Kwinqanaba elincinci elincinane eliphawuliweyo lenye i-Obsmsive-Compulsive and Disorder Disorder (iDSM-5, 300.3; ICD-10, F42) ukuxilongwa kwiNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Distress mentals - iFifth Edition (DSM-5) ukuxoka kweengxaki zokuziphatha ngokuphindaphindiweyo komzimba. Nangona bengabonwanga ngokukodwa kwi-DSM-5, ezi ngxaki zokuziphatha ezingakhohlwayo zingabangela ukuxakeka okukhulu kunye nokukhubazeka okusebenzayo kubomi balabo balwa nabo.
Ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo komzimba (BFRBs) kubandakanya nayiphi na indlela yokuzilungisa yokuziphatha okubandakanya ukubetha, ukudonsa, ukukhetha, okanye ukutsala iinwele, isikhumba, okanye iiphonkco ezenza umonakalo emzimbeni kwaye zidibene nemizamo emininzi yokuyeka okanye ukunciphisa ukuziphatha. Njengezihlobo zabo eziqhelekileyo eziqatshelwa ngokwasemthethweni i-trichotillomania kunye ne-excoriation disorder, i-BFRB ephakanyiswayo ekubalulekeni kwekliniki kufuneka ibangele ukukhathazeka okanye ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi ngamnye wemihla ngemihla kwaye kungabi bhetele kubangelwa yi-disorder disorder disorder okanye ukuziphatha kakubi ukuzibulala.
I-BFRB iquka, kodwa ayikhawulelwanga:
- I-Trichotillomania (inkohliso-o-till-o-mania) - inwele ephindaphindiweyo-ukudonsa, okubangelwa ukulahleka kweenwele. Iinkcukacha zibonisa ukuba i-trichotillomania iyenzeka malunga ne-1% -3% yabemi.
- Ukuxhamla Kwemvakalelo - ukukhethwa kwesikhumba rhoqo, okubangelwa izilonda zesikhumba. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukukhanda kwesikhumba se-pathological influences 1.4% - 5.4% yabantu abadala base-US, abangama-75% abo bafazi.
- I-Onychophagia (ah-ne-ke-fay-ji-a) - ukutshabalaliswa kweminwe okanye iinkozo ngendlela yokubetha. Kulinganiselwa ukuba kwenzeke malunga nama-28% - 45% yabemi, oku kuqhuba kunokubangela iingxaki ezifana nomonakalo obonakalayo kwesikhumba nakwezinzipho, izifo zengqondo, kunye neengxaki zamazinyo eziquka isifo se-periodontal, indawo yokuhlonyelwa, ukuqhuma okanye ukujikeleza kunye nemigudu ye-incisors .
- I-Onychotillomania - (ah-ne-ke-till-o-mania) - ukutshatyalaliswa kweminwe okanye iinkozo ngeendlela zokuthabatha, ukudonsa kunye nokuqhafaza. Nangona iinkcukacha ezincinci zifumanekayo kule ngxaki, kukho iingxelo zengxelo eziye zipapashwe kwiincwadi zonxibelelwano zengqondo nangokwenyama. Iingxaki zale ngxaki zifana ne-onychophagia.
- I-Lip Biting - (lip bite keratosis) - ukubetha okuphindaphindiweyo kwesikhumba somlomo wakho.
- Isihlunu se-Biting - (itekisi keratosis) - ukutshatyalaliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwe-mucosa yomlomo ngokubetha ngamazinyo akho, ngokuquka ukubandakanya ummandla ophakathi, udama oluphakathi. Kuqikelelwe ukuba kwenzeke malunga nama-3% abantu abadala base-US, iingxaki zokubetha komlomo kunye nehlama ukuziphatha okubangela ukulumka, izilonda, kunye nokusuleleka kwezifo zomlomo kunye nophuhliso lwe-keratosis
- Ulwimi Ukuhlaziya - ukuhlafuna okungapheliyo kolwimi, amaninzi amaninzi kolwimi, luyinto eqhelekileyo yomlomo. Iingxaki zendlela yokuziphatha ziquka ubuhlungu kunye nekristatini, i-pigmentation, kunye ne-hyperkeratosis. Nangona kukho ukufunda okuncane ngale ngxaki, kuye kwaphawulwa kwincwadi yezinyo.
Enye yeengxaki ezingaqondakaliyo malunga ne-BFRB yi-psychopathology engundoqo.
Ngokuchasene neencwadi zokuqala ezibhalwa malunga nalezi ziphathamandla ezibonisa ukuba zizenzele ngokwabo, uphando lwangoku lubonisa ukuba alubonakali luhambelana nokuzilimaza ngokuzithandela. Uninzi lwabantu ababandakanyeka kulezi ziphatho basabela kwisithintelo somzimba (ukufana nesithintelo sokumisela ukuziphatha) esithintekayo ngokuziphatha, okanye, bazama ukulungisa, ukulungisa okanye ukuphucula indlela ethile yokuziqonda indawo ekujoliswe kuyo (umz., ukubonakala, ukuvakalelwa kwintsimbi, njl. njl. - umzekelo, ukukhetha isikraba ngenjongo yokukhuthaza ukubonakala okulula kunye nokuphulukisa ngokukhawuleza).
Uninzi lwabantu ababandakanyeka kulezi ziphathamandla azihlose ukuba zenze intlungu okanye zenze ingozi emzimbeni, kodwa kunokuba zikhungatheke ngenxa yesikhumba, iinwele okanye izipikili, okwenza imizamo ephindaphindiweyo yokunciphisa okanye yokuyeka ukuziphatha. Nangona umsebenzi wokuziphatha uhluka, kudla ngokuba namava okanye ukuxhaswa ekulawuleni iimvakalelo okanye inkqubo ye-nervous.
Ulwaphulo olusekelwe kwi-BFRB, njengoko kuboniswe ngophando lwe-trichotillomania kunye ne-Disoriation Disorder, luquka ulwaphulo oluthile lweengqondo-zokuziphatha (CBT) - uqeqesho lokuguqula umkhuba (HRT). I-HRT ibandakanya ukuqeqeshwa kokuqwashisa (okt, ukuzongamela), ukuchongwa kwezixhobo zokuziphatha, ukulawula ukuvuselela (ukuguqula indalo ukunciphisa amathuba okukhetha ukuziphatha), kunye nokuqeqeshwa kokuphendula okukhuphisanayo (ukuchonga indlela yokuziphatha engafaniyo nokukhangela isikhumba). Ukwamkelwa kweeNyango kunye noTywala (Commitment Therapy) (UMTHETHO) kunye neCandelo loLwazi lweZakhono zoLwazi (DBT) noqeqesho lwazo luye lwaboniswa ukuba luncedo njengezicwangciso zokwenza i-HRT.
Ukufundwa okucetywayo
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities Disorders, Uhlobo lwesihlanu. 5. IWashington, DC: Umbutho wama-American Psychiatric; 2013: 251-4.
Delong L. & Burkhart N. "jikelele kunye ne-Oral Pathology ye-Hygienist Doctor." Wesi-2. Lippincott, Williams kunye noWilkins, eBaltimore, ngo-2013.
Isibonelelo, J, Stein, D, Woods, D, & Keuthen, N. (2012). I-Trichotillomania, i-Skin-Picking, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezithintekayo. Ukunyathelisa i-Psychiatric American.