U-Alfred Binet wayengumgqirha weengqondo waseFransi okhunjulwayo ngokuphuhlisa uvavanyo lokuqala lokusetyenziswa kweengqondo. Uvavanyo lwavela emva kokuba urhulumente waseFransi amisele uBinet ukuba aphucule isicatshulwa esichaza abantwana bezikolweni abafuna iimfuno zokulungisa. Ngomnye umlingani wakhe uTheodore Simon, bakha iBinet-Simon Intelligence Scale.
U-Lewis Terman kamva wahlaziya i-scale kwaye wayimisa ukuvavanya ngezifundo ezathathwa kwiSampula yaseMerika kwaye uvavanyo lwaziwa ngokuba yiStanford-Binet Intelligence Scales. Uvavanyo lusetyenziswa nanamhlanje kwaye luhlala lulunye lweemvavanyo ezisetyenzisiweyo kakhulu.
Eyaziwa kakhulu
- I-Simon-Binet Intelligence Scale
- Uvavanyo lweStanford-Binet IQ
Ubomi bokuqala bo-Alfred Binet
U-Alfred Binet wazalelwa u- Alfredo Binetti ngoJulayi 8, 1857 e-Nice, eFransi. Uyise, ugqirha, nonina, umculi, oqhawule umtshato xa eselula kwaye uBinet wabuyela eParis kunye nonina.
Emva kokuphumelela kwisikolo somthetho ngo-1878, uBinet wayecwangcise ukuba alandele ezinyathelweni zikayise aze abhalise kwisikolo sezonyango. Waqala ukufunda isayensi eS Sorbonne kodwa ngokukhawuleza waqala ukufundisa kwiengqondo ngokufunda imisebenzi ngabantu abanjengoCharles Darwin noJohn Stuart Mill.
Umsebenzi we-Alfred Binet
UBinet waqala ukusebenza kwiSibhedlele saseSalpêtriere eParis phantsi kolawulo lukaJohn-Martin Charcot.
Emva koko, wathuthela kwisikhundla kwiLebhu yeScience Psychology apho wayengumlawuli kunye nomphandi onxulumene naye. Ngo-1894, iBinet yamiselwa ngumlawuli webhu kwaye wahlala kule ndawo de wafa ngo-1911.
Ukuxhaswa kweBinet kwangaphambili kweCharcot yophando nge- hypnotism kwabangela ukuthotywa kobugcisa xa iingcamango zikaCharcot zithathwa ngokuphononongwa kobunzulu besayensi.
Ngokukhawuleza waphendukela ekuthandweni kwenkqubo yophuhliso kunye nobunzulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusekela uphando lwakhe malunga neentombi zakhe ezimbini.
Nangona iinjongo zika-Alfred Binet zazininzi kwaye zahluke kakhulu, unolwazi oludumeleyo ngomsebenzi wakhe ngesihloko sengqondo . I-Binet yacelwa nguRhulumente waseFransi ukuphuhlisa uvavanyo ukuchonga abafundi abaneziphene zokufunda okanye abafuna uncedo olulodwa esikolweni.
Uvavanyo lweNkcukacha zeBinet
I-Binet kunye no-Theodore Simon baqulunqa uluhlu lweemvavanyo ezilungiselelwe ukuvavanya iingqondo. Esikhundleni sokugxila kwingcaciso efunyenweyo njengemathematika nokufunda, uBinet esikhundleni sakhe wagxininisa kwamanye amakhono engqondo njengengqwalasela kunye nenkumbulo. Isilinganisi esaye saziwa saziwa ngokuba yi-Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale.
Olu vavanyo lwaphinde lwahlaziywa ngu-psychologist Lewis Terman waza waziwa ngokuba yiStanford-Binet. Nangona injongo yokuqala yaseBinet yayiwukuba usebenzise uvavanyo ukuchonga abantwana abafuna uncedo olongezelelweyo lwezemfundo, uvavanyo lwaba luza kuba yindlela yokuchonga abo "abathintekayo" ngengcambu ye-eugenics. I-Eugenics yayiyinkolelo yokuba uluntu lwabantu luya kuphuculiswa ngokobugqwetha ngokulawula umntu ovunyelwe ukuba nabantwana.
Ngokwenza oku, i-eugenicists ikholelwa ukuba ingavelisa iimpawu ezinqwenela njengefa.
Olu tshintsho kwindlela uvavanyo lwalusetyenziswe ngayo kubonakala ukuba uBinet ngokwakhe wayekholelwa ukuba uvavanyo lwengqondo olwenzile lwalunomda. Wayekholelwa ukuba ubunzima bobunzima kwaye bezingenakuthathwa ngokupheleleyo ngokulinganayo. Kwakhona wayekholelwa ukuba ingqiqo ayizange ifakwe. Mhlawumbi kubaluleke kakhulu, i-Binet nayo ivakalelwa kukuba ezinjalo iinkqubo zengqondo azizange zenzeke rhoqo kwaye zingasebenza kuphela kubantwana abanemvelaphi kunye namava afanayo.
Igalelo lika-Alfred Binet kwi-Psychology
Namhlanje, u-Alfred Binet udlalwa njengenye yeengcali zengqondo kwiimpembelelo.
Nangona isixa sakhe seengqondo sisebenza njengesiseko seemvavanyo zengqondo zanamhlanje, uBinet ngokwakhe akazange akholwe ukuba uvavanyo lwakhe lulinganisa isigxina esingasigxina okanye esinezifo zobunkokheli. Ngokutsho kweBinet, amanqaku omntu angahluka. Kwakhona waphakamisa ukuba izinto ezifana nokukhuthazwa kunye nezinye iinguqu zinokudlala indima kumanqaku okuvavanya.
Iincwadi ezikhethiweyo
- Binet, A. (1916). Iindlela ezintsha zokuxilongwa kwinqanaba leengqondo. Kwi-ES Kite (iTrans.), Ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo kubantwana. Vineland, NJ: Ushicilelo lweSikolo soQeqesho kuVineland. (Epapashwe ngo-1905 e -L'Année Psychologique , 12, 191-244.).
- Binet. A., & Simon, T. (1916). Ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo kubantwana . Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins. (Yanyatheliswa ngo-1973, i-New York: i-Arno Press; ngo-1983, i-Salem, i-NH: i-Ayer Inkampani).
Ngamazwi akhe aKodwa
"Abanye abafilosofi basandul 'ukubonakala baye bavuma ukuziphatha kwabo ngokuqinisekileyo okuqinisekileyo ukuba baqinisekisa ukuba ubunzima bomntu buninzi obunokuthi buyongezwe. ukuba kusekelwe nantoni. " - Alfred Binet, Les idees modernes sur les enfants , 1909
> Imithombo:
> Ukuqhafaza, uR & Rutherford, A. AbaPhayona beNzululwazi. ENew York: WW Norton; 2016.
> Fancher, RE. Alfred Binet. Iimpawu zoovulindlela kwi-Psychology, uMqulu 3. GA Kimble & M Wertheimer (Eds.). IWashington DC: I-Psychology Press; 2014.