Iingcamango zokuzimela ngumfanekiso esinawo. Ngaba le fomu yokuzibonakalisa yimiqobo kwaye iguquka njani ixesha? Lo mfanekiso ukhula ngeendlela ezininzi kodwa uchatshazelwa ngokubambisana kwethu nabantu abalulekileyo ebomini bethu.
Indlela I-Self-Concept ichazwe ngayo
Iingcamango zokuzichukumisa ngokuqhelekileyo zicingelwa njengemibono yethu ngabanye malunga nokuziphatha kwethu, ubuchule kunye neempawu ezizodwa.
Ngokuyisimo sengqondo somntu onjani njengomntu. Ngokomzekelo, iinkolelo ezinjengokuthi "Ndingumhlobo olungileyo" okanye "Ndingumntu onomusa" inxalenye yembono yokuzimela.
Iingcamango zokuzichukumisa zivame ukuba zingabonakali xa abantu bebancinci kwaye besenjenjalo kwinkqubo yokuzifumanisa nokuzifumana. Njengabantu abaneminyaka yobudala, ukuqonda ngokwabo kuyacaca ngakumbi kwaye kuququzelelwe njengoko abantu bakha ingcamango engcono yokuba ngubani na kwaye kubaluleke kubo.
Ubuntu bomntu siqukethe iimpawu kunye neempawu zobuntu ezahlula kwabanye abantu (umzekelo, 'u-introverted'), "cacisa" i-Essential Social Psychology "ababhali uRichard Crisp noRhiannon Turner. Ukuzixhamla kuthethwa ngobudlelwane bethu nabanye abantu abalulekayo (umzekelo, 'udade') Ekugqibeleni, ukuzibandakanya kubonakalisa ubulungu bethu kumaqela oluntu (umzekelo, 'iBritish').
Iimpawu ze-Self-Concept
Njengemixholo emininzi yeengqondo, ininzi yeeorists icebise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucinga ngeengcinga zobuqu.
Ngokutsho kwengcamango eyaziwa ngokuba yingcamango yolwazi lwezenhlalakahle, ingcamango yokuzimela iqulethwe ngamacandelo amabini abalulekileyo: ubuni kunye nobuntu bolwazi. Ubunikazi bethu buquka izinto ezinjengobuntu kunye nezinye iimpawu ezenza umntu ngamnye ahluke. Ubunikazi bentlalo luquka amaqela esibawo kubandakanya uluntu lwethu, inkolo, ikholeji kunye namanye amaqela.
Isazi sengqondo uGr. Bruce A. Bracken sicebisa ngo-1992 ukuba kukho imimandla ethile emithandathu enxulumene nombono wobuqu:
- Intlalo: ukukwazi ukusebenzisana nabanye
- Ukhuphiswano: ukukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko
- Ukuchaphazeleka: ukuqonda ngamazwi angokomzwelo
- Umzimba: iimvakalelo malunga neembonakalo, impilo, imeko yomzimba kunye nokubonakala kwayo yonke into
- Izifundo: impumelelo okanye ukuhluleka esikolweni
- Intsapho: ingaba yintoni enye imisebenzi ngaphakathi kwunithi yentsapho
Isazi sengqondo se-Humanist, uCarl Rogers ukholelwa ukuba kukho iindawo ezintathu ezihlukeneyo zengqondo:
- Ukuzimela , okanye indlela ozibona ngayo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuzithobela umqobo akuhambelani nento yokwenene. Abantu banokuba ne-self-image kwaye bakholelwe ukuba bangcono kwizinto kunokuba basenjalo. Ngokwahlukileyo, abantu nabo banelungelo lokuzithiba kunye nokuqonda okanye ukugqithisa iziphoso okanye ubuthathaka.
Ngokomzekelo, inkwenkwe ekhulayo ingakholelwa ukuba iyanqabile kwaye inzima xa ihlala iyintlekazi kwaye ithandwa. Intombazana inokuthi ikholelwe ukuba inzima kakhulu xa iyancipha.
Ukuzimela komntu ngamnye kukuxutyushwa kweemeko ezahlukeneyo kuquka iimpawu zethu zomzimba, iimpawu zobuntu kunye neendima zentlalo.
- Ukuzithemba , okanye ubuninzi bokuzixabisa. Uninzi lwezinto ezinokuchaphazela ukuzithemba, kuquka indlela esizifanisa ngayo nabanye nendlela abanye abasabela ngayo kuthi. Xa abantu besabela ngokuqinisekileyo ekuziphatheni kwethu, sikwazi ukuhlakulela ukuzithemba. Xa siziqhathanisa nabanye kwaye sizithobile, sinokuchaphazela ukuzithemba kwethu.
- Ukuzikhethela, okanye indlela onqwenela ngayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, indlela esizibona ngayo nendlela esifuna ukuzibona ngayo ayifani ngokufanayo.
Ukuqhawula kunye nokungahambi
Njengoko kuthethwe ngaphambili, iinjongo zethu zokuzimela azihlali zilungelelaniswe ngokuqinisekileyo.
Abanye abafundi banokholo lokuba banamabanga kwizifundo, kodwa iincwadi zabo zesikolo zingachaza ibali elithile.
Ngokutsho kukaCarl Rogers, umlinganiselo apho umntu azijonga ngayo into efana neyona nto iyaziwa ngokuba yi-congruence and incongruence. Ngelixa sonke sithatha ukuphazamisa ukunyaniseka kwinqanaba elithile, i-congruence iyenzeka xa iinjongo zengqondo zihambelaniswe kakuhle. Ukungenakwenzeka kwenzeka xa inyaniso ingahambelani neengcamango zethu.
URogers wayekholelwa ukuba ukuziphatha kakubi kweengxaki kubangelwa yizona zingcambu zokuqala. Xa abazali bebeka imimiselo ngothando lwabo kubantwana babo (kuphela ukubonisa uthando ukuba abantwana "bazuze" ngokuziphatha okuthile baze baphile ngendlela abazali bayilindelwe ngayo), abantwana baqala ukuphazamisa iimbali zevavashi ezibavumela ukuba bangafaneleki kubazali babo. uthando.
Uthando olungenangqiqo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lunceda ekukhuliseni i-congruence. Abantwana abanoluthando olunjalo abazivumi ukuba baqhubeke bephazamisa iinkumbulo zabo ukuze bakholelwe ukuba abanye abantu baya kubabathanda baze bawamkele njengabo.
> Imithombo:
> Bracken BA. Umhlahlandlela woMququzeleli we-Multidimensional Self-esteem Scale. UAustin, TX: IP-Ed; 1992.
> Crisp RJ, Turner RN. I-Essential Psychology. London: Sage Publications; 2010.
> Pastorino EE, uDoyle-Portillo SM. Yintoni i-Psychology ?: Izinto ezibalulekileyo. EBelmont, CA: iWadsworth; 2013.
> Rogers CA. Iingcamango zonyango, Ubuntu kunye noBudlelwane boLuntu phakathi koPhuhliso oluCwangcisiweyo. Ku: S Koch, ed. I-Psychology: Isifundo seSayensi. Vol. 3: Ukuqulunqwa koMuntu kunye nomxholo weNtlalo. ENew York: i-McGraw-Hill; 1959.
> Weiten W, iDunn DS, i-Hammer EY. I-Psychology isetyenziswe kuBomi bwanamhlanje: Ulungiso kwiXesha lama-21. EBelmont, CA: iWadsworth; 2014.