Phantse yonke imihla sichaza kwaye sivavanya ubuqu babantu abasijikelezile. "Unobuntu obunjalo," unokuthi ngomhlobo. "Ufumana ubuntu bakhe kubaba," usenokuthi ngonyana wakho onobungangamsha. Ngelixa sichitha ixesha elide sithetha ngobuntu, abantu abaninzi abaqinisekanga ngokuchanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo nendlela kunye neengqondo zengqondo.
Enoba siyaziqonda okanye akunjalo, le mihla ngemihla malunga nokuba njani kwaye abantu baziphatha njani njengokuba benzayo kufana neyiphi i-personality psychologists. Nangona uvavanyo lwethu olungaqhelekanga lobuntu luye kugxininisa ngakumbi kubantu, abantu bezengqondo zengqondo endaweni yoko basebenzisa iimpawu zobuntu ezinokuthi zisebenze kuwo wonke umntu. Uphando lwabantu luye lwakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwenani leengcamango ezincedisayo ukuchaza indlela kunye nokuba kutheni izici zobuntu ezithile zikhula.
Masiqwalasele ngokuthe ngqo ukuba zeziphi iingqondo zengqondo xa bethetha ngobuntu, indlela abafunda ngayo ubuntu babantu, kunye nezinye zeengcamango ezibalulekileyo zobuntu.
Iinkcazo
Nangona kukho iingcamango ezininzi zobuntu, isinyathelo sokuqala kukuqonda ngokuthe ngqo oko kuthetha ukuthini buntwini . Ubuntu begama ngokwalo luvela kwisiLatini igama elithi persona , elibhekiselele kumaskiti wezobuchwephesha agqithwe ngabadlali ukuze benze iindidi ezahlukileyo okanye bazidibanise ubungqina babo.
Inkcazo emfutshane yinto yokuba ubuntu bunokwakheka kweempawu zengcamango, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha okwenza umntu abe yedwa. Ukongezelela oku, ubuntu buvela phakathi komntu kwaye buhlala buvumelana ngokupheleleyo ebomini.
Ungachaza njani ubuntu? Ezi zilandelayo zimbalwa zeenkcazo eziye zafakwa ngabanye abahlukahlukeneyo beengqondo:
- "Oko kuvumela ukubikezelwa koko umntu uza kukwenza kwimeko ethile." -Raymond B. Cattell, ngo-1950
- "Intlangano enamandla ngaphakathi komntu wale nkqubo ye-psychophysical ecacisa indlela yakhe yokuziphatha nokucinga." -Gordon W. Allport, ngo-1961
- "Indlela yokuziphatha eyahlukeneyo (kubandakanywa iingcamango kwaye 'ichaphazela,' oko kukuthi, iimvakalelo, neemvakalelo kunye nezenzo) ezibonisa ngamnye umntu ngokunyamezela." -Walter Mischel, 1999
- Ubuntu bubhekisela kumaphethini omntu womqondo, imvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha, kunye neendlela zengqondo - ezifihlakeleyo okanye ezingekho - emva kweepateni. " -Ngaphantsi kwe-2001
- "Nangona kungekho ncazelo enye eyamkelekileyo kubo bonke abantu be-theorists, singatsho ukuba ubuntu ngumzekelo wendlela ehlala yimiqathango kunye neempawu ezizodwa ezivumela ukuba zombini uhambelane nokuziphatha komntu." -Feist and Feist, 2009
Nangona kukho iingcaciso ezahlukeneyo zobuntu, ininzi igxininise kumzekelo wokuziphatha kunye neempawu ezinganceda ukuqikelela nokuchaza indlela yokuziphatha komntu. Iinkcazo zobuntu zingagxininisa kwiimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo, ezivela kwiingcaciso zezofuzo zobuntu kumsebenzi wendalo kunye namava ekubunzeni ubuntu bomntu.
Imiba engqongileyo enokudlala indima ekuphuhliseni nasekubonakaliseni ubuntu kubandakanya izinto ezinjengomzali kunye nenkcubeko. Indlela abantwana abakhuliswa ngayo inokuxhomekeka kumntu ngamnye kunye neendlela zokuba ngumzali wabanakekeli kunye nemigangatho kunye nokulindelwa kweenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.
