UJean Piaget wayengumsizi wezengqondo waseSwitzerland kunye nomdlavuza wezofuzo. Uyaziwa kakhulu ngeengcamango zakhe zokuphuhliswa kwengqondo ekhangele indlela abantwana bahlakulela ngayo ngengqondo kulo lonke ixesha lobuncinci. Ngaphambi kweengcamango zikaPiaget, abantwana babevame ukucingwa nje ngokuba ngabantu abadala. Kunoko, uPiaget wacetyisa ukuba indlela abantwana becinga ngayo ihluke ngokusuka kwindlela abantu abacinga ngayo.
Iingcamango zakhe zaba nempembelelo enkulu ekuveleni kwengqondo yezophuhliso njengengingqi ehlukeneyo yengqondo kunye negalelo elikhulu kummandla wemfundo. Kwakhona ubizwa ngokuba nguvulindlela we-constructivist theory, ebonisa ukuba abantu bayakha ngolwazi lwabo lwehlabathi ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kweengcamango zabo namava abo.
U-Piaget wayebekwa njengowesibini weengqondo zengqondo kwiphepha le-20 kwinkulungwane yophando lwe-2002.
I-Piaget iyona eyaziwayo kakhulu:
- Iingcamango zokuphuhliswa kwengqondo
- I-genetic epistemology
Inzala Yakhe kwiSayensi yaqalisa ekuqaleni koBomi
UJean Piaget wazalelwa eSwitzerland ngomhla ka-Agasti 9, 1896 waza waqala ukubonisa umdla kwizendalo zemvelo eselula kakhulu. Ngeminyaka eyi-11 ubudala, wayeseqalile umsebenzi wakhe njengomphandi ngokubhala iphepha elifutshane kwi-sparrow ye-albino. Waqhubeka nokufunda i-sciences yemvelo waza wafumana iPhD.
kwi-Zoology evela kwiYunivesithi yaseNeuchâtel ngowe-1918.
Umsebenzi Wakhe kunye neBinet eFuncedo ivuselela umdla wakhe kwiNtuthuko yobuPhakathi
UPiaget kamva waba nomdla kwi-psychoanalysis, kwaye wachitha iminyaka esebenza kwiziko lemakhwenkwe elenziwe ngu- Alfred Binet . I-Binet yaziwa ngokuba ngumqhubi weemvavanyo zokuqala zeengqiqo kunye noPiaget uthatha inxaxheba ekubaleni ezi vavanyo.
Nangona umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala wawubandakanya umsebenzi kwizendalo zendalo, kwaba ngama-1920s apho waqala ukuya emsebenzini njengengcali yeengqondo. Watshata noValentine Châtenay ngowe-1923 kwaye isi sibini sahamba saba nabantwana abathathu. Kwakubonwe nguPiaget wabantwana bakhe abasebenza njengesiseko ezininzi zeengcamango zakhe zangaphambili.
Inkolelo kaPiaget: Ukufumanisa iinjongo zoLwazi
UPiaget wazichazela ngokuba ngumzimba wezinto eziphilayo . "Yintoni i-epistemology ye-genetic ephakanyiswayo ekufumaneni iingcambu zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi, ekubeni iifom zokuqala, zilandelayo kumanqanaba alandelayo, kuquka nezobunzululwazi," kuchaza kwincwadi yakhe ethi Genetic Epistemology .
I-epistemology yisebe lefilosofi echaphazelekayo, imvelo, ubungakanani kunye nemida yolwazi lwabantu. Wayengenomdla kuphela kwimeko yengcamango, kodwa ngendlela ekuhlakuleleni nasekuqondeni ngayo indlela i-genetics echaphazela ngayo le nkqubo.
Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala kunye neemvavanyo ze- Binet ze- intelligence zamkhokelela ekubeni agqibe ekubeni abantwana bacinga ngokuhlukileyo kunabantu abadala . Nangona le ngcamango ivunyiweyo namhlanje, kwakucingwa ngenguquko kwixesha. Kwakunjalo oku kuphazamisa umdla wakhe ekuqondeni ukuba ulwazi lukhula njani kubuntwaneni bonke.
Wacetyisa ukuba abantwana bahlele ulwazi abalutholayo ngamava kunye nokusebenzisana kwabo kwiqela elibizwa ngokuba ngama-schemas . Xa ulwazi olutsha lufunyenwe, lunokuthi lufakwe kwi-schemas ekhoyo okanye lufikeleleke ngokuhlaziywa kunye ne-schema ekhoyo okanye ukudala uluhlu olutsha lweenkcukacha.
Namhlanje, uyaziwa ngokuphanda kwakhe malunga nophuhliso lokuqonda kwengane. UPiaget wafunda ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo kwabantwana bakhe abathathu kwaye wadala imfundiso eyachaza izigaba abantwana abadlula kuzo ekuphuhliseni iinkqubo zengqondo kunye neenkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo.
Le ngcamango ibonisa izigaba ezine:
(1) Isigaba sokuqala : Isigaba sokuqala sokuphuhliswa sisusela ekuzalweni ukuya kumalunga amabini amabini. Kulo phuhliso ekuphuhlisweni, abantwana bayazi ihlabathi ngokusisiseko ngeengqondo zabo kunye nezithuthi.
