Ngethuba lokuqala ekuveliseni i-1950s, iyeza elinoxinzelelo lusetyenziswe ukunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu zokudandatheka . Nangona kunjalo, uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba izidandlululo ziyakwazi ukuphatha kakuhle iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhathazeka nokukhathazeka. Iintsholongwane zokuxhatshazwayo njengenye yezona zinto ziqhelekileyo unyango lweengxaki zentsholongwane (kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe- agoraphobia ).
Iingxaki zokuxhatshazwayo zithatha njani i-Panic Disorder?
Ama-neurotransmitters amachiza akhulayo ngokwemvelo kwaye anqatshelwe ukuba angalingani kubantu abaneemvakalelo kunye neengxaki zokuxhalabisa .
I-anti-depressants isebenza ngokuchaphazela la ma-neurotransmitter ngendlela enganceda ekunciphiseni ukuxhalabisa nokunciphisa ukunyameka kunye nokunyaniseka kweentlanzi . Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokuxhatshazwa kwentsholongwane zithintela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zama-neurotransmitters.
Amaqela amaninzi amaninzi okuxhatshazwa kweengxaki zokuxhatshazwa zibandakanya:
I-Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (i-SSRIs)
I-serotonin i-reuptake inhibitors , okanye i-SSRIs, ihlobo oluthandwayo lwe-anti-depressant elingasetyenziselwa ukhathaza ingxaki yesifo. I-SSRIs isebenze ukulinganisela i-serotonin, i-neurotransmitter ehambelana nokulawulwa kwemisebenzi emininzi yomzimba, kubandakanywa isimo sengqondo nokulala. Ngokuthintela iingqamuzana zakho zobuchopho ukuba zithinte i-serotonin, i-SSRI inokukunceda ekuphuculeni imizwelo nokunciphisa imizwa yokwesaba nokuxhalabisa.
I-SSRIs yaziswa ngokuqala e-United States kuma-1980 kwaye iqhubeke ihlala yindlela ekhethiweyo yokunyangwa kweengxaki ezininzi zempilo yengqondo.
I-SSRI idla ngokukhethwa ngenxa yokhuseleko, ukuphumelela, kunye nemiphumo engaphantsi kwemibi kunezinye iintlobo ze-anti-depressants.
Ezinye ze-SSRI eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
I-Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
I-Tricyclic antidepressants, okanye ii-TCAs, zavela kuma-1950.
Nangona kungabonakali kangako ukususela kwi-SSRIs, ii-TCAs zisasetyenziselwa ukuphatha ngempumelelo ukukhathazeka nokukhathazeka kwemizwelo. Efana ne-SSRIs, ii-TCAs zisebenza ngokulinganisela amanqanaba e-serotonin. Ii-TCA zichaphazela ne-norepinephrine , i-neurotransmitter edibaniswe nokuqapha kunye nokulwa nokuxilwa kwe -flight-or-flight .
Ezinye iiTCA eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Elavil (amitriptyline)
- Asendin (amoxapine)
- I-Norpramin (desipramine)
- I-Adapin, iSinequan (doxepin)
- ETofranil (imipramine)
- Pamelor (nortriptyline)
- Vivactil (protriptyline)
- Surmontil (trimipramine)
I-Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Okokuqala kufumaneka kuma-1950s, i-monoamine oxidase inhibitors (i-MAOIs) yenye yezona ndlela zokuqala zokuxhatshazwa. Ngenxa yokunciphisa izondlo ezininzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezinobungozi ezinxulumene nama-MAOI, ii-SSRI kunye nee-TCA zidla ngokukhetha. I-MAOI, nangona kunjalo, isacinga ukuba iyasebenza ekuphatheni imeko ehambelana nomoya kunye nexhala.
Njengama-TCA, ii-MAOI zithonya ukufumaneka kwe-serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrine. Ii-MAOI zongezelela ukuzinzisa i- dopamine , i-neurotransmitter edibene nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, njengamanqanaba ombane, ukunyakaza komzimba kunye neemvakalelo zokukhuthaza.
Ezinye ii-MAOI eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Nardil (phenelzine)
- Parnate (tranylcypromine)
- Marplan (isocarboxazid)
- Emsam (selegiline)
Iingxaki zokuxhatshazwa kunye neengozi yokuzibulala
Isilumkiso sakhishwa ngo-2007 yi-United States Yokutya kunye noLawulo lweDrug (FDA) emva kophando lubonise ukudibanisa phakathi kokusetyenziswa kakubi kunye nokubeka ingozi yokuzibulala. I-FDA ilumkise ukuba abantwana, abaselula kunye nabaselula abasenokuba baqala ukuxhatshazwa kweengcinezelo kubaluleke kakhulu engozini yokuzichukumisa ukuzibulala nokuziphatha. Eyaziwa ngokuba yi "bhokisi ebomnyama isilumkiso," i-FDA idinga ukuba zonke izidandlululo zibonise esi sixwayiso ngomyalelo.
Uninzi lwabantu abakwi-antidepressants aluyi kubaleka kulo mngcipheko.
Nangona kunjalo, abantu abatsha nje ngokuqala kwi-anti-depressant kufuneka bahlolisiswe ngokunyamekela ukwanda kwengcinezelo, iingcinga zokuzibulala, kunye naluphi na ukuziphatha okungavamile. Njalo qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ukuba unemibuzo kunye / okanye uxhalaba malunga nesigxina sakho sokumelana nokucindezeleka.
Imithombo:
Dudley, uWilliam. Ukuxhatshazwa. I-San Diego, CA: I-Reference Point Press, ngo-2008.
Silverman, uHarold M. I-Pill Book. 14. ENew York, NY: Amabhuku eBantam, ngo-2010.