1 - Ezinye zeeNzululwazi zezeNtlalo zengqondo ziyakunzima
Kutheni abantu benza izinto abazenzayo? Kutheni kubonakala ukuba abantu babonakala benza izinto ezahlukeneyo ngamaqela? Abanye bafumana njani impembelelo ekuziphatheni kwethu? Kule minyaka, iingcali zengqondo zentlalo ziye zahlola le mibuzo. Iziphumo zezinye izilingo eziyaziwayo zihlala zifanelekileyo (kwaye zihlala ziphikisana) kuze kube namhlanje.
Funda kabanzi ngezinye zezilingo ezidumileyo kwiimbali zengqondo yezentlalo.
2 - Ii-Asch Conformity Experiments
Yintoni oyenzayo xa uyazi ukuba ulungile, kodwa elinye iqela lingavumelani nawe? Ngaba uyaphetha kwixinzelelo leqela? Kwisiqendu sezilingo ezidumileyo ezenziwa ngo-1950, isazi sengqondo seSolomon uSsch sabonisa ukuba abantu baya kunika impendulo engafanelekanga kwiimvavanyo ukuze bahlangane nalo lonke iqela.
Ku- Asch eyaziwayo ngokuzivumelanisa ukulandelelana , abantu baboniswe umgca kwaye babuzwa ukuba bakhethe umgca wobude obufanayo ukusuka kwiqela labathathu. UAsch naye wabeka abadibaniselwano kwiqela eliya kukhetha ngokukhethayo imigca engafanelekanga. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba xa abanye abantu bekhetha umgca ongafanelekanga, abathathi-nxaxheba babefanele bahambisane kwaye banike iimpendulo ezifanayo njengabanye beqela.
Kutheni uvavanyo lwe-Asch lokuvumelanisa ngokufanayo luyaziwa namhlanje? Ngelixa singathanda ukukholelwa ukuba siya kukhanyela uxinzelelo lweqela (ikakhulukazi xa siyazi ukuba iqela liphosakele), iziphumo zika-Asch zityhila ukuba abantu banokumangalisa ukuba bavumelane . Uvavanyo luka-Asch alufunanga nje kuphela lusifundisa kakhulu malunga namandla okuthobela, kwaphefumlela lonke uphando olongezelelweyo malunga nendlela abantu abavumelana ngayo kunye nokuthobela, kuquka iMilgram yokuzama ukuthobela ukuthobela.
I-3 - I-Bobo Doll Uvavanyo
Ngaba ukubukela ubundlobongela kumabonakude kubangela ukuba abantwana baziphathe kakubi? Kuluhlu lwezilingo ezenziwa ebudeni beminyaka yokuqala yama-1960, isazi sengqondo sengqondo uAlbert Bandura senza uphando malunga nefuthe lokugonywa kwabantwana. Kwimvavanyo yakhe yeBobo doll , abantwana babeza kujonga ividiyo yomntu omdala ekudibanisaneni neDobo doll. Kwimeko enye, umzekelo omdala uziphatha ngokunyanisekileyo kwidonk, kodwa kwenye imeko, umntu omdala uza kukhaba, ukugada, ukubetha, kunye nokudanduluka kwidonki. Iziphumo zityhila ukuba abantwana ababukeleyo imodeli yabantu abadala baziphatha ngokugqithiseleyo kwidonki babenokukwazi ukuxelisa ukuziphatha kakubi kamva.
Kutheni i-Bobo doll test ijongwa kangaka namhlanje? Iingxoxo malunga nezinga elinobudlova kumabonakude elichaphazela ukuziphatha kwabantwana liyaqhubeka nokufutheka namhlanje, ngoko mhlawumbi akusiyiyo into yokuba iziphumo zeButura zihlala zifanelekileyo. Olu vavanyo luye lwabanceda ekuphefumleleni amakhulu emfundo yeziphumo ezongezelelweyo ekuhloliseni iimpembelelo zogonyamelo kunye nodlova.
