Imithi yenye yezona zikhethwa kakhulu kwaye zisebenzayo unyango lweengxaki zentsholongwane, ukuhlaselwa koyika, kunye ne- agoraphobia . Ugqirha wakho angamisela amagqirha ukuba ancede ukunciphisa indlela uhlaselo lwakho olukhulu, ukunciphisa imizwa yakho yokuxhalabisa, kwaye unokunyanga naziphi na iziganeko ezibandakanyekayo , ezifana nokudandatheka.
Iimpawu zengxaki yokuphazamiseka zihlala zihlelwe kwelinye leendidi zibini: izidakamizwa kunye neziyobisi ezichasayo.
Ukuxhatshazwa
Ngethuba lokuqala ekuveliseni ngawo-1950, i-anti-depressants yayisetyenziswa ngokusisiseko ekuphatheni izifo zengqondo, kubandakanywa nokudandatheka kunye ne-bipolar disorder. Nangona kunjalo, kwafumanisa kamva ukuba la mayeza awanceda ukunciphisa uxhalaba, ukunciphisa iimpawu zokwesaba, nokunciphisa ukwanda kweentlanzi . Ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza okuxhatshazwayo ngoku ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ukuphatha izifo ezininzi zokuxhalabisa, kuquka ukuphazamiseka kwesifo kunye ne-agoraphobia.
I-Antidepressants ichaphazela abaposisi beekhemikhali kwingqondo, eyaziwa njenge- neurotransmitters . Kukholelwa ukuba zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezithunywa zeekhemikhali eziqhagamshelana phakathi kweeseli zengqondo.
I-Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (i-SSRIs)
I-Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ekhethiweyo, okanye i-SSRIs nje, yiklasi elithandwayo le-anti-depressants elimiselwe ukunciphisa iimpawu zokuxhalaba nokudandatheka . Eli nyanga lichaphazela i-serotonin, i-neurotransmitter eyenziwa ngokwemvelo kwingqondo.
Umsebenzi we-SSRIs ngokuchaphazela kuphela amazinga ase-serotonin (akhethekileyo) kwaye aphephe ukutyunjwa kwe-serotonin (ukuphindaphinda kwakhona) ngeeseli zesisongela engqondweni. Ngokulinganisa i-serotonin yomntu esebenzayo, ii-SSRI zinako ukunciphisa ukuxhalabisa nokuphucula imizwa.
Izifundo zibonise ukusebenza kwexesha elide le-SRRIs.
Ezi zonyango ziye zafunyanwa ukuba zenze imiphumo emibi engaphantsi , ibe yile mithi yonyango ekhethiweyo yongxaki yokuphazamiseka.
Eziqhelekileyo ii-SSRI ziquka:
I-Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
I-Tricyclic antidepressants, okanye i-TCAs, yayidume kakhulu ekuphatheni izixinzelelo kunye nokukhathazeka kwemizwa phambi kwe-SSRIs. Nangona kunjalo, i-TCAs isisetyenziswa ngonyango olufanelekileyo kubantu abaneengxaki zokuxhalabisa . Njengama-SSRI, i-TCAs isebenza ukuvimba ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwe-chemot messenger serotonin. Ukongezelela, ezininzi ii-TCA ziyakhusela ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwe- norepinephrin , enye i-neurotransmitter kwingqondo edla ngokuxhomekeke kwimpendulo yokulwa noxinzelelo.
IiTCA eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Amitriptyline (Elavil)
- Amoxapine (Asendin)
- Desipramine (i-Norpramin)
- I-Doxepin (i-Adapin, iSinequan)
- Imipramine (eTofranil)
- Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
- IProgulineline (Vivactil)
- Trimipramine (Surmontil)
I-Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
I-Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (i-MAOIs) yenye yezona zakuqala zenziwe i-antidepressants ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga ngokuthe gulisa imiqobo kunye neengxaki zokuxhalabisa. Umsebenzi we-MAOIs ngokuvimbela umsebenzi we-enzyme, i- monoamine oxidase . Le enzyme ibandakanyeka ekuphuleni ama-neurotransmitter njenge-norepinephrin, i-serotonin kunye ne-dopamine.
I-Dopamine inceda ukulawula imisebenzi emininzi, kuquka ukunyakaza, amanqanaba ombane, kunye neemvakalelo zokukhuthaza.
Ngaphandle kokusebenza kwabo, i-MAOIs imiselwe kangangoko ngenxa yeemingcipheko zokutya ezifunekayo xa uthatha kunye nokukwazi ukubandakanyeka kwezidakamizwa ezinokuthi zenzeke xa uthatha i-MAOIs nezinye iyeza.
Ii-MAOI eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- IPhenelzine (Nardil)
- I-Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
- Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
- Selegiline (i-Emsam)
Ulwaphulo lokuxhalabisa
Amachiza okuxhatshazwayo axhatshazwayo anqunywe ngokukhawuleza kokusebenza ngokukhawuleza kweempawu zezoyika. Ezi zonyango zisebenzela ukukhulula inkqubo ye-nervous central , enganciphisa ubunzima bokuhlaselwa kwesoyiko kwaye ibangela umntu ukuba azive ehlazekile.
Ngenxa yempembelelo yabo yokuzincama nokuphucula ngokukhawuleza, amayeza anxamnye nokuxhalabisa aqhelekelelwe ukuba aphathe ingxaki yesifo.
Benzodiazepines
I-Benzodiazepines yinkalo eqhelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo yokuxhatshazwa kwexhala lokuxhalabisa. Eyaziwa ngokuba yimpembelelo yazo, la mayeza angakwazi ukukhawuleza ukunciphisa iimpawu zokuhlaselwa kwe-panic kunye nokunyusa imeko ekhululekile. I-Benzodiazepines yanciphisa inkqubo ye-nervous central ngokujolisa kwi- gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) kwi-brain, ekunciphiseni ukuphumula. Nangona kubekho ingozi kunye nemiphumo emibi yale miyeza, i-benzodiazepines ifumaneke ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ngokufanelekileyo ngophatha ingxaki yesifo.
Ii-benzodiazepines eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Xanax (alprazolam)
- Klonopin (clonazepam)
- Valium (diazepam)
- Ativan (lorazepam)
- Librium (chlordiazepoxide)
Imithombo
Umbutho we-Psychiatric Association (2013). I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities of the Mind, 5th. Washington, DC: Umbhali.
Preston, John D., O'Neal, John H., Talaga, Mary C. (2010). I-Handbook ye-Clinical Psychopharmacology yeTherapist, 6th. U-Oakland, CA: I-New Harbinger Publications.
Silverman, uHarold M. (2012). Incwadi yePilisi. 15. ENew York, NY: Iincwadi zeBantam.