UMary Ainsworth (Disemba 1, 1913-Matshi 21, 1999) wayeyi-psychologist yezophuhliso mhlawumbi eyaziwa kakhulu ngovavanyo lwakhe lweSimo esinqabileyo kunye negalelo kummandla wokuncedisa i-theory. I-Ainsworth ichazwe ngophando lwe-Bowlby malunga nokuqhotyoshelweyo kwaye yaveliswa indlela yokuqwalasela isinamathiselo somntwana kumnakekeli. Ngokusekelwe kuphando lwakhe, waqaphela iindlela ezintathu eziqhotyoshelweyo zokuncedisa abantwana abaza kubazali babo okanye abanakekeli.
Ngomhla wokuhlaziywa kuka-2002 kwiingcali zeengqondo eziphakamileyo zephondo le-20, i-Ainsworth ibalwe njenge-97 ye-psychologyist.
UMary Ainsworth Uyaziwayo
- Uphando malunga nokuqhotyoshelweyo
- Ukuphuhliswa kovavanyo "lweSimo esinqabileyo"
Indlela Ubomi Bakhe Bokuqala Ephefumlela Intshisekelo Yakhe Kwimiqondo Yengqondo
UMary Ainsworth wazalelwa eGlendale Ohio. Xa wayeneminyaka eyi-15, wafunda incwadi kaWilliam McDougall ethi Character and Conduct of Life , eyayiphefumlela intsingiselo yakhe yonke kwizengqondo. Waqhubeka ukuya kwiYunivesithi yaseToronto kwiprogram yengqondo ye-honors. Emva kokufumana i-BA yakhe ngo-1935, uM MA ngo-1936 kunye ne-PhD yakhe ngo-1939, wachitha iminyaka emininzi efundisa kwiYunivesithi yaseToronto ngaphambi kokujoyina i-Canada Women's Army Corp ngo-1942.
Ngo-1950, watshata noLeonard Ainsworth waza wabuyela eLondon. Emva kokubuyela e-US, u-Ainsworth wathatha isikhundla kwiYunivesithi yaseJohn Hopkins.
Waqhawula ngo-1960 waza wafumana unyango oluye lwafaka isandla kumdla we- psychoanalytic theory . Waqala ukufundisa kwiYunivesithi yaseVirginia waza wahlala esikolweni kwintsimi yakhe.
Umsebenzi wakhe kunye noPhando kwiSiqhotyoshelo
Ngethuba lakhe eNgilani, u-Ainsworth wasebenza kwiTivistock Clinic kunye nesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uJohn Bowlby , apho ahlolisise khona izinamathiselo ezisana nabantwana.
Emva kokushiya esi sikhundla, wachitha ixesha eqhuba uphando malunga nokubambisana komama nomntwana e-Uganda.
Emva kokubuyela e-US ukufundisa kuYohn Hopkins, waqala ukusebenza ekudaleni uvavanyo ukulinganisa izinto ezincinci phakathi koomama nabantwana. Yayilapha apho yavelisa uvavanyo lwakhe oluqhankqalaza olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Strange Situation", apho umphandi ubona indlela umntwana ayenzeka ngayo xa umama eshiya umntwana wakhe emfutshane kwindlu engaziwayo. Indlela umntwana aziphatha ngayo ngexesha lokuhlukana kunye nokubuya komama kungabonisa ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nokunamathiselwa.
Ngokusekelwe ekuqwalaselweni kwakhe kunye nophando, u-Ainsworth wenza isigqibo sokuba kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokuqhotyoshelweyo: ukhuselekile, uxhaphazelekile, kwaye unxungupheko. Ukususela ekufunyanweni kokuqala, umsebenzi wakhe uye wabangela izifundo ezininzi ezinokubambisana kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa ezikhoyo phakathi kwabantwana kunye nabanonophelo.
Igalelo lakhe elikhulu kwiNzululwazi
Uphando lukaMary Ainsworth lophando oluthile luye lwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni kwentuthuko yabantwana. Nangona umsebenzi wakhe ungekho ngaphandle kweengxabano zakhe, ukulinganiswa kweendlela zokubambisana kwangaphambili kwintsebenzo ekuthandeni ukuziphatha kwangaphambili, ukuphawula kwakhe kuye kwaphefumlela umzimba omkhulu wocwaningo malunga nokuqhathaniswa kwasebuntwaneni.
> Imithombo:
> Eyona ndawo, uMary Mary D. Salter Ainsworth: Isiko kunye nesimboli. Inkcazo yePsychoanalytic. 1999; 19 (5): 682-736. i-doi: 10.1080 / 07351699909534273
> O'Connell, AN, & Rusoo, NF. Iimodeli zofezekiso: Ukucamngca kwabasetyhini abasemagqabini. ENew York: i-Columbia University Press; 1983.