Ukuphonononga uxhulumano lwezempilo ngokomoya
Kususela ekupheleni kwee-1990, kukho ukuqhuma kwimiba yezifundo ezazinikele ekuhloliseni indima yokuba ukomoya kunye nenkolo inempilo. Phakathi ko-2001 no-2010, inani lophando lophando oluhlolisisa uxhulumano lwezempilo ngokomoya ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini, ukusuka ku-1200 ukuya ku-3000.
Uphuculwe kwi-pharmacology yisona sizathu esikhulu sokutshintsha.
Ngenxa yokuba sele sinezibonelelo ezininzi zonyango esilaphayo, kunomdla ngakumbi ekuhloliseni indima yenkolo kunye nokomoya kwimpilo.
Nangona ukwanda kwenzalo, nangona kunjalo, ulwalamano phakathi kwekolo / ngokomoya kunye nempilo luhlala lubuhlungu kwaye lukhuni ukuhlolisisa. Imvakalelo yabantu, ukuziphatha, kunye neenkolelo zi-nonlinear, complex and adaptive. Iindlela ezilandelelanayo ezikhoyo, ezisetyenziswayo ngoku kuhlola ukuxhomekeka kwezinto zokomoya, azizona zixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokucima ukuqonda kwesi sihloko esinzima.
Nangona kunjalo, iinjongo zamakhulu zibonise ukulungelelanisa okulungileyo phakathi kweenkolelo / ngokomoya kunye nempilo. Masiqwalasele ngokuthe ngqo ezinye zeengxaki eziyinkimbinkimbi ezijikeleze le khowudi.
Iinkcazo
Ngaphambi kokuba sijonge imibutho, kubalulekile ukuchaza imigaqo "inkolo" kunye "nokomoya."
Kwinqaku lokuhlaziywa ka-2015 elibizwa ngokuthi "Unqulo, Umoya, Nempilo: Ukuhlaziya nokuhlaziya," uKoenig wachaza inkolo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Inkolo ibandakanya iinkolelo kunye nezenzo ezinxulumene nabaDlulileyo. Kwizithethe zaseNtshona, i-Transcendent ingabizwa ngokuba nguThixo, Allah, HaShem, okanye uMmandla oPhezulu, kunye nasezikolweni zaseMpuma, oTshintsheyo unokuthiwa nguVishnu, Nkosi Krishnan, uBuddha, okanye u-Ultimate Reality. Iinkolo zihlala ziphethe imithetho yokukhokela ukuziphatha emhlabeni kunye neemfundiso malunga nobomi emva kokufa. Inkolo ivame ukulungiswa njengommandla kodwa ingaba khona ngaphandle kweziko kwaye inokwenziwa yedwa okanye ngasese.
Kwangexesha elide, bekucingelwa ukuba ukomoya kwakuyinxalenye yokwenyaniso. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abanokomoya abahambelani kwimfundiso yonqulo. Ngaloo ndlela, intsingiselo yokomoya ishintshile. Kwakhona, ngo Koenig:
Umoya, nangona kunjalo, uye waba lukhulu ngokubanzi, kubandakanywa nje kuphela abo bantu banqulo olukhuselekileyo, kodwa nabo bangenayo inkolo yonqulo kunye nabangenayo inkolo nantoni (oko kukuthi, abantu basemhlabeni). Enyanisweni, ukuthanda ngokomoya kuye kwacaca ngokuzichaza kwaye kuya kuthetha ukuba nantoni na into umntu ofuna ukuba ithetha ngayo.
Ingqalelo, abantu behlabathi baqikelela ukuba babantu abangenabo amandla aphezulu kwaye kunoko bajolise kwizinto zokuziqonda, uluntu kunye nesayensi.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, uphando lwezinto zokomoya lubonisa ukuba, okwenyaniso, ininzi yomoya inxalenye yendalo yoluntu kwaye ibandakanya ukuxhamla kwabanye. Inceda abantu ukuba bavelele kwaye banakekele abo bajikelezayo. Ngexesha lokugula, ukomoya kunokuncedisa ngokuphucula ngokuzimela nokuvumela ukukhula ngaphaya kwemida yokugula.
