I-CBT yoNyango lweNgcaciso yengxaki
Ukuba uthe wagqiba ekubeni uye kwi-psychotherapy ngenxa yesifo sengxaki, usenokuzibuza ukuba zeziphi ukhetho lwakho lwezokwelapha. Zininzi iintlobo zonyango ziyafumaneka, ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokufumana ingcali kunye noqeqesho lwangaphambili. I- Psypathic Psychodynamic Psychological ( PPP ) yinto ekhethekileyo ebonakaliswe ukuba iyasebenza ekuphatheni i-panic disorder; Olunye uphando lwe-psychotherapy - oluqhelekileyo lubonwa njengoluhlobo oluthandwa kakhulu lwezokwelapha ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngenxa yokukhathazeka- yindlela yokhathazeka kwengqondo (CBT).
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuqinisekisiweyo, ukujoliswa kwinjongo ekujoliswe kuyo, kunye neziphumo ezikhawulezayo, abaqeqeshi abaphatha ingxaki yesifo badla ngokukhetha i-CBT kwezinye iindlela zonyango. Oku kulandelayo kuchaza indlela ye-CBT kwaye ichaza indlela isetyenziselwa ngayo ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki yokuphazamiseka, ukuhlaselwa kweentlanzi kunye ne-agoraphobia.
Yintoni iChnitive Behavioral Treatment?
Ukunyangwa kwengqondo, okanye i-CBT nje, luhlobo lwesifo sengqondo esisetyenziselwa unyango lweemeko zempilo yengqondo. Iingcamango ezisisiseko ze-CBT zisekelwe kwingcamango yokuba iingcamango zomntu, iimvakalelo kunye nemibono zichaphazela izenzo zakhe nezenzo. Ngokweziqendu ze-CBT, umntu akanako ukuhlala ekwazi ukutshintsha iimeko zakhe zobomi, kodwa unokukhetha indlela aqonda ngayo kunye nezenzo zokuphila kunye nokuhla.
I-CBT isebenza ekuncedeni ukutshintsha ukucinga okuphosakeleyo okanye okungalunganga komntu, kwaye uncedisa ekutshintsheni iziphatho ezingenampilo. I-CBT isebenziselwa ukonyango lweengxaki ezininzi zempilo yengqondo, kubandakanywa ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwengxaki , i- phobias , i-post-traumatic disorder disorder ( PTSD ), kunye nomlutha .
I-CBT ifunyenwe ukuba yindlela yokwenza unyango olufanelekileyo kwiimeko ezithile zonyango, ezifana nesifo sengqondo sesifo sofuba (IBS), i-fibromyalgia, kunye nokukhathala okungapheliyo.
I-CBT yoNyango lweNgcaciso yengxaki
Enye yeenjongo eziphambili ze-CBT kukunceda umxhasi ukuba anqobe iipatheni zokucinga ezingafanelekanga ukuze akwazi ukwenza ukhetho olungcono kwizenzo zakhe kunye nokuziphatha.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abaneengxaki zokuphazamiseka badla ngokukhawuleza becinga iingcamango ezimbi kunye neenkolelo ezithintelayo , ezinokubangela ukunciphisa ukuzithemba nokunyuka okukhulu. Ukucinga okuyikrakra kunye nokungalunganga kudla ngokubandakanya ukuhlaselwa yintlanzi, uphawu oluphambili lokuphazamiseka kwesifo.
Ukuhlaselwa kwesohlwayo kudla ngokufumaneka ngokuxutywa kwempawu zomzimba nezengqondo. Iimpawu ze-somatic eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukuphefumula , iintliziyo zentlungu , intlungu yesifuba , kunye nokukhukhuma ngokweqile. Ezi zimpawu zivame ukubonakala ziloyiko kwaye zingakhokelela kwiingcamango ezinzima, ezinjengokwesaba ukulahlekelwa ukulawula, ukuhlaselwa okanye ukufa.
Uloyiko olunxulumene nokuhlaselwa kwesoyiki luya kuba lukhulu kangangokuba luqala ukuchaphazela kakubi ukuziphatha komntu. Umzekelo, umntu unokuqala ukwesaba ukuhlaselwa xa eqhuba okanye phambi kwabanye abantu (iingcamango). Umntu uya kuphepheka ukuqhuba okanye ukuhlala kwiindawo ezixubileyo (ukuziphatha). Ukuziphatha okunjalo kubangela imeko ehlukeneyo ebizwa ngokuba yi- agoraphobia . Nge-agoraphobia, iingcinga ezinoyiko zenziwa ngokukhawuleza ixesha, kwaye ukuziphatha okukhusela kuphela kunokuxhasa ukuloyiko.
