Kwizengqondo zentlalo , isalathiso yinkqubo yokunyusa izizathu zeziganeko okanye iimpawu zokuziphatha. Ubomi bwenene, isabelo sinto sonke senza nsuku zonke, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokuqonda malunga neenkqubo kunye neengxaki ezikhokelela ekuhambeni kwethu.
Ngokomzekelo, ngaphaya kwekhosi yohlobo oluqhelekileyo, mhlawumbi wenze imisebenzi eninzi malunga nokuziphatha kwakho kunye neyabantu abakujikelezile.
Xa ufumana ibakala elihluphekileyo kwi-quiz, unokumangalela utitshala ngokungachazi ngokwaneleyo izinto, ukugxotha ngokupheleleyo into ongazange uyifunde. Xa umfundi ofunda naye efumana ibanga elihle kwimbuzo efanayo, unokuthi umsebenzi wakhe omhle enenhlanhla, engayinaki into yokuba unomgangatho ophezulu wokufunda.
Kutheni senza imisebenzi yangaphakathi yezinto ezithile ngelixa senza abanye abavela ngaphandle ? Inxalenye yale nto ihambelane nohlobo lwesigqibo esisinokuyisebenzisa kwiimeko ezithile. Iingcamango zengqondo zidlalela indima enkulu.
Ziyimpembelelo yintoni imimiselo yokuziphatha eyenayo ngokwenene ebomini bakho? Imisebenzi oyenzayo imihla ngemihla inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwimvakalelo yakho kunye nendlela ocinga ngayo kunye nokuxhamla nabanye abantu.
Iintlobo
- Ulwabiwo lwabalandelayo: Xa uxelela ibali kwiqela labahlobo okanye omaziyo, mhlawumbi unokuxelela ibali ngendlela ebeka kuyo ukukhanya okusemandleni.
- Isibhengezo sokuSingela: Sivame ukubonisa izinto ngeendlela ezivumela ukuba senze izibikezelo ezizayo. Ukuba imoto yakho yatshatyalaliswa, unokwenza ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lube yinto yokuba ubeke kwindawo ethile yokupaka igaraji. Ngenxa yoko, uya kuphepha loo garaji yokupaka kwixesha elizayo ukwenzela ukuba ugweme ukuphanga okunye.
- Isibhengezo esichazayo : Sisebenzisa imisebenzi ecacileyo ukusinceda senze ingqiqo yehlabathi elisijikelezayo. Abanye abantu baneendlela ezicacileyo zokuchaza, ngelixa abanye bevame ukungabi namathemba. Abantu abanesigxina esithembekileyo kwiziganeko ezintle kwiziganeko ezizinzileyo, zangaphakathi kunye nehlabathi jikelele kunye neziganeko ezimbi ezibangelwa zizinzi, zangaphandle nezizathu ezithile. Abo abanesimo sokungathembeki kubangelwa iziganeko ezimbi kwiimeko zangaphakathi, ezizinzileyo nezizinzileyo kunye neziganeko ezilungileyo zangaphandle, ezizinzile nezizodwa.
Iingcamango
Iingcali zengqondo ziye zazisa iingcamango ezahlukeneyo zokuncedisa ukuqonda ngakumbi indlela inkqubo yokwenza umsebenzi ngayo.
"I-Common Think" ye-Heider
Kwincwadi yakhe ye-1958 ethi Psychology of Relationships Relations, uFritz Heider wacetyisa ukuba abantu babone abanye, bahlaziye indlela abaziphatha ngayo, baze bavele kunye neengcamango zabo zeengcaciso ezinjalo. Yenza iqela elijongene nale ngcaciso kwiimfanelo zangaphandle okanye izabelo zangaphakathi. Imfanelo yangaphandle yilezo ezichazwe kumandla emimoya, ngelixa iimbambiso zangaphakathi zithethwa kwiimpawu kunye neempawu.
Inkcazo yeNtsholongwane
Ngo-1965, u-Edward Jones noKeith Davis bacetyiswa ukuba abantu baxubushe ngabanye kwiimeko apho izenzo zenzeke ngokuzikhethela kunokuba zenzeke ngengozi.
Xa abantu bebona abanye besenza ngeendlela ezithile, bafuna idibaniselwano phakathi kweenjongo zomntu kunye nezenzo zakhe. Ukuxhatshazwa kwabantu okwenzayo kusekelwe kwisilinganiselo sokhetho, ukulindela kokuziphatha, kunye nemiphumo yaloo mpawu.