KwisiKliniki
Oogqirha banemibono eyahlukileyo yokomoya kunokugulisa izigulane. Oku kungabangela ukuba kunzima ukuba iiklinikhi zibandakanye ngokomoya ekunyamekeleni.
Nangona zombini oogqirha kunye nezigulana zibonisa ukuqonda okufanayo intsingiselo yokomoya, indima yokomoya ekubuyiseni ukugula ibukelwa ngokwahlukileyo. Cinga ngendinyana elandelayo ukusuka kwisifundo se-2016 esashicilelwe kwi- BMC Psychiatry .
Abaxhasi [izigulane] bajonge ukuxhamla abanye kunye nenkolo njengemithombo yokuzaliseka kweemfuno zabo zangaphakathi zothando, ukunakekelwa kunye nokwamkelwa. Abanye babo bazijonga njengababoneleli abanokusebenzisa amava abo ukuze bancede abanye. Abaqeqeshi [ababoneleli bezempilo], ngakolunye uhlangothi, bajonga ezi zixhumo njengento esebenzayo, okokuba abathengi banokufumana inkxaso yentlalo kwabanye, nto leyo inokukunceda ukuzinzisa iingqondo neempawu zabo.
Kwiimpawu zesikliniki, ixesha lokuziphatha ngokomoya likhetha ukwenkolo ngenxa yokuba isiguli singachaza ngokomoya ngendlela ebonisa ukuqonda. Umoya usebenza njenge-catch-all for various worldviews. Nangona kunjalo, kwizifundo zeklinikhi, ubunzima bezinto ezingokomoya zilukhuni; ngelixa kukho ukucaca ngakumbi kwiinkcukacha zonqulo. Emva kwakho konke, izinto ezifana nomthandazo, ukuya kwiinkonzo zonqulo, njalonjalo ziyakunikwa.
Ukuze kube lula kunye nokucaca, kweli nqaku, siza kusebenzisa isigama esichasene neCoenig: inkolo / ngokomoya.
Iimpawu Ezilungileyo
Kuhlolisiso lwakhe lweencwadi, uKoenig ushicilele indlela yena kunye neqela lakhe baphonononga ngayo izifundo ezingama-3300 ezipapashwe ngaphambi ko-2010 ukukhetha imibutho phakathi kwezempilo kunye nenkolo / ngokomoya. Ucwaningo lukaKoenig lubanzi kwaye lubandakanya ingqondo, intlalo, ukuziphatha, kunye nempilo yomzimba.
Itheyibhile elandelayo ibonisa iziphumo ezivela kwizifundo zokuqwalasela i-Koenig ezithathwa njengezinga eliphezulu: izifundo ezinobulungelelwano olululo ngokweenzululwazi, iindlela, amanyathelo, uhlalutyo lwamanani kunye nokutolika.
| Isimo | Inani leZifundo kunye neeNxulumano ezintle |
|---|---|
| Ukuphuculwa kweNtlalo | 82% |
| Iinjongo ezingcono kunye nenjongo | 100% |
| Ukuzithemba ngokwengeziwe | 68% |
| Ithemba elongeziweyo | 50% |
| Ukwenyuka kobutyebi | 73% |
| Ukuxhalabisa | 57% |
| Ukuzibulala | 80% |
| Ukunciphisa Ukunciphisa | 67% |
| UkuNyuka koTywala | 90% |
| Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi | 86% |
| Ukuzivocavoca | 76% |
| Ukutya okuphuculweyo | 70% |
| Ukunciphisa iCholesterol | 56% |
| Ukutshaya iCigarette ekunciphiseni | 90% |
| Uphucula kwiiCoronary Disease | 69% |
| Ukunciphisa Ukufa | 66% |
| Ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kweeMpilo | 69% |
Ukongeza kokujonga iipapasho ezishicilelwe ngaphambi ko-2010, uKoenig ubukele imibutho phakathi kweenkolelo / ngokomoya kunye nempilo kwiphando lwakutshanje.