I-CBT inokunceda abantu ngeengxaki zokuphazamiseka kunye / okanye i-agoraphobia ekuphuhliseni iindlela zokulawula iimpawu zabo.
Umntu akanako ukulawula xa ehlaselwa yintlanzi, kodwa unokufunda indlela yokujongana kakuhle nempawu zakhe. I-CBT inceda umxhasi ekufezekiseni utshintsho oluqhubekayo ngeenkqubo ezimbini:
Inkqubo ye-CBT
Qaphela kwaye Ubeke iingcamango ezimbi. Umqhubi we-CBT uza kuqala ekuncedeni umxhasi ekuboneni iingcamango zakhe ezimbi okanye iipatheni zokucinga. Ngokomzekelo, umntu unokunyangwa ukuba acinge ngendlela azijonga ngayo, ukujonga ihlabathi, okanye uvakalelwa ngexesha lokuhlasela. Ngokugxininisa kwinkqubo yokucinga, umntu unokuqala ukuqaphela indlela yakhe yokucinga kunye nendlela echaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha kwakhe.
Umgqirha angasebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi kunye nokuzivocavoca ukuze ancede umxhasi aqonde iingcamango zakhe ezimbi, kwaye afunde ukubeka endaweni yazo ngeendlela eziphilileyo zokucinga. Ukongezelela, imisebenzi yasekhaya idlalwa phakathi kweeseshoni ukunceda umxhasi ukuba ahlale echaza nokuphelisa ukucinga okuphosakeleyo.
Ukuzilolonga kwindlela enamandla yokuyisa iipatheni zokucinga ezingafanelekanga. Ezi zifundo zingasetyenziselwa ukwandisa ulwazi nokubuyisela iingcamango ezimbi. Ezinye iindlela zokubhala eziqhelekileyo ze-CBT ziquka ukubhala kwirejista , ukugcina iphepha lokubonga , ukusebenzisa iziqinisekiso , nokugcina idayari yokutya .
Ukwakha izakhono kunye neenguqu zokuziphatha. Isinyathelo esilandelayo se-CBT siquka ukwakha kwizicwangciso zokuziphatha ngokusemgangathweni ukuguqula iimpawu zokuziphatha. Ngethuba lesigaba, umxhasi uya kufunda ukuphuhlisa izakhono ukunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo , ukulawula uxhalaba , nokufumana ukuphazamiseka . Ezi zakhono ziyakuthi zihlaziywe kwiseshoni, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba umthengi enze iindlela zokuziphatha ngaphandle kwonyango, naye.
Ukuchithwa kwemisebenzi yindlela eqhelekileyo ye-CBT esetyenziselwa ukunceda umxhasi ukuba athathe ukuziphatha okudlulileyo. Ngokusasazeka ngokusesikweni, umqhubi we-CBT ubeka kancane kancane umxhasi ukuba akhathazeke ngokuxhalabisa xa efundisa indlela yokulawula iimvakalelo zakhe zokuxhalabisa. Umntu uziswa ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko ezininzi zokwesaba, ukuphuhlisa iindlela zokujamelana neempawu zesifo kwiimeko eziloyiko.
Ukunceda uhlale uxolo ngeemeko eziphazamisayo, iindlela zokuphucula zifundwa. Ezi zakhono zinceda ekulawuleni ukwesaba, ukunciphisa izinga lentliziyo, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, nokuphucula izakhono zokulungisa iingxaki. Ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuphumula zibandakanya ukuzivocavoca okunzulu , ukuphumla kwemisipha eqhubekayo ( PMR ), yoga kunye nokucamngca .
Ukuba yinye yeendlela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiyeza, i-CBT inokuba yinxalenye yenkqubo yakho yokubuyisela. I-CBT inokukunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu zodwa, kodwa abaninzi baya kufumana unxibelelwano lwezinto zokonyango ukuba luncedo. Ugqirha okanye ugqirha unokukunceda ukuba unqume ukuba i-CBT ikulungele kwaye ikuncede ekuphuhliseni isicwangciso sonyango esiza kuhambelana neemfuno zakho.
Imithombo:
Burns, DD (2008). Ukuziva Okuhle: Ulwaphulo olutsha lweModyuli (yesi-2.). ENew York: Avon.
IGreenberger, D. kunye nePadesky, C. (1995). Ingqondo Ngemivo: Shintsha indlela ovakalelwa ngayo ngokutshintsha indlela ocinga ngayo. Inew york; IGlueford Press.