Kutheni ngamanye amaxesha abaMbane bahluleka ukunceda
Ukuba ubonile ingxamiseko eyenzekayo phambi kwamehlo akho, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuthatha isenzo sokunceda umntu enenkathazweni, kunene? Ngelixa sonke esinokuthanda ukukholelwa ukuba oku kunjalo, izazi zengqondo zibonisa ukuba nokuba ungenele okanye ungangeneleli kunokuxhomekeka kwinani lamanye amangqina.
Ukuqonda iMiphumo
Isiphumo sokumelana nexesha libhekiselele kwimeko apho abantu abaninzi bekhona khona, abantu abangaphantsi banokukunceda umntu ekuhluphekeni.
Xa kwenzeka imeko engxamisekileyo, ababukeleyo banokuthi bathathe inxaxheba xa kukho ezimbalwa okanye kungekho na mangqina. Ukuba yingxenye yesihlwele esikhulu kwenza ukuba kungabikho mntu omnye onokuthatha uxanduva malunga nenyathelo (okanye ukungasebenzi).
Uchungechunge lwezifundo zakudala, abaphandi i-Bibb Latane noYohn Darley bafumanisa ukuba ixesha elithatha inxaxheba kuthatha inyathelo kwaye bafune uncedo luyahluka kuye kuxhomekeke kwingaphi abanye abantu ababukeleyo kwigumbi. Ngomnye umzamo , izifundo zafakwa kwiimeko ezintathu zonyango: yedwa ekamelweni, kunye nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba okanye ababini ababambisene nabo abazenza njengabaqhelanqamkileyo.
Njengoko abathathi-nxaxheba behleli begcwalisa imibuzo, umsi waqalisa ukuzalisa igumbi. Xa abathathi-nxaxheba bebodwa, i-75% yabika umsi kubalingisi. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-38% yabathathi-nxaxheba kwigumbi nabanye abantu ababini babika umsi. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela, abadibaniselwano ababini kulo mvavanyo baqaphela umsi baza bawutyeshela, okwakubangele kuphela ku-10% yabathathi-nxaxheba ababika umsi.
Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo uLatane noRudin (ngo-1969) lubone ukuba ngelixa iipesenti ezingama-70 ziza kunceda umfazi osizini xa bebodwa ubungqina, kuphela ama-40 ekhulwini anike uncedo xa abanye abantu bekhona.
Umzekelo weMpembelelo wokuLungisa
Umzekelo ogqithisiweyo kuninzi owenziwe ngumphumo wokumelana neencwadi zokubhala ngeengqondo zonyango ukubulawa kobuhlungu komfazi osemtsha ogama linguCatherine "Kitty" Genovese.
NgoLwesihlanu, ngo-Matshi 13, 1964, uGenovese oneminyaka engama-28 ubuyela ekhaya evela emsebenzini. Njengoko esondela kumnyango wakhe wendlu, wahlaselwa waza wagwazwa yindoda kamva yaqanjwa njengoWinston Moseley.
Nangona uGenovese efuna ukuncedwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, akukho namnye wabantu okanye abantu abahlala kwisakhiwo sendawo esiseduze beva ukukhala kwakhe kuthiwa ngamapolisa ukuba abike isiganeko. Ukuhlasela kuqala kwaqala ngo-3: 20 ekuseni, kodwa bekungekho u-3: 50 ekuseni ukuba umntu wokuqala wadibana namapolisa.
Ekuqaleni kwabikwa kwinqaku le- New York Times lika-1964, ibali laxatyiswa kwimeko kwaye luchaza inani elingachaniyo. Nangona kudlalwa rhoqo kwiincwadi zezifundo zengqondo, inqaku kwiphepha likaSeptemba 2007 le- Psychologist yaseMerika ligqibelele ukuba ibali lixelwa kakubi kakhulu ngenxa yezinto ezichanekileyo ezipapashwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumaphepha epapasho kunye neencwadi zengqondo.
