Izinketho Zonyango Ephumelelayo kwiNgcaciso Yengxaki
Ukuphazamiseka kweentlungu kunye ne- agoraphobia ziimeko eziphathekayo. Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba abantu abaye bafumanisa ukuba baneengxaki zentshutshiso bangaphathwa kakuhle ngonyango, kwi-psychotherapy, okanye ngokudibanisa kwezi ndlela ezimbini.
Amachiza Okujongana Neengxaki Zengxaki
Kukho amayeza amaninzi aqinisekisiweyo ukuba yindlela ekhuselekileyo neyobuchule yokuphatha ingxaki yokuphazamiseka.
Iimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokuphazamiseka ziwela kwesinye sezigaba zibini: izidakamizwa kunye neziyobisi ezichasayo. Ezi zonyango ziyakunikwa ukuba zinciphise ubunzima beentlanzi kwaye zinciphise iimvakalelo eziqhelekileyo zokuxhalabisa.
- Ukuxhatshazwa
Njengoko igama libonisa, izidalwa ezixinzelelekileyo ziye zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo zengqondo, ezifana nokudandatheka kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo . Kamva kwafumanisa ukuba izidandlululo ziyakunceda ukuphazamiseka kweengxaki zokukhathazeka, kuquka ukuphazamiseka kwesifo. Ezi zonyango ziye zafunyanwa ngokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza ukunyameka kokuhlaselwa kwesoyiki kunye nokuxhalabisa. I-Anti-depressants inokusetyenziswa rhoqo xa umntu enenkqubela- mveliso , njenge- PTSD okanye ukudandatheka.
Iimvumi eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo zengxaki yokuphazamiseka zivela kwiklasi eyaziwayo yezinto ezichasayo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). Njengazo zonke i-anti-depressants, ii-SSRI zichaphazela izithunywa zeekhemikhali kwingqondo, ezibizwa ngokuba ngama- neurotransmitters . Ngokukodwa, ii-SSR zijolise kwi-neurotransmitter ebizwa ngokuba yi-serotonin, ehambelana nomoya. I-SSRI inceda ukulinganisela amanqanaba e-serotonin yomntu, onokukuncedisa ukulawula imizwa, ukunciphisa uxhalaba, nokuphucula ukulala.
I-SSRI idla ngokubhekiselele kubantu abanengxaki yokuphazamiseka ngenxa yokusebenza kwabo kwangexesha elide kunye nemilinganiselo emibi. Uphando lufumene ukuba i-SSRI inokukunceda ekunciphiseni ubukhulu kunye nokuphindaphindiwe kokuhlaselwa koyika. Ezinye ze-SSRI eziqhelekileyo ziquka iprozac (i-fluoxetine) , i- Zoloft (i-sertraline) , i- Paxil (i-paroxetine) kunye no- Celexa (citalopram) .
- Ulwaphulo lokuxhalabisa
Ukuxiliswa kwamachiza okuxhatshazwayo, okanye i-tranquilizers La mayeza anciphisa inkqubo yentsholongwane , engabangela umntu ukuba azive ekhululekile kwaye ekhululekile. Ngokuncedisa umntu ukuba abe neloyiko elingakumbi kwaye ukhathazeka, amayeza anxamnye noxinzelelo anganciphisa kakhulu iimpawu zesifo sokuphazamiseka.
I-Benzodiazepines yinkalo echazwe ngokuqhelekileyo yonyango oluxhatshazayo elinokukunceda ukunciphisa ubunzima bokuhlaselwa kwexhala. Ezi zonyango zinomphumo onokubangela ukuba uncede ngokukhawuleza ukunciphisa iimpawu zeentlanzi kunye nokuvuselela imeko ekhululekile. Ezinye ze-benzodiazepines ezithandwa kakhulu ziquka i-Xanax (alprazolam), iKlonopin (clonazepam), i- Valium (diazepam) kunye ne-Ativan (lorzepam). Kukho iingozi kunye nemiphumo emibi echaphazelekayo nala mayeza. Nangona kunjalo, i-benzodiazepines ifunyenwe ukuba yile mveliso ekhuselekileyo neyisebenzayo kwonyango yokuphazamiseka kwesifo.