Ukuxinezeleka
Kwisifundo kwi-University of Columbia, izifo zengqondo zengqondo zasebenzisa i-MRI yokwenza uhlolisiso lwabathathi-nxaxheba abasengozini enkulu yokudandatheka. Ngaphambili, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa uxinzelelo wawungaphantsi kweepesenti kubantu abangabalulekanga. Apha bafumanisa ukuba iindawo ezininzi ze-cortex (ezijongene nomsebenzi ophezulu weengqondo) ziqulethe zombini i-hemispheres zincinci kubathathi-nxaxheba abasengozini yokudandatheka. Nangona kunjalo, abantu ababenokwenkolo / okomoya babonakalisa ukucuthwa kwe-cortical encinane.
Nangona esi sifundo asizange sikhombise ukuba inkolo / ngokomoya kubangele ukucuthwa kwezinto ezincinci, abaphandi bacetyisa ukuba unqulo / ukomoya lwanceda ukukhusela ekudakaleni.
Ukuzibulala
Olunye uphando lwafumanisa ukuba abantu abadala abangama-20,014 balandelwa iminyaka eyi-15, ingozi yokuzibulala yayingaphantsi kwama-94 ekhulwini kwabathathi-nxaxheba abaya kwiinkonzo zonqulo okungenani ngamaxesha angama-24 ngonyaka xa kuthelekiswa nalabo babeye kwiinkonzo ezincinci rhoqo. Abaphandi bacinga ukuba ukuya rhoqo kwiinkonzo zonqulo kunokukhusela ukuzibulala kwixesha elide.
Ukuxhalabisa
Ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lwe-Baylor Religion Survey ka-2010, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba phakathi kwabangu-1511 abaphenduliweyo, abo banomnqophiso okhuselekileyo kuThixo ababenomthandazo babeneempawu ezincinci zokuxhalabisa. Kulabo abanamathelekileyo kuThixo, umthandazo wadibana nenani elikhulu leempawu zokuxhalabisa. Oku kufunyaniswa kukuxhaswa nezinye iincwadi ezininzi.
Icystic fibrosis
Kwiqela elincinci labantwana abangama-46 abanesifo se-cystic fibrosis esasilandelwa iminyaka emihlanu, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba amanqanaba aphakamileyo okwenzeni unqulo olufanelekileyo, njengemihlangano yokuthandaza kunye nokuya kwiiklasi zentsha, zahlanganiswa nokuhla kwehla kwinqanaba lokutya, ukuhla kwehla kumsebenzi wamaphaphu, kwaye iintsuku ezimbalwa ezichithwa esibhedlele ngonyaka. Ngokukodwa, abantu abanamaqondo aphakamileyo okwenzelana nokunyaniseka kwenkolo basebenzise umyinge weentsuku ezintathu ngosuku esibhedlele xa kuthelekiswa neentsuku eziyi-125 ngamnye ngonyaka abo banamaxabiso aphantsi okuxhatshazwa ngokwenkolo.
Kubonakala ukuba, ukuxhaswa kwezenzo ezintle kunokwenza inkxaso kunye nokukhuselwa nokuxinezeleka nokuxinezeleka. Ukongezelela, abatsha abaye bathatha inxaxheba kwimicimbi yonqulo / yokomoya babekho amathuba okuba bathathe inxaxheba kwimpilo emihle kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenkonzo zonyango ngokufanelekileyo.
HIV
Abaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseMiami balandela abantu abane-HIV iminyaka emibili kwaye bavavanya ukunyuka kwe-HIV ngokulinganisa amanqanaba egazini egazini. Abaphandi bajonga ukunyuka komthwalo wentsholongwane emva kokufa komntu othandekayo (oko kukuthi, ukutshatyalaliswa) okanye umtshato. Bafumanise ukuba ukwandiswa kwenkolo / ngokomoya kwakulindeleke ukunyuka okuncinci kumthwalo wentsholongwane ukusuka kwisiseko emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu. Ingqalelo, abaphandi balawulwa ngamachiza e-antiretroviral kunye nomthamo we-viral load.
