Iimpawu zekhadineli yizo ezilawula ubuntu bomntu ukuze umntu aziwa ngabo. U-Don Juan, umzekelo, wayedume kakhulu ngenxa yokuxhaphaza kwakhe ngokwesondo ebizwa ngokuba igama lakhe lingumfana we-heartbreaker kunye ne-libertine. Umfana oseNarcissus weengoma zamaGrisi wayenomdla ngokuzibonakalisa kwakhe ukuba igama lakhe laba yingcambu yegama elithi narcissism okanye ukuzithiba ngokweqile.
I-Cardinal Trait's Ngokutsho kwe-Allport
Iingcali zengqondo uGordon Allport unomdla ekufumaneni ukuba ziphi izici zobuntu ezikhoyo .
Emva kokudibanisa isichazi sesiNgesi ngokwemiqathango enxulumene nobuntu, wacetyisa ukuba kukho amagama angama-4 000 ahlukeneyo achaza iimpawu zobuntu. Emva kokuhlalutya le migaqo, wavelisa iindidi ezintathu ezahlukileyo kwikota nganye.
1. Iimpawu zeKardinal
Iimpawu zekhadineli zazininzi kakhulu, kodwa ziphinde zenzeke. Iimpawu ezinjalo zibophelelwe ngokukhawuleza ngobuntu bomntu ukuba umntu uya kufana nezo mpawu.
Iimpawu zekhadineli zidla ngokukhawuleza zize zize zize zize zize zenze imiba malunga nayo yonke imicimbi yomntu, ukuziphatha kunye nezimo zengqondo. Amanani omlando adla ngokucatshulwa ngokwemiqathango yazo.
Ezinye imizekelo ziquka:
- UMama Teresa unxulumene ngokukhululekileyo kunye nokuthanda. Namhlanje, lakhe igama lilingana nalawo mpawu.
- U-Adolph Hitler unxulumene nobubi, kwaye igama lakhe livusa indlela yokubonakalisa inkani kunye nokunyaniseka.
- U-Einstein uyaziwa ngokuba ngumongameli wakhe, kwaye namhlanje igama lakhe lisetyenziselwa ukuba lifane nelizwi.
- Machiavelli (ububi)
- NjengoKristu-olungileyo (othembekileyo, othembekileyo, ongcwele)
- Ebenezer Scrooge (owekratshi)
- UMartin Luther King, Jr. (ubulungisa nokulingana)
- UAbraham Lincoln (ukunyaniseka)
- Sigmund Freud (psychoanalytical)
2. Iingingqi eziphambili
U-Allport wayekholelwa ukuba iimpawu eziphambili ziqhelekileyo kwaye zikhonza njengezakhiwo ezibalulekileyo zobuntu buntu. Ukuba ucinga ngamagama angundoqo ongawasebenzisa ukuchaza uhlamvu lwakho jikelele; ngoko ezo ziyimpawu zakho eziphambili. Unokuzichaza uhlakaniphile, unomusa, kwaye uphuma. Lezo ziimpawu zakho eziphambili.
U-Allport ukholelwa ukuba abaninzi abantu banemilinganiselo engundoqo emihlanu ukuya kweyishumi kwaye abaninzi abantu baqulethe ezininzi zezi mpawu kwiqondo elithile. Imizekelo embalwa yeempawu eziphambili ziquka ukunyaniseka, ubuhlobo, ukupha, ukuxhalaba nokukhuthaza.
3. Iimpawu zesekondari
Iimpawu zesekondari zazididi lwesithathu lweempawu eziza ku-Allport. Iimpawu zobuntu ezinjalo zivame ukuzibonakalisa kwiimeko ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, usenokuba ngumntu olula ukuhamba, kodwa unokuba ngumfutshane xa ufumana phantsi koxinzelelo oluninzi. Iimpawu ezinjalo zivame ukuzibonakalisa kuphela kwiimeko ezithile. Umntu oqolileyo, oqokelelweyo, umzekelo, unokukhathazeka kakhulu xa ejongene nokuthetha esidlangalaleni.
Iingcamango Zokugqibela kwiMpawu zeKardinal
Nangona iimpawu zekhadiyali ziqwalaselwa phakathi kwezona zinto zibalaseleyo, zikwafaneka.
Bambalwa abantu abalawulwa ngumxholo oyedwa kunye nobunzima bebomi babo bonke.
Iingcamango zengqondo zobuntu zibonisa ukuba ubuntu bomntu ngamnye luqulunqwe ngeenombolo ezahlukeneyo. Nangona i-conceptuzations yokuqala yeendlela eziphakanyisiweyo yayiphakamisa amaninzi okanye nokuba kukho izigidi zeempawu (njenge-Allport indlela), iingcamango zanamuhla ziphakamisa ukuba ubuntu bunamalungu angamahlanu ububanzi obukhulu .