Abantu babeka umzamo omncinane kwiqela
Ukutya okuhlaleni kubonisa ukunyameka kwabantu ngabanye ukubeka umgudu omncinci xa beyinxalenye yeqela. Ngenxa yokuba onke amalungu eqela ahlanganisa imizamo yabo yokufezekisa injongo enye, ilungu ngalinye leqela ligalela ngaphantsi kunokuba lingaba lijongene.
Umzekelo wokuNgcwa kweNtlalo
Khawucinge ukuba utitshala wakho wakunikezela ukuba usebenze kwiklasi yeprojekthi kunye neqela labafundi abayishumi.
Ukuba ubesebenza ngokwakho, ubuya kuphulaphula isabelo kumanyathelo uze uqale ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko uyingxenye yeqela, nangona kunjalo, ukutyeba kwezenhlalakahle zentlalo kwenza kube lula ukuba wenze umgudu ophantsi kule projekthi. Endaweni yokuthatha uxanduva lwemisebenzi ethile, unokucinga ukuba elinye lamalungu eqela liya kukunyamekela.
Okanye kwezinye iimeko, amanye amalungu eqela lakho acinga ukuba omnye umntu uya kukunyamekela isabelo sakhe somsebenzi, kwaye ugqiba ukunyanzela ukwenza isabelo sonke.
Yintoni Ebangele Ukutya Kwezentlalo?
Ukuba uke wasebenza njengenxalenye yeqela ngokubhekiselele kwinjongo enkulu, ngoko ngokuqinisekileyo awufumene le ngxaki yezengqondo kuqala. Kwaye ukuba uke wakhokela iqela kwaye mhlawumbi uye wacinga ukukhungatheka ngenxa yokungabikho kwemigudu ngamalungu amaqela amaxesha athile awakhupha. Kutheni le nto ngezinye iinkqubela iqhubekisa ukuxhatshazwa?
Iingcali zengqondo ziye zachazwa ezimbalwa.
- Iinjongo zingadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqaliseni ukuba i-social loafing ihamba. Abantu abangashukunyiswa ngumsebenzi banokuthi bangene ekuhlaleni kweentlalo xa beyinxalenye yeqela.
- Ukuxhatshazwa kweembopheleleko kubangele nokutya ekuhlaleni. Xa ngamaqela, abantu bathambekele ekubeni bazive bengabalulekanga ngokwabo kwaye banokuvakalelwa kukuba imizamo yabo ayinayo impembelelo encinci kwisiphumo. Yiyo efanayo ukuxhatshazwa kwexanduva elichaphazela oko kwaziwa ngokuba ngumthendeleli, okanye ukuthambekela kokungabikho kumnceda umntu enenkathazweni xa abanye abantu bekhona. Kungenxa yokuba abantu bacinga ukuba imizamo yabo ayinandaba nokuba ayinabangela uxanduva, bacinga ukuba omnye umntu uya kuba nguye oza kuthatha inyathelo.
- Ubungakanani beqela linempembelelo enkulu kumgudu abantu abawubeka ngamaqela. Emaqela amancinci, abantu banokuvakalelwa kukuba iinzame zabo zibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ngoko ke ziya kuba negalelo elikhulu. Elikhulu leqela, nangona kunjalo, umgudu ongaphantsi kwabantu uya kwandisa.
- Ukulindela kubalulekile nokuba kufikelele ekusebenzeni kweqela. Ukuba ulindele ukuba abanye abantu bayeke, mhlawumbi uya kuqhubeka ukususela ekubeni awufuni ukubambelela ukwenza wonke umsebenzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba ukhona kwiqela labafundi abaphezulu ababonakala ngathi balawulwa yimizamo yeqela, unakho kwakhona ukukhawuleza kwaye uvumele ukuba baphathe wonke umsebenzi.
Ukuthintela Ukutya Kwezenhlalakahle
Ukutya ukutya kweNtlalo kunokuba nefuthe elibi ekusebenzeni kweqela kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye izinto ezinokuthi zenziwe ukunciphisa imiphumo yokutya.
Ukudala amaqela amancinci nokuseka ukuphendula ngokwamntu ngamnye kunokukunceda. Amaqela kufuneka aphucule imigangatho nemithetho, achaze imisebenzi, anike uxanduva, ahlalutye inkqubela yomntu kunye kunye kunye nokugqamisa iimpumelelo zamalungu ngamnye.
Ngokuzilungisa iqela, ukubandakanya abantu kwimisebenzi ethile, nokukhuthaza ukunyaniseka kweqela, abantu baya kuba nako ukunikela bonke xa besebenza njengenxalenye yeqela.
Iingqungquthela ze-Ringelmann's Impressions-Impulling
Unjineli wezolimo waseFransi ogama linguMax Ringelmann wenza olunye uphando lokuqala ngalo mcimbi ngo-1913. Uphando lwakhe, wacela ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba badibanise ngentambo zombini kunye namaqela. Oko akufumanisa ukuba xa abantu beyinxalenye yeqela, benza umgudu ongaphantsi wokuthintela intambo kunokuba bayenze xa besebenza ngabanye.
Iqela labaphandi lachaza ukulinga ngo-1974, kunye neenguqu ezincinane. Iqela lokuqala lalihambelana nokufunda kwangaphambili kukaChinelmann kunye neqela elincinci labathathi-nxaxheba. Iphaneli yesibini ibandakanyeka ukusebenzisa abambiseneli kunye nomntu oyedwa othatha inxaxheba kwiqela ngalinye.
Abadibaniselwano babezenza nje ukuba badonsa intambo. Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba amaqela aqulethe bonke abathathi-nxaxheba abaye bafumana ukuncipha okukhulu kunokwenziwa komsebenzi, bacebise ukuba ilahleko zidibaniswe nezizathu zokukhuthaza kunokubambisana neengxaki zokusebenzisana.
Ucwaningo luka-2005 lufumene ukuba ubungakanani beqela banokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kweqela. Esi sifundo, isiqingatha samaqela senziwa ngabantu abane ngelixa esinye isiqingatha saba ne-8. Amanye amaqela ahanjelwe kwiindawo ezidibeneyo apho onke amalungu eqela asebenza kunye etafileni ukuxazulula ingxaki ababenayo kubo. Amanye amaqela abekwe kwindawo yokuhambisa apho basebenze kwingxaki efanayo ngekhomputha ngokuthetha kwiikhomputha ezihlukeneyo.
Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba abantu banomdla wokwenza umgudu omkhulu xa bekuncinci kumaqela omabini adibeneyo kwaye adibeneyo. Nangona zifakwe kumaqela adibeneyo, ke, abantu babeziva becinezelekile ukuba bakhangeleke nangona bebengekho ngelixa amaqela ahanjisiweyo ayengenakukwazi ukuva uxinzelelo olunjalo.
> Umthombo:
> Forsyth DR. Iqela leDynamics . ENew York: iWadsworth. 2009.