Iibhaso neempembelelo
I-Bias Self-Serving
Cinga ngethuba lokugqibela ufumene ibakala elungileyo kwisifundo sengqondo. Amathuba kukuba uthetha impumelelo yakho kwizinto zangaphakathi . "Ndenzile kakuhle kuba ndihlakaniphile" okanye "ndenze kakuhle ngenxa yokuba ndandifunde kwaye ndilungele kakuhle" ziincwadana ezimbini eziqhelekileyo ongazisebenzisa ukuze ulungele ukusebenza kovavanyo lwakho.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa ufumana ibakala elibi, nangona kunjalo? Iingcali zengqondo zentlalo ziye zafumanisa ukuba kule meko, unako ukubonisa ukuba ungaphumeleli kumandla angaphandle . "Ndiyiphumelelanga kuba utitshala wayebandakanya imibuzo ekhohlisayo" okanye "Iklasi elitshise kakhulu kangangokuba andinakukwazi ukugxila" yimimiselo yezizathu zokuba umfundi afike kunye nokuchazela ukusebenza kwakhe kakubi.
Phawula ukuba zombini ezi nkcazo zibeka ityala phezu kwemikhosi yangaphandle kunokuvuma ukuba uxanduva lomntu.
Iingcali zengqondo zibhekisela kule ngxaki njengento yokuzimela . Ngoko kutheni sikwazi ukubonisa ukuba yimpumelelo yethu kwiimpawu zethu zobuqu kwaye sinokutshintsha izinto ezikhoyo ngaphandle kokungaphumeleli kwethu? Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ukugweba izinto zangaphandle zokungaphumeleli kunye nokudumala kukunceda ukuzithemba .
I mpazamo Eyona ntlawulo
Xa kuziwa kwabanye abantu, sivame ukubonisa ukuba kubangelwa izinto zangaphakathi ezinjengeempawu zobuntu kwaye zinyanzelise okanye zinciphise ukuguquguquka kwangaphandle. Le nto ibonakala ixhaphake kakhulu, ngakumbi kwiinkcubeko zabantu .
Iingcali zengqondo zibhekisela kulo mkhuba njengephutha eliyisiseko ; nangona ubuninzi beemeko zikhona, ngokuzenzekelayo sichaza isizathu esichaphazelekayo kwiimpawu zangaphakathi.
Iphutha elisisiseko sichaza isizathu sokuba abantu bahlala besola abanye abantu ngezinto ezingenakho ukulawula. Ixesha elimangalela ixhoba lidla ngokusetyenziswa ngabaphathi bezengqondo bezenhlalakahle ukuchaza into apho abantu bebetyala khona amaxhoba angenacala abanobugebengu ngenxa yentlekele yabo.
Kwiimeko ezinjalo, abantu bangamangalela ixhoba lokuhluleka ukuzikhusela kwisiganeko ngokuziphatha ngendlela ethile okanye ukungathathi amanyathelo okukhusela okukhuselekileyo okanye ukukhusela umcimbi.
Imizekelo yale nto ibandakanya amaxhoba okudlwengulwa, abasindisayo basekhaya kunye nabaxhoba bezenzo zokuziphatha ngendlela ethile eyenza bahlaseli babo. Abaphengululi bacacisa ukuba ukujonga ukunyaniseka kubangela ukuba abantu bacinge ngokungekho nto ukuba amaxhoba kufuneka abe nokukwazi ukuxela iziganeko zexesha elizayo kwaye emva koko bathathe amanyathelo okuba baphephe.
I-Actor-Observer Bias
Okuthakazelisayo, xa kuziwa ekuchazeni indlela esiziphatha ngayo, sivame ukuba neengxabano ezichaseneyo zesiphene esisisiseko sempembelelo. Xa kukho into eyenzekayo, sikwazi ukugxeka amandla angaphandle ngaphandle kweempawu zethu. Kwengqondo, lo mkhuba uyaziwa ngokuba ngumdlali we-actor-observer .
Sinokuyichaza njani lo mkhuba? Esinye isizathu esinokuthi kukuba sinomnye ulwazi malunga nemeko yethu kunokuba sithini ngabanye abantu. Xa kuziwa ekuchazeni izenzo zakho, unolwazi oluthe xaxa malunga nawe kunye nezimo ezichasayo. Xa uzama ukuchazela indlela yomntu omnye ngayo, unobungozi obukhulu; unokufumana kuphela ulwazi olubonakalayo lula.
Akumangalisi ukuba abantu abanakuncipha ukuba baxhatshazwe kumdlali we-actor-observer kunye nabantu abakwaziyo ngoku. Ngenxa yokuba uyazi ngakumbi ngobuntu kunye nokuziphatha kwabantu abasondeleyo, unokukwazi ukuthatha ingcamango yabo kwaye mhlawumbi ukwazi ukuba izizathu ezinokuthi ziziphatheni zabo.
Iingxelo:
I-Goldinger, i-SD, i-Kleider, i-HM, i-Azuma, i-T., ne-Beike, i-DR (2003). "Ukugxeka ixhoba" phantsi komthwalo wememori. I-Psychological Science, 3 , 53-61.
UJaspars, J., Fincham, FD, & Hewstone, M. (1983). Igalelo leNkcazo noPhando: Imilinganiselo yoPhuhliso kunye noLuntu. I-Press Press.
Jones, EE & Nisbett, RE (1971). I-Actor kunye noMbonisi: Iimbono zeDivergent yezizathu zokuziphatha. ENew York: Inkcazo yokuFunda jikelele.