Ngaba i-phobias yosuku lwangoku lolwakhiwo loluntu?
Ukwakhiwa kohlobo luhlobo lwenkalo yokufunda echaza ukufundiswa kwabantu njengomzamo onzima wokwakha intsingiselo kwihlabathi elisijikelezayo. Abaqulunqi bakholelwa ukuba ukufunda kusebenza kwaye kulawulwa ngokwakho kunokuziphatha okanye inkcazo yokuqonda .
Ulwakhiwo lukwahlula ukufunda kwiindidi ezimbini: indawo yokuhlala kunye nokufana. Ukugxila kumnqweno womntu kunye nokukwazi ukufunda , kwaye utitshala okanye umphathiswa ulapho nje ukukunceda ukukhokela ukufunda.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokwakha, kuquka:
- Ingqiqo
- LweNtlalo
- YeNkcubeko
- Ephezulu
Apha siza kuxubusha ingqiqo yolwazi kunye noluntu njengoko luhambelana nencazelo ye- phobia . Inkcazo yentsebenziswano yentlalo ithetha okwesibini kuba yinto eyahlukileyo yokwakhiwa kwengqondo.
UConstruction Constructivism
Isazi sengqondo sengqondo uJean Piaget ufumana iitaliti ngokudala i- theory ye-constructivist . Iqukethe iinkalo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba: iminyaka kunye nezigaba. Ixesha elidala liqikelela ukuba abantwana bakwazi ukuqonda okanye abangaqondi izinto ezithile. Amagatya amacandelo anokubangela ukuba abantu abakwazi ukuqonda ngokukhawuleza nokusebenzisa ulwazi, endaweni yoko, kufuneka bakhe ulwazi lwabo ngamava.
Le ngqungquthela ngokuchanekileyo imelene nomzekelo wemfundo ezininzi kwizikolo zikarhulumente zaseburhulumenteni zase-US zisebenzisa ukutshintsha ulwazi. Xa ootitshala balindele ukuba abafundi bafunde ngekhanda ulwazi olunikeziweyo emva kokuba benze okufutshane, kunokuba bafumene umdla wabo kwinto ethile baze bafumane.
Kwinqanaba lokufundela u-Piagetian utitshala uthatha indawo ecebileyo evumela abafundi ukuba bahlole ngokukhawuleza.
Uphuhliso Lentlalo
I-constructivism yezenhlalakahle yintlobo yeengcamango zengqondo ezichazwe ngumfundi wezengqondo uLev Vygotsky. Wayekholelwa kwimizekelo engqondweni, kodwa wayethe into yokuba akuyona nje inkqubo yokufunda ebalulekileyo, "yinkqubo ngabafundi badibene kuyo yoluntu."
Wayebona ukuba ukufunda kufuna intsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu. Ngaloo ndlela, i-constructivism yentlalo yazalwa.
Zombini zengqondo kunye nezentlalo zibona ulwazi njengokwakhiwa ngokukhawuleza.
Uphuhliso lweNtlalo kunye noPilya Treatment
Ingcali elandela i-social constructivist theory yokunyanga isigulane se-phobia iyakwenza ukuba umntu aqonde kuphela ukwesaba kolunye ngokuhlola imeko yentlalo yolwazi lomguli.
Le ngcamango efanayo ibonakaliswa kwizicwangciso zonyango zentlalo yezakhiwo ze-phobia . Ingcali elandela le ngcamango yayiyakholelwa ukuba ukuphumelela kwonyango kuya kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwimeko apho isiguli sisetyenziswe ngoncedo olunezantsi.
Ngako oko, umgqirha wakho unokukufundisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukunqoba uloyiko lwakho ngelixa uhlala ekhaya kunye nolunye xa uhlala kuluntu.
Uphuhliso loLuntu lweengxaki zokuxhalabisa
Ukufumana ukuxhalaba kuyingxenye yoluntu. Nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba anxinekile anyuke kwizinga elimangalisayo ukususela ekupheleni kweWWII. Ngoku, ngekhulu lama-21, ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki ziphakathi kweengxaki zempilo yengqondo eziqhelekileyo kwihlabathi jikelele.
I-Phobias yintlungu yokuxhalabisa kwaye ezinye iiklinikhi zikholelwa ukuba ukwakha uluntu loluntu lwangoku, ngokuhamba ngokukhawuleza kunye neemfuno eziphezulu, negalelo, kwaye liyaqhubeka negalelo, oku kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka kwezixhala.
Ubungqina obuninzi bubonisa, ngokubhekiselele kwinqaku elipapashwe kwiCanadian Journal of Psychiatry, ukunyuka kubangelwa inkolelo ephakamileyo kuluntu lwethu "ukuba iimpawu ezinxulumene nexhala liyimpendulo enempilo kunye neyonyango ebomini kwiminyaka yanamhlanje,"
Imithombo:
I-Berkeley iCandelo loPhuculo lweeSatifikethi: uLuntu loLuntu loKwakha. > http://gsi.berkeley.edu/gsi-guide-contents/rearning-theory-research/social-constructivism/.
Dowbiggin. I-Canadian Journal of Psychiatry: Iingxaki eziphakamileyo - Ulwakhiwo lwezentlalo zeengxaki zokukhathazeka (2009).
Hays no Singh. Uphando olufaneleyo kwiZiko leMpilo kunye neZiko leMfundo. (2012).
IYunivesithi yaseHouston: Inkcazo yeCognitive Constructionism.