Nangona i-Genovese ityala liye laxhomekeke kwiimeko ezininzi ezingalunganga kunye nokungaqiniseki, kukho ezinye iimeko ezininzi ezichazwe kwiminyaka yamuva. Isiphumo sokumelana sinokuthi sibe nefuthe elinamandla kwizenzo zentlalo, kodwa kutheni kwenzeka ntoni na? Kutheni singasinceda xa siyinxalenye yesihlwele?
Iinkcazo zePhepha lokuLungisa
Kukho izinto ezibini ezibalulekileyo ezifaka isandla kwisiphumo sokumela.
Okokuqala, ukuba khona kwabanye abantu kubangela ukusabalalisa uxanduva . Ngenxa yokuba kukho abanye ababukeleyo, abantu abavumi ukuvavanyelwa ukuba bathathe isenzo, kuba umthwalo wokuthatha isenzo kuthathwa njengokwabiwa phakathi kwabo bonke abakhona.
Isizathu sesibini sisidingo sokuziphatha ngendlela echanekileyo kunye noluntu olwamkelekileyo . Xa abanye ababukeli bengakwazi ukuphendula, abantu ngokuqhelekileyo bathabatha oku njengomqondiso wokuthi impendulo ayifuni okanye ayifanelekanga. Abanye abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba ababukeli abakwazi ukungenelela ukuba imeko ingenangqondo. Kwimeko kaCheto Genovese, amaninzi amaNgqina angama-38 abike ukuba bakholelwa ukuba babeshumayela "ngxabano lomthandi," kwaye akazange aqonde ukuba le ntokazi yayibhubhile.
Iimpawu zeemeko zinokudlala indima. Ngexesha leengxaki , izinto zihlala zixakeke kwaye imeko ayisoloko ikhanya ngokucacileyo. Ababukeli bangase bazibuze oko kwenzekayo. Ngethuba lexesha elixakekayo, abantu bahlala bekhangelelana nabanye kwiqela ukuze banqume oko kulungile. Xa abantu bejonge isihlwele baze babone ukuba akukho mntu uyayiphendula, ithumela uphawu lokuba mhlawumbi akukho mfuneko efunekayo.
Ngaba Unokuyithintela Umphumo Wabadlali?
Ngoko unokwenza ntoni ukuze ugweme ukuwela kulo mgibe wokungahambi? Ezinye izazi zengqondo zibonisa ukuba ukuqonda nje kuphela oku kuhamba kwindlela eyona ndlela inkulu yokuphucula umjikelezo. Xa ujongene nemeko efuna inyathelo, ukuqonda indlela umphumo wokumamela onokukubamba ngayo kwaye uqaphele ukuthatha amanyathelo okuwunqoba unokukunceda. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba kufuneka uzibeke engozini.
Kodwa kuthekani ukuba ungumntu oswele uncedo? Ungakhuthaza njani abantu ukuboleka isandla? Elinye iqhinga elicetyiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kukukhathala umntu omnye kwisihlwele. Jongana nomntu kwaye ucele lowo mntu ngokukhethekileyo uncedo. Ngokuzikhethela kunye nokuzikhethela isicelo sakho, kuya kuba nzima ukuba abantu bakujike.
> Imithombo:
> Darley, JM & Latané, B. (1969). Ummeli "ukunganaki." UMerika Scientist, 57, 244-268.
> Latané, B. kunye noDarley, uJM (1970) Ummeli ongaphenduliyo: Kutheni engancedi? Englewood Cliffs, NJ: iPrentice Hall.
> Manning, R., Levine, M. & Collins, A. (2007). Ukubulala u-Kitty Genovese kunye neengqondo zentlalo yokunceda: Umzekeliso wamaNgqina angama-38. I-Psychologist yaseMerika, ngo-2007; 62 (6): 555-562.
> Soloman, uLZ, uSolomon, H., noTye, R. (1978). Ukunceda njengomsebenzi we > inombolo > yabameli kunye nokungaxakeki koxinzelelo. Ubuntu kunye neNzululwazi yezeNzululwazi eBluelet, 4, 318-321.