Ngamanye amagama, kwiimeko apho bonke abanye babalingana khona, abathathi-nxaxheba abane-HIV abanamalungu enkolo / okomoya abancinci banokunyuka kwindleko yentsholongwane-kubonisa ukunyuka kwengcinezelo ye-HIV-emva kokuxinzeleleka kweengxaki kunokuphila kwabo bangenayo inkolo / yokomoya .
ICU Care
Izifundo eziliqela zakutshanje zihlolisise iimfuno zokomoya zalabo abajongene nezifo ezinzulu okanye eziphelileyo. Ngokukodwa, kwisifundo se-2014 esashicilelwe kwiMicrotherapy Care Critical Care, uJohnson kunye nabalingane bakhe bafumanisa ukuba phakathi kwamalungu omndeni angama-275, imisebenzi yokhathalela ngokomoya kunye nenani elikhulu leengxoxo kunye nabafundi bezandla zenza ukuba ukwaneliseka kwentsapho kunye nokwaneliseka kwe-ICU kunye nokwaneliseka kwentsapho kunye nesigqibo esipheleleyo ukwenza.
Kwinqaku edibeneyo, abaphandi be-oncology kwi-Dana-Farber Cancer Institute bafumene ukuba abaqeqeshi nabaqeqeshi bezempilo bawa futshane ekujonganeni neemfuno zokomoya zezigulane zomhlaza-ingakumbi abo abanomhlaza wokuphela. Ngokubanzi, ukunqongophala kokukhathalela ngokomoya kwaxhomekeke ekunyuseni kwongenelelo lokuphila ngexesha lokugqibela kwiveki yokuphila, okuphelisa ukuxabisa amaxesha amabini anesithathu xa kuthelekiswa nezi gulane ezifunyenwe zidingo zabo zokomoya.
Uphuhliso loPhando
Uncwadi luvuthiwe kunye neziphumo ezibophezela inkolo / ukomoya ukuze kube nempilo engcono. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sifaneleke ukufumana ezi ziphumo ezintle ngokubaluleka okubonakalayo kwezi zifundo. Ngokunjalo, ibangela-okanye ibango lokuba inkolo / ngokomoya kubangele ngqo kwimpilo engcono-ayikho nto.
Ngokomzekelo, amanqaku ophando abonise ukuba ukuya kwiinkonzo zonqulo kuhambelana nexesha eliphantsi lokudandatheka . Abanye bathatha oku kufunyaniswa ukuba inkolo ikhusela ukuxinezeleka. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba abantu abaxinezelekileyo bayeka ukuya kwiinkonzo zonqulo ngokupheleleyo. Izifundo ezininzi ezenza ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kokunyuka kwiinkonzo zonqulo kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo kungabikho idatha engapheliyo kunye nemilinganiselo enamandla yokubakho kwenkonzo kunye nokudandatheka ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokuseka naluphi na ulwalathiso lwento. Okubaluleke kakhulu, idatha enqamlezileyo, okanye idatha ethathwe kwinqanaba elinye ngexesha, alinamsebenzi ukuseka imeko.
IiNtshukumo zeeNgcali
Ngoko sisebenzisa njani le datha? Zingaphambi kokuqala kwaye zingaluncedo ukuba ugqirha ucebise isigulane kwixabiso lenkolo / ngokomoya ekuvuseleleni ukugula. Ukuba isigulane asimkeli inkolo / ngokomoya, iingcebiso malunga nesihloko ziya kuba zingamkelekanga kwaye azifanelekanga. Naluphi na ukubandakanywa kwenkolo / ngokomoya kwipilisi kufuneka kube kukugqithwa kwesigulane kwaye ubonakalise imilinganiselo yesigulane kunye nokufumana unyango. Kunoko, ubudlelwane phakathi kweenkolelo / ngokomoya kunye nempilo kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi ukuzisa ulwazi lwekliniki.
