Ukuhlalutya Ubuntu Bokucebisa kunye Nesikhokelo Somsebenzi
Abantu baye bahlala bezama ukuqonda ubuntu kunye neengcamango ezininzi eziye zaphuhliswa ukuze zichaze indlela ubuntu bukhula ngayo nendlela ekuchaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha. Enye ingcamango yaphakanyiswa ngu-psychologist ogama linguRaymond Cattell. Wadala i-taxonomy yeziganeko zobuntu ezahlukeneyo ezili-16 ezingasetyenziselwa ukuchaza nokucacisa ukungqubana komntu phakathi kwabantu.
Izinto ze-Cattrell zobuntu ziye zafakwa kwi-Questionnaire Factor Factor Questionnaire (16PF) esetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje. Isetyenziselwa uqeqesho lwezemfundo kwimfundo kunye noqeqesho olusebenzayo. Kwishishini, lisetyenziswe ekukhetheni abasebenzi, ngakumbi ekukhetheni abaphathi. Isetyenziswe kwakhona kwisifo se-clinical diagnostic kunye nokucwangcisa unyango ngokuhlola ukuxhalaba, ukulungiswa kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha.
URaymond Cattrell
Wazalelwa ngo-1905, uCattell wabona ubungqina bezinto ezininzi ezinjengama-electric, iifowuni, iimoto kunye neenqwelo. Uphefumlelwe yizinto ezintsha kwaye wayezimisele ukusebenzisa iindlela zenzululwazi ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto ezinjalo kwiingcinga zabantu nobuntu.
Ubuntu, wayekholelwa, kwakungekho nje into engaqondakaliyo kwaye engaqinisekiyo. Yinto into eyayingayifundiswa kwaye ihlelwe. Ngokuphonononga isayensi, iimpawu zabantu kunye neziphathamandla ziyakwazi ukuqikelelwa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zobuntu .
UCattell wayesebenza kunye nengcali yeengqondo uCharles Spearman, owayeyaziwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi woovulindlela kwiinkcukacha. UCattell wayeza kusebenzisa ubuchule bokuhlalutya kwezinto eziphuhliswe ngu Spearman ukudala ubuqu bakhe bomntu.
Funda kabanzi malunga nezinto ezili-16 ezahlukeneyo ezenziwa nguCattell.
Izinto ezili-16 zobuntu
Ngokomxholo wobugcisa, ubuntu buntu bunamalungu amaninzi okanye iimpawu ezibanzi. Ezinye zezona zakuqala zezo ngcamango zamehlo zazama ukuchaza zonke iinkalo ezinokuthi zikhona. Ngokomzekelo, isazi senzululwazi uGordon Allport safumanisa amagama angama-4 000 ngolwimi lwesiNgesi olungasetyenziselwa ukuchaza impawu zobuntu.
Kamva, uRaymond Cattell wahlalutya olu luhlu waza wanciphisa iziganeko ezili-171, ngokugqithiseleyo ngokuphelisa amagama asemthethweni okanye engaqhelekanga. Waye ke wakwazi ukusebenzisa i-statistical technique eyaziwa njengoluhlalutyo lwenkcazo ukuchonga iimpawu ezinxulumene nomnye. Uhlalutyo lwengqondo lungasetyenziselwa ukujonga ubuninzi beenkcukacha ukwenzela ukukhangela iindwendwe kunye nokubona ukuba zeziphi izinto eziphambili okanye ezibalulekileyo. Ngokusebenzisa le ndlela, wakwazi ukuluhlu uluhlu lwakhe kwizinto ezili-16 eziphambili zobuntu.
Ngokutsho kukaCattell, kukho ukuqhubeka kwezimpawu zobuntu . Ngamanye amagama, umntu ngamnye uqulethe zonke izicwangciso ezili-16 ukuya kwizinga elithile, kodwa zinokuba ziphakamileyo kwezinye iimpawu kwaye ziphantsi kwabanye. Nangona bonke abantu benomlinganiselo othile wokungabonakali, umzekelo, abanye abantu banokuba becinga kakhulu ngelixa abanye bebasebenza kakhulu.
Uludwe olulandelayo lomntu luchaza ezinye zeendlela ezichazayo ezisetyenziselwa ngamnye ubukhulu bomntu obu -16 obuchazwe nguCattell.
- Ukuphawula: Ukucinga ngokukodwa
- Ukukhathazeka: Ukukhathazeka ngokuxhomekeka
- UkuBongamela: Unamandla ngokumalunga nokuthobela
- Ukuzinza Kwengqondo: Ukukhupha ngokukhawuleza
- Ubungangamsha: Ngokungafaniyo nokuthintela
- Ukuvulwa kweShintsho: I- Flexible versus attached to a familiar
- Ukugqithisa: Ukulawulwa ngokungahambisani nomgaqo
- Ukuzikhethela: Ukuqiqa ngokucacileyo
- Ukuqiqa: Ubungqina obuphikisana nekhonkrithi
- Umthetho-Ubulumko: Ukuvumelana ngokungahambisani nokungahambisani
- Ukuzithemba: Ukuzimelela ngokuzimeleyo
- Ubuntliziyo: Iintliziyo-ntliziyo ngokubhekiselele kwintliziyo enobuchopho.
- Ubundlobongela Bentlalo : Ukungabikho nxamnye neentloni
- Uxinzelelo: Unomonde ngaphandle kokukhululeka
- Ukulinda: Ukuxhasana ngokuthemba
- Ukufudumala: Ukuphuma ngaphandle
I-16PF yoLuntu lwemibuzo
UCattell wavelisa uvavanyo olusekelwe kwezi zinto zobuntu 16. Uvavanyo luyaziwa njengePowula ye-16 ye-Personal Person Questionnaire kwaye isasetyenziswa rhoqo namhlanje, ngokukodwa ekucebisi ngemisebenzi, ukululekwa komtshato, kunye nezoshishino zokuvavanya abasebenzi nokukhetha.
Uvavanyo luqulethwe yimibandela yokunyanzeliswa yonyanzeliso apho ummangalelwa kufuneka akhethe enye yeendlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo. Iimpawu zobuntu zimelelwe ngoluhlu kwaye amanqaku omntu awela kwindawo ethile ekuqhubekeni kokuphakathi kokuphezulu nakwezantsi.
> Umthombo:
> Cattell HEP, Mead AD. I-Questionnaire ye-Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF). EBoyle GJ. I-Sage Handbook ye-Indiversity Theory and Assessment: Vol. 2, Ukulinganisa Ubuntu novavanyo , eLos Angeles, CA: Sage. 2008.