Ziziphi Iingxaki Zobunzima?

Ku-Abraham Maslow ulawulo oludumileyo lweemfuno , ukuzakhela ngokuzenzekelayo kufumaneka phezulu kwipiramidi, emele imfuno yokuzalisekisa umntu. Ngokutsho kweMaslow, amava amaninzi athatha indima ebalulekileyo ekuziphenduleleni .

Ukuzimela ngokuqinisekileyo kuthathwa njengengqabile, oko kuthetha ukuba amava okuphambili angalingani.

Akunabo bonke abantu abafikelela kwinqanaba lePiramidi yeMaslow. Kwisifundo esithile, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba malunga neepesenti ezimbini zabantu abaye babhekana nabo babenamava amaninzi.

Iziganeko zePaak azikhawulelwanga kuphela kubantu abazimeleyo, nangona kunjalo. UMaslow wayekholelwa ukuba bonke abantu banako ukufumana le mizuzu, kodwa naye wayevakalelwa kukuba abantu abanokuzibonela nabo babezifumana rhoqo.

Iingcali Zeengqondo Zichaza Njani Iimbono Zobunzima?

Iziganeko zePaak zidla ngokuchazwa njengexesha elidlulileyo lovuyo olusisiseko. Ezi zihlandlo ezivela kwiziganeko zemihla ngemihla. Inkumbulo yeziganeko ezinjalo zihlala njalo kwaye abantu bahlala bezifanisa namava okomoya.

Ezinye iingcali zichaza amava okuphambili ngeendlela ezilandelayo:

Amava okuba neentlanzi zibandakanya umqondo ophakamileyo wokumangalisa, ukwesaba, okanye ukunyamekela ngamava. "
(Privette, "Ukuchaza izihlandlo zokuzenzekelayo: Ukusebenza kwepondo kunye namava okuphambili," 2001)

"... amava axabisekileyo kakhulu abonakaliswe ngongoma obunzulu bokujonga, ubunzulu bovakalelo, okanye ukuqonda okubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kubangele ukuba kuvelele, kwingqondo yomxholo, ngokugqithiseleyo okanye kuncinci ukuxhatshazwa kumava alunge ngexesha kunye nendawo. "
(Leach, "Iinjongo kunye neCorrelates ye-Peak Experience," 1962)

Iimpawu zeengxaki eziphambili

I-Privette (2001) yavelisa i-Questionnaire ye-Experience eyenzelwe ukujonga kwizinto ezibini ezikwabelwana kunye nezizodwa zezinto eziphakamileyo. Emva kokujonga abantu abahlukahlukeneyo, iziganeko eziphakamileyo ziye zachongwa njengokwabelana ngezinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo:

1. Ukubaluleka: Iimeko eziphambili zikhokelela ekunyuseni kolwazi lomntu kunye nokuqonda kwaye kunokusebenza njengenguqu ebomini bomntu.
2. Ukuzaliseka: Iimeko eziphambili zivelisa iimvakalelo ezintle kwaye zivuyisa ngokwabo.
3. Ngokomoya: Ngethuba lobunzima, abantu baziva bekunye kunye nehlabathi kwaye bahlala bevalelwa ukulahlekelwa ixesha.

Ziyaphi Iimeko Ezibuhlungu?

UMaslow uphakamise ukuba enye yezona ndlela ezifanelekileyo zokucinga ngeziganeko eziphambili zicinga ukufumana amava amahle kakhulu ebomini bakho. Ezi zihlandlo zovuyo kwaye zizalise kwaye zenze uvuyo. Ukuthandana ngumzekelo omnye wobukhulu bentlalo. Ezi zihlandlo zinokuthi zenzeke xa usesikhathini sokudala okanye xa ufunda incwadi okanye ulalele i-movie. Unokuvakalelwa kukuba "uhlaselwa" ngumsebenzi othile wokudala ngendlela ehlaba umxhelo wecala ngaphakathi kwakho.

Olunye uphando, abantu babika ukuba amava amaninzi ayenzeka ukuba avele ngexesha lobugcisa, amabala okanye amava.

Amaxesha kwindalo okanye ngexesha elifutshane kunye nosapho okanye abahlobo nabo baqhelekile. Ukufezekisa injongo ebalulekileyo, nokuba ngumntu okanye umntu odibeneyo, unokukhokelela kwiphondo eliphambili. Amanye amaxesha apho amava anjalo angenzeka xa kubandakanya umntu xa encedisa omnye umntu osweleyo okanye emva kokunciphisa uhlobo lobunzima.

Ziyintoni Iveki Yeyona Ntlungu?

Ngoko yintoni ngokwenene uvakalelwa ukuba unomdla ophezulu? Abanye bachaza ezi zihlandlo njengento yokwesaba, zibuze kwaye zikumangalise. Cinga ngentswelo yokwenza uloyiko unokuziva xa ukhangele ukushona kwelanga okanye uvuyo onokukufumana ngexesha lokugqibela lomdlalo webhokisi webhola.

Iimbono zePaak kunye nokuPhuma

Iimeko eziphambili zithwele ukufana okungafaniyo kwimiba eyaziwa ngokuba yi- flow flowist echazwe ngu-psychologist, uMihaly Csikszentmihalyi . Ukuhamba ngummandla wengqondo ngexesha apho abantu bebandakanyeka kulo msebenzi obonakala ngathi umhlaba uphela kwaye akukho nto ibonakala ibalulekile. Xa kwimeko yokuhamba, amaxesha abonakala ngathi aphephe, ugxininiso luba lubukhali kwaye abantu bafumana ukulahlekelwa kobuqu.

Umngcipheko unokwenzeka xa umntu efumana amava, kodwa akusoloko zonke iziganeko zokuhamba zifanelekile njengamava. Izihlandlo zemihla ngemihla ezifana nokugxininiswa kwincwadi enomdla, ukusebenza kwiprojekthi eyanelisayo, okanye ukuzonwabisa ngomdlalo wamaspala we-basketball inakho konke okukhokelela kummandla wokugeleza, kodwa ezi zihlandlo azinjalo nje ngamava.

_Iingxelo

_{Leach, D. (1962). Iintetho kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwamava. Ukufundwa kwegqirha, kwiYunivesithi yaseFlorida.}

_{Maslow, AH (1962). Kuye kwengqondo yengqondo. I-Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.}

_{UPolyson, J. (1985). Amava aphezulu abafundi: Umsebenzi obhaliweyo. Ukufundisa ngeengqondo, 12, 211-213.}

_{Privette, G. (2001). Ukuchaza izihlandlo zokuzenzekelayo: Ukusebenza kwePeak kunye namava aphezulu, ku-KJ Schneider, JFT Bugental, kunye noJF Pierson (Eds.). I-Handbook ye-Humanistic Psychology , 161-180.}

_{UTomas, LE, no-Cooper, PE (1980). Isiganeko kunye nama-correlate engqondo engamava okomoya. Umbhalo we-Transpersonal Psychology, 12 , 75-85.}