Nazi ezinye iindlela ezinokwenzeka ukuba oogqirha bangakwazi ukubandakanya unqulo / ukomoya kwizenzo zabo zonyango.
- Oogqirha bangabandakanya ukusetyenziswa kovavanyo lwezenkolo kunye nolwasemoyeni kwintetho yesigulane. Ingqalelo, izixhobo ezininzi zokuxilonga, njenge-SPIRITual History, FAITH, HOPE, kunye neKholeji yaseRoyal yezixhobo zengqondo, ziye zaphuhliswa kule njongo ecacileyo. Xa uthatha imbali yenkolo okanye yokomoya, oogqirha kufuneka bathabathe ingxolo kunye nokunyaniseka kwendlela yokuthetha.
- Xa sele zichongiwe ngugqirha, imiba yokuxhalabisa komoya okanye ubunzima bezenkolo kunokuthunyelwa kumcebisi onqulo ofanelekileyo, umcebisi ngokomoya, umntu wobufundisi, okanye inkokheli yenkolo.
- Kwalabo abathobelayo, iingqondo zengqondo ezibandakanya unqulo / ukomoya kunokunceda. Ngokomzekelo, unyango lwe- Christian- cognitive-behavior uye lwaboniswa ukuba lusebenza ngakumbi kunezo ziqhelekileyo unyango-ukuziphatha kwezo zi gulane ezithandwayo. Ukongezelela, i-Psychotherapy esekelwe kwiSulumane iye yaboniswa ukuba inzuzo kwizigulana zaseSilamsi ezixhatshazwayo, ukuxinezeleka kunye nokuxhalabisa. Izigulana ezingokomoya kodwa ezingenayo inkolo, ukungenelela kwengqondo kunokuzuza.
- Oogqirha banokuthobela ngakumbi izigulane xa ezi gulane zivakalisa umdla kwinkolo / ngokomoya ngexesha lokufumana ukugula. Ngokomzekelo, izigulane ezinokonakala kwengqondo zingaba nengxaki ngokuxoxa ngeengcamango ezingabonakaliyo. Nangona kunjalo, ababoneleli bezempilo kufuneka balwele ukuqonda iimfuno zesigulane nangona ezi zidingo zingenakucacisa ngakumbi.
- Oogqirha kufuneka baphambuke kwindlela yokuba unqulo / ukomoya lusetyenziswe "ukulungisa" iimpawu kunye nokulungisa ubuthathaka. Kunoko, oogqirha kufuneka baqonde ukuba izigulane ezingokomoya / zonqulo zifuna ukunceda abanye kwaye zifuna ukunikela. Ngenxa yoko, oogqirha banako ukufumana amandla kunye nekhono ekujoliswe kuzo ekuphatheni izigulane. Ngamanye amazwi, ugqirha unokunceda isigulane siqonde indlela unqulo / ukomoya obungasetyenziswa ngayo ukunceda abanye. Mhlawumbi iinzuzo zonqulo / ngokomoya malunga nempilo zijikelezayo kwaye zivela kwi-generousity of character. Ngaphezu koko, xa izigulane zifumana indlela yokuncedisa inkolo / ngokomoya, ukuqonda kwabo ukuxhamla nabanye kubanda.
> Imithombo:
> Ho, RTH, et al. Ukuqonda ngokomoya kunye nendima yayo ekubuyiseleni ukugula kubantu abane-schizophrenia kunye neengcali zempilo yengqondo: uphando olulungileyo. BMC Psychiatry. 2016; 16: 86.
> Koenig, HG. Inkolo, Ukomoya, kunye neMpilo: Ukuhlaziywa nokuhlaziywa. Intuthuko yeNgqondo-Amachiza oMzimba. 2015; 29: 19-26.
> VanderWeele, TJ, et al. I-Psychiatry Social and Epidemiology. 2016; 51: 1457-1466.
> Weber SR, Pargament, KI. Indima yenkolo kunye nokomoya kwimpilo yengqondo. I-Opinion yangoku kwi-Psychiatry. 2014; 27: 358-63.