Ukwahlukana kubandakanya ukunyamekela kwaye kufike ixesha elingakanani ukuhlaselwa
Unokuva imiqathango yokuxhalabisa uxhalaba kunye nokuhlaselwa kwesoyiko esetyenziselwa kwingxoxo njengoko kuthetha into efanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusuka kwimbono yeklinikhi, ukwethuka nokuxhalaba kunemibandela eyahlukeneyo, kwaye abaqeqeshi bezempilo baphatha imiqathango yempawu ethile kunye neengxaki. Funda ngokubanzi malunga nokuba le miqathango ihluke njani kwaye oko kuthetha ntoni ukuba unokuxhalabisa okanye ukuhlaselwa.
Ulwahlulo lweeNtsholongwane zoKuhlupha kunye nokukhathazeka kwezixhala
Abachwephesha abaphatha ingxaki kunye neengxaki ezixhalabayo zixhomekeke zabo kwiingcaciso ezivela kwincwadi ethi "I-Manual Diagnostic and Statistical of Mental Disorders, umxholo we-5," obizwa ngokuba yi-DSM-5 mfutshane. I-DSM-5 isebenzisa ukuhlaselwa kwesigxina sexesha ukuchaza iimpawu eziphawulekayo ezihambelana nomqathango owaziwa njengengxaki yokuphazamiseka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlaselwa kwesoyiko kungenzeka kwezinye izifo zengqondo.
Igama elithi "ukuhlaselwa ngxhala" alichazwa kwi-DSM-5. Kunoko, ukuxhalabisa kusetshenziselwa ukuchaza inkalo ebalulekileyo yezifo ezininzi ezichongiweyo phantsi kwesihloko esithi, " ukukhathazeka okuxhalabisayo ," "ukuphazamiseka okunyanzelekileyo," kunye neengxaki "ezixinzelelekileyo." Ezinye zeengxaki eziqhelekileyo phantsi kwezi ezintathu zihloko ziquka:
- Ukuphazamiseka kwintlungu
- Agoraphobia ngaphandle kwembali yokuphazamiseka kwengxaki
- I-phobia ecacileyo
- Uxinzelelo lwentlalo
- Ingxaki yokuxhalabisa
- Ukukhathazeka okugqithisileyo (OCD)
- I-post-traumatic disorder stress (PTSD)
- Ingxaki yokuxhalabisa ngokubanzi (GAD)
Ukwahluke phakathi kokuphazamiseka kunye nokuxhalaba kukuchazwe ngokubhekiselele kwimiqathango yempawu kunye nobude bexesha ezibonakalayo iimpawu eziphambili. Iinkcazo ezicacileyo kwi-DSM-5 zikhokela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba ahlalutye kwaye ahlele imeko yakho.
Nazi ezinye zezinto ezisiseko malunga nexhala kunye nokuxhalaba kwi-DSM-5:
Inkqubo yokuhlaselwa
Ngethuba lokuhlaselwa kwesoyiki, iimpawu zenzeke ngokukhawuleza kwaye zikhulu kakhulu. Ezi ziqhamo zivame ukuvela "ngaphandle kwebala elihlaza" ngaphandle kokubonakala ngokukhawuleza, okuvuselela ngokukhawuleza. Iimpawu ezingaphezulu kweemitha ezili-10 uze uhlawule. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlaselwa kwamanye amaxesha kunokuhlala ixesha elide okanye lenzeke ngokulandelelana, okwenze kube nzima ukucacisa xa ukuhlaselwa omnye kuphela kwaye enye iqalisa. Ukulandela ukuhlaselwa, akuqhelekanga ukuba uzive uxinezelekile, ukhathazekile, ngaphandle kweentlobo, okanye "uphendule" intsalela yosuku.
Ngokutsho kwe-DSM-5, ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic kubonakaliswe emine okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Iintliziyo zentliziyo, intliziyo ephazamisayo, okanye iqondo lentliziyo elikhawulezayo
- Ukujuluka okukhulu
- Ukuthuthumela okanye ukuthuthumela
- Ukujonga ukuphefumula , ukuphefumula nokuphefumula
- Uvakalelwa ukukhahlela
- Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukungahambi kakuhle
- Ukukhathazeka okanye isisu esiswini
- Ukuziva uhlaziyiweyo, ukungaqiniseki, ukukhawuleza, okanye ukuphelelwa amandla
- Imvakalelo engabonakaliyo (ukuchithwa kwemisebenzi) okanye ukuxhomekeka kwi-yourself ( ukuxhomekeka komntu )
- Uloyiko lokulahlekelwa ukulawulwa okanye ukuphosa
- Ukoyika ukufa
- Ubungqingili okanye ukuvuthwa kwamanzi (paresthesias)
- Ama-chill okanye ukutshisa okutshisa
Ukuxhalabisa
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuxhalabisa, ngokubanzi, kuqinisa ixesha elide kwaye lixhomekeke kakhulu kwixhala elithile malunga nokuba "yingozi". Iimpawu zokuxhala zifana neempawu zokuhlaselwa kwesoyiki kwaye zingaquka:
- Ukuxhatshazwa kwemizimba
- Ukulala okuphazamisayo
- Unzima ukugxila
- Ukukhathala
- Ukungabi naso
- Ukutshatyalaliswa
- Ukunyuka kwempendulo ye-startle
- Ukongeza kwenani lentliziyo
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- Utywala
Nangona ezinye zezi zimpawu zifana nezona ezininzi iimpawu ezinxulumene nokuhlaselwa kweentlanzi, ngokuqhelekileyo zincinci. Olunye ulwahlulo olubalulekileyo kukuba, ngokungafani nokuhlaselwa kwe-panic, iimpawu zokuxhalaba zinokuthi ziqhubeke kwaye zihlala ixesha elide, iiveki, okanye iinyanga.
Unyango lweeNtshukumo zeNtsundu kunye nokuxhalabisa
Enoba ujongene neentlanzi, ukukhathazeka okuqhubekayo, okanye zombini, unyango olusebenzayo lufumaneka. Ezinye zezona zikhetho zonyango eziqhelekileyo ziquka unyango, imithi enqunyiwe, kunye neendlela zokuzinceda.
Unokwenza isigqibo sokuzama enye okanye nayiphi na inxaxheba yale ndlela.
Unyango lunokukunceda ukuba uhlakulele iindlela zokulawula iimpawu zakho, usebenze ngokudabukisayo kwangaphambili, uzimisele indlela yakho yexesha elizayo, kwaye ufumane umbono ocacileyo oya kubangela ukuba kube nombono okhoyo ngoku. Amachiza anokuncedisa ekunciphiseni iimpawu ezinzima, ngelixa iindlela zokuncedisa ukuzinceda zingakuzuzisa ekusebenzeni ngokusebenzisa ulawulo lweempawu ngexesha lakho.
ILizwi
Ukuxhalabisa nokuphazamiseka kukuphazamisa ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Ingaba uyazifumana okanye ufuna ukuqonda ukuba umhlobo okanye othandekayo uhamba, uyazi ukuba uncedo lukhoyo. Hlola okukhethwa kukho ukuze ufumane ukukhulula.
> Umthombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (Umxholo wesihlanu) . IWashington, DC: Umbutho wama-American Psychiatric; 2013.