Izixhobo
Ngoko ke yintoni eyakhayo ubuntu? Njengoko kuchaziwe kwiinkcazo ezingentla, ungalindela ukuba iimpawu kunye neendlela zokucinga kunye nemvakalelo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ezinye zezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zobuntu ziquka:
- Ukubambisana: Ngokuqhelekileyo ulawulo olubonakalayo kunye nokuziphatha rhoqo kwiindlela zokuziphatha. Okubalulekileyo, abantu benza ngendlela efanayo okanye iindlela ezifanayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
- Iingqondo kunye nezobuqu: Ubuntu bunokwakhiwa kwengqondo, kodwa uphando lubonisa ukuba luye lwachaphazela neenkqubo zezilwanyana kunye neemfuno.
- Ichaphazela ukuziphatha kunye nezenzo: Ubuntu abuchaphazeli nje indlela sishukumisa ngayo kwaye siyiphendule kwimeko yethu; Kwakhona kusenza senze ngeendlela ezithile.
- Amagama amaninzi: Ubuntu buboniswa ngaphezu kokuziphatha nje. Ikwabonakala kwakhona kwiingcamango zethu, iimvakalelo, ubudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nezinye iintsebenziswano zoluntu.
Iingcamango
Kukho iinkolelo ezininzi malunga nendlela umntu ekhula ngayo . Izikolo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo kwiingcaphephe zichaphazela ezininzi zezi ngcamango. Ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zobuntu ziquka:
- Thayipha iikhoyori zimbono zokuqala zobuntu. Ezi ngcamango ziphakanyisiwe ukuba kukho inani elincinci "leentlobo zobuntu" ezinxulumene neempembelelo zezinto eziphilayo.
- Iingcamango zengqondo zivame ukubukela ubuntu njengomphumo weziganeko zangaphakathi ezisekelwe kwimfuyo.
- Iingcamango zengqondo ze- Psychodynamic zithonywe kakhulu ngumsebenzi we- Sigmund Freud kwaye zigxininise impembelelo yengqondo engazi . Iingcamango ze-Psychodynamic ziquka u-Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stage andory kunye no-Erik Erikson .
- Iingcamango zokuziphatha zibonisa ukuba ubuntu ngumphumo wokusebenzisana phakathi komntu kunye nendalo. Iingcali zendlela yokuziphatha zihlola iimpawu ezibonakalayo kwaye zilinganisekayo, ngokuqhelekileyo zihoxisa indima yeengcamango zangaphakathi neemvakalelo. Iingorori zokuziphatha ziquka uBF Skinner noJohn B. Watson .
- Iingcamango ze- Humanist zigxininisa ukubaluleka kwentando yokuzikhethela kunye namava ngamnye ekuphuhliseni ubuntu. Iingorists ze-Humanist ziquka uCarl Rogers noAbraham Maslow.
Izicelo zengqondo
Uphando olwenziwe ngobuntu lunakho ukuvelisa ulwazi olumnandi malunga nendlela umntu ekhula ngayo kunye nokutshintsha kwixesha lokuphila. Olu phando lunakho ukufumana izicelo ezibalulekileyo kwilizwe lenene.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuhlolwa kobuntu kusetyenziswa rhoqo ukunceda abantu bafunde kabanzi malunga nabo kunye namandla abo ahlukeneyo, ubuthathaka kunye nezinto ezikhethiweyo. Olunye uvavanyo lunokujonga indlela abantu abaphakamileyo ngayo kwiimpawu ezithile, njengokungathi ziphakame kakhulu, zinokholo okanye ukuvuleka. Olunye uvavanyo lunokulinganisa indlela iinkalo ezithile zobuntu eziguquka ngayo kwinkqubo yophuhliso. Ukuhlolwa kobuntu okunjalo nako kusetyenziselwa ukunceda abantu ukuba bancede ukuba banjani ukuba banokuyithandana nantoni na, banokwenza njani ngokufanelekileyo kwimisebenzi ethile, okanye indlela efanelekileyo ngayo ye- psychotherapy .
ILizwi
Ukuqonda i-psychology yobuntu kungaphezulu kokufunda nje. Iziphumo ezivela kubomi buntu zingabangela izicelo ezibalulekileyo kwihlabathi lempilo, impilo, ishishini, ezoqoqosho, iteknoloji kunye nezinye iindawo. Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba iimpawu ezithile zobuntu zinokudibana nokugula kunye nokuziphatha kwempilo. Ngokwakha ukuqonda okungcono indlela umntu asebenza ngayo, sinokujonga iindlela ezintsha zokuphucula impilo yomntu kunye noluntu.
> Imithombo:
> I-Carducci, iBJ. I-Psychology of Personality: Iimbono, uPhando, kunye nezicelo. ENew York: Wiley Blackwell; 2009.
> John, OP, Robins, RW, & Pervin, LA. Incwadi yoBuntu: iNkcazo noPhando. INew York: I-Press Guilford; 2008.