I-Psychotherapy kwi-Treatment of Panic Disorder
I-Psychotherapy iye yafunyaniswa nokunyanga ngokuphazamiseka kwintlungu yesifo kunye ne-agoraphobia. Ngokusebenzisa i-psychotherapy, ingcali yengqondo yengqondo inokunceda umxhasi ekusebenzeni ngeengxaki ezingaphendulwanga kunye neemvakalelo. Ukongezelela, umgqirha unokunceda umxhasi ukuba athuthukise iindlela zokuphila nokuziphatha okuza kubancedisa ekujonganeni neempawu zabo zokutya. Iintlobo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zengqondo ye-psychotherapy ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwengxaki zibandakanya unyango lwe-ctnitive-behavioral ( CBT ) kunye neengqondo zengqondo yengqondo ( PFPP ).
- Unyango lweCognitive-Behavioral (CBT)
I-ctnitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) yindlela ye-psychotherapy eboniswe ngokufanelekileyo ekuncedeni ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokuphazamiseka. Enye yeenjongo eziphambili ze-CBT kukuphuhlisa izakhono zokujamelana nokuguqula iipateni zokucinga ezingalunganga kunye nokuziphatha okungenampilo. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abaninzi abanenkinga yokuphazamiseka babambelela iinkolelo ezingekhoyo, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo , malunga nabo kunye nehlabathi elibangqongileyo. Ukucinga okuphosakeleyo kudla ngokubangela ukuziphatha kakubi, njengokuphepha iingxaki. I-CBT inokunceda umntu anqobe iipatheni zokucinga ezingafanelekanga kwaye aphucule iindlela eziphilileyo zokulawula imeko yazo.
Ukuchithwa kwemisebenzi yindlela eyaziwayo ye-CBT esetyenziselwa ukunceda abantu banqobe ukwesaba kunye nokuxhalaba okudla ukuxhatshazwa. Ngokwemfuno yokungasebenzi, umgqirha wancinci uvelisa umxhasi kwizinto ezixhalabisayo ngenkqubela ekufundiseni indlela yokubuyisa kwakhona ukuxhalaba kwabo. Kancinci, loo mntu uqaliswa kwiimeko ezininzi zokwesaba, ukufunda indlela yokulawula ukwesaba kwabo kwiimeko eziloyiko.
Ngokusebenzisa le ndlela ye-CBT, umntu akafumani ukwesaba kwawo kwaye uthatha iindlela ezintsha zokucinga nokuziphatha. Ngokomzekelo, umntu oloyiko lokubhabha uya kuqala ukungafuni ukuhlaziya ngokusebenza kwiindlela zokuphumla ngelixa ejongene nesisombululo esibangela ukuba kubekho ukwesaba, njengemifanekiso yeenqwelo. Basenokugqibela phambili kwiimeko ezininzi zokubandezela, ezifana nokuya kwisikhumulo sezindiza okanye ukugibela iindiza. Kwimeko nganye, loo mntu ufunda ukulawula iimpawu zabo zesifo. Ngokuqhubela phambili, ukuchithwa kwemfuno kunokubanceda banqobe ukwesaba kwabo .
- I-Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PFPP)
I-Psypathical psychodynamic (PsPP) yinto ekhethekileyo yokwelapha esetyenziselwa unyango lweengxaki zokuphazamiseka. Le fom ye-psychotherapy ihlose ukufumanisa amava adlulileyo kunye nemiba yeemeko ezinokuthi zithintele ukuphuhliswa komntu wexhala kunye nexhala . I-PFPP inceda umxhasi ukuba aqaphele iimvakalelo ezixinzelelekileyo kwaye ezibuhlungu, ukuvumela umntu ukuba acombulule le micimbi ngokuxhaswa ngumgqirha ofanelekileyo. Kukholelwa ukuba ngokuza kuhambelana nokukhathazeka kwengqondo, umxhasi unako ukuyithintela imiba yabo ngokuphazamiseka kwengxaki.
Imithombo:
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. "Incwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities of the Mind, 4th. "1994 iWashington, DC: uMbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika.
I-Gladding, ST "Iingcamango zokucebisa: Iingcamango ezibalulekileyo kunye nezicelo" i-2005 High Saddle, NJ: i-Merrill Prentice Hall.
Silverman, uHarold M. "I-Pill Book. 14th. "2010 iNew York, NY: Iincwadi zeBantam.