ukuseka ubudlelwane obuncwane phakathi kobundlobongela beendaba kunye nokuziphatha okubi, uyafuna ukuyila uvavanyo lokuvavanya ingcinga yakhe. Ukuba ingcinga yakhe kukuba ukudlala imidlalo yevidiyo enobudlova kubangela ukuba abadlali baphendule ngokugqithiseleyo kwiimeko zentlalontle, uyafuna ukunikela ngokulandelelanayo izabelo kumaqela amabini. Iqela elilawulayo liza kudlala umdlalo wevidiyo ongeyena unobundlobongela kwixesha elithile elikhethiweyo ngelixa iqela lokulinga lidlala umdlalo onobundlobongela ngexesha elifanayo lexesha.
Emva koko, abathathi-nxaxheba babeza kufakwa kwindawo apho beza kudlala umdlalo ngokumelene nomnye umchasi. Kulo mdlalo, banokuphendula ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ngokungahambisani. Abaphandi baya kuthi baqokelele ulwazi malunga nendlela abantu basebenzisa ngayo iimpendulo ezinobudlova kule meko baze balinganise le ngcaciso nokuba ngaba bantu babengabalawuli okanye iqela lokulinga.
Ngokusebenzisa indlela yezenzululwazi, ukuyila uvavanyo, ukuqokelela idatha, nokuhlalutya iziphumo, umphandi unokugqiba ukuba kukho ubudlelwane obunobangela phakathi kobundlobongela beendaba kunye nokuziphatha kogonyamelo.
Kutheni kutheni iindlela zoPhando zeNtlalo zibaluleke kangaka
Ukufunda ukuziphatha komntu kunzima njengendlela yokuziphatha, okokuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba izazinzulu zentlalo zisetyenziswe iindlela zokukhetha abathathi-nxaxheba, ukuqokelela idatha, ukuhlalutya iziphumo zabo, nokubika iziphumo zabo.