4 - Uvavanyo lwejele laseStanford
Ngethuba lowe-1970, uFilipu Zimbardo wamisa igosa elinyanisiweyo kwisigxina seSebe laseStanford yengqondo, abaqashiweyo abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba badlale amabanjwa kunye nabalindi, kwaye badlala indima yomphathi wejele. Olu vavanyo lusetyenziswe ukujonga umphumo wokuba iimeko zentolongo ziza kuba nokuziphatha, kodwa ngokukhawuleza yaba yinto eyaziwayo kakhulu neyaziwayo.
Uvavanyo lwasejele lwaseStanford luye lwacelwa ukuba lugcine iiveki ezimbini ezipheleleyo. Kwaphela emva kweentsuku ezili-6 kuphela. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba abathathi-nxaxheba baba negalelo kwiimbopheleleko zabo ezicatshulwayo ukuba abalindi babaxhaphaza ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye amabanjwa abe nexhala, ecinezelekile kwaye ephazamiseke ngokomzwelo. Nangona uvavanyo lwaklanyelwe ukuba lujonge ukuziphatha kwejele, luye lwaba ngumqondiso wendlela abantu abanamandla ngayo ukunyanzeliswa ziziganeko.
Kutheni i-Expert Stanford ihlala idume namhlanje? Icandelo lokuchazwa ngokubaluleka kubangelwa kunyango lwabafundi. Izifundo zafakwa kwiimeko ezadala ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwengqondo. Kakhulu kangangokuthi isifundo sifanele sagqitywe ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha ngendlela yokuzama. Sekude kubekho ukufundiswa njengomzekelo wendlela abantu abayekela ngayo imeko, kodwa abagxeki bacebise ukuba ukuziphatha kwabathathi-nxaxheba kunokunyanzeliswa ngokungafanelekanga nguZimbardo ngokwakhe kwisigxina sakhe njengomphathi wejele.
5 - I-Milgram Iimvavanyo
Emva kwesilingo sika-Adolph Eichmann ngenxa yezophulo-mthetho zolwaphulo ezenziwa ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II, isazi senzululwazi uStanley Milgram sifuna ukuqonda kakuhle ukuba kutheni abantu bethula. "Ngaba ngaba i-Eichmann kunye nezigidi zakhe ezithatha izigidi kwiNkqantosi yayisilandela imiyalelo? Ngaba singazibiza zonke iinkampani?" UMilgram wazibuza.
Iziphumo zokumamela kwakhe ukuphikisana neentambo azizange zikumangalisa kwaye ziqhubeke zibangela ukucatshulwa nokuphikisana namhlanje. Uhlolisiso lubandakanye ukulawulwa kwabathathi-nxaxheba ukuba banikezele ukutshutshiswa ngokukrakra komnye umntu. Ngelixa ixhoba lalingumanyano ozenza nje ukulimala, abathathi-nxaxheba babekholelwa ngokupheleleyo ukuba banikezela abanye amandla. Nangona xa ixhoba lalikhusela okanye likhononda ngentliziyo, ama-65 ekhulwini abathathi-nxaxheba baqhubeka bebuhlungu, mhlawumbi baxakeka kwiimyalelo zomhloli.
Kutheni uphando lukaMilgram olugqithiseleyo namhlanje? Ngokusobala, akukho mntu ufuna ukukholelwa ukuba banako ukubetha intlungu okanye ukuhlushwa komnye umntu nje kwimimiselo yesigunyaziso somntu. Iziphumo zokuzama ukuthobela ziphazamisa kuba zibonisa ukuba abantu banamathela ngakumbi kunokuba bathanda ukukholelwa. Uphononongo uphinde ube nengxabano kuba ibhekene neengxaki ezininzi zokuziphatha, ngokukodwa ingcinezelo yengqondo eyenziwe kubadlali.
6 - Funda ngakumbi
Ngaba ufuna ukufunda okungakumbi malunga neendlela zokwenza uphando lwezekhnoloji, iimvavanyo kunye nezinye izinto ezithandekayo malunga neengqondo zentlalo? Emva koko qiniseka ukujonga ezi zilandelayo ziqhagamshelwano ukuze ufumane ulwazi olongezelelweyo kunye nezibonelelo.