(2) Isiqendu sokuqhubela phambili : Isigaba sesibini sophuhliso siphelela kwiminyaka emibili ukuya kwi sixhenxe kwaye sibonakala ngokuphuhliswa kolwimi kunye nokuvela komdlalo wokufanisa.
(3) Isigaba sokusebenza esicokisekileyo : Isigaba sesithathu sokuphuhliswa kwengqondo kuqhubeka ukususela kwiminyaka esixhenxe ukuya kwi-11 yobudala. Kule ngongoma, kucatshangelwa ingcamango enengcamango kodwa abantwana bayabambana nemibono engacacanga.
(4) Isigaba sokusebenza ngokusemthethweni : Kwisigaba sesine nesigxina sokuphuhliswa kwengqondo, esusela kwiminyaka eyi-12 ukuya ekubeni ngumntu omdala, abantwana banengcamango enengqiqo nangengqiqo.
Igalelo likaPiaget kwiNgqondo
UPiaget unike inkxaso ngenkcazo yokuba abantwana bacinga ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunabantu abadala kunye nophando lwakhe lubonakalise amanqaku ambalwa ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni kwengqondo yabantwana. Umsebenzi wakhe wabuye waba nomdla kwizengqondo zengqondo kunye nophuhliso. Iingcamango zikaPiaget zifundwa ngokubanzi namhlanje ngabafundi besibini kunye nezemfundo.
UPiaget wayephethe izikhundla ezininzi ezikhundleni kulo lonke umsebenzi wakhe kwaye wenza uphando kwizesayikholo kunye nemfuza. Wadala iSikole saMazwe ngamazwe nge-Genetic Epistemology ngo-1955 waza wakhonza njengomlawuli waze wafa ngoSeptemba 16, 1980.
I-Piaget yachaphazela njani i-Psychology?
Iingcamango zikaPiaget ziyaqhubeka zifundiswa kwiinkalo zengqondo, inzululwazi, imfundo kunye nemfuza. Umsebenzi wakhe waba negalelo ekuqondeni kwethu ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo yabantwana. Nangona abaphandi babecala babecinga abantwana njengento encinci yabantu abadala, uPiaget wanceda ekuboniseni ukuba ubuntwana luxesha eliyingqalileyo nelibalulekileyo lophuhliso loluntu .
Umsebenzi wakhe waphinde waba nomthelela kwezinye iingcali zeengqondo ezibandakanya u- Howard Gardner noRobert Sternberg .
Ngomxholo wabo we-2005 INzululwazi yeNgqumbo Engamanga , uBrainerd noReyna babhala ngempembelelo kaPiaget:
"Ekuhambeni kwexesha elide nelingumsebenzi omkhulu, waba negalelo elibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yezobugcisa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo njengefilosofi yesayensi, iilwimi, imfundo, inzululwazi kunye ne-biology. Kodwa ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, wayeyi - psychologist ye-20 Kwiminyaka emashumi amabini, ukususela ekuqaleni kwawo-1960 ukuya ekuqaleni kwee-1980, ukufundwa kwePiagetian kunye nePiaget ukufunyaniswa kweengxelo kubangele ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo kwengqondo emhlabeni jikelele, njengoko iimvo zikaFrud zazingela phantsi kwengqondo engaqhelekanga isizukulwana ngaphambili. kude nokukhathazeka kwendabuko kunye nentuthuko yengqondo kunye nokuphuhliswa kwengqondo. "
Biographies kaJean Piaget
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda okunye malunga nePiaget, qwalasela ezinye zezi biographies zobomi bakhe.
- I-Bringuier, i-JC (1980). Ingxoxo noJean Piaget. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- UEvans, R. (1973). UJean Piaget, indoda kunye nezimvo zakhe . ENew York: iDutton.
- UPiaget, J. (1952). I-Autobiography. Kwi-E. Boring (ed). Imbali yengqondo kwizinto ezizenzekelayo. Vol. 4. I- Worcester, MA: i-Clark University Press.
Iincwadi ezikhethiweyo zikaJean Piaget
Ukuze uphinde uhlolisise iingcamango zakhe, cinga ukufunda ezinye zeetekisi zenkcazelo. Ezi zilandelayo ziyimisebenzi eyaziwayo kakhulu yePiaget.
- UPiaget, J. (1936) I- Origins of intelligence kumntwana. ELondon: uRoutledge noKegan Paul.
- UPiaget, J. (1945) Dlala, amaphupha kunye nokulingisa ebuntwaneni. London: Heinemann.
- I-Piaget, J. (1970) Iindlela eziphambili zengqondo. London: George Allen & Unwin.
- UPiaget, J. (1970). I-genetic epistemology. ENew York: WW Norton neNkampani.
- UPiaget, J. (1973). Imemori kunye nolwazi. ENew York: BasicBooks.
Ngamazwi akhe aKodwa
"Umgaqo-siseko wemfundo ezikolweni kufuneka udale amadoda kunye nabasetyhini abanokwenza izinto ezintsha, kungekhona ukuphinda baphinde baphinde benze ntoni ezinye izizukulwana.
-Yean Piaget
Iingxelo:
Brainerd, CJ, & Reyna, VF (2005). Inzululwazi yenkohlakalo yamanga. ENew York: i-